US4735723A - Anaerobic purification of waste water containing sulfate and organic material - Google Patents

Anaerobic purification of waste water containing sulfate and organic material Download PDF

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US4735723A
US4735723A US07/035,619 US3561987A US4735723A US 4735723 A US4735723 A US 4735723A US 3561987 A US3561987 A US 3561987A US 4735723 A US4735723 A US 4735723A
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acidification
reactor
waste water
hydrogen sulfide
sulfate
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Arnold Mulder
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BIOTHANE Corp A NJ CORP
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Gist Brocades NV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/345—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used for biological oxidation or reduction of sulfur compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • sulfate if present, will be reduced predominantly to hydrogen sulfide. In most cases, this is disadvantageous as it results in a decrease or even complete inhibition of the methanogenic capacity of the sludge and the production of a malodorous effluent. It is difficult to inhibit this sulfate reduction.
  • anaerobic purification techniques to highly contaminated waste waters is often limited by the high concentrations of SO 4 2- .
  • Examples are the vinasses of fermentation processes such as alcohol, lactic acid, citric acid and penicillin.
  • the application of anaerobic purification in this field is highly attractive, owing to the very high COD involved. Typical COD-loads are 10-60 ton/day, leading to expensive purification reactors.
  • French patent application No. 2,484,990 discloses the continuous purification of sulfate-containing waste water by treatment with anaerobic methanogenic bacteria and the removal of sulfides formed from the sulfates using a stripping gas.
  • the elimination of the sulfides is carried out in an external gas stripper and the sulfate containing waste water is purified in an anaerobic waste water reaction space wherein at the same time the acidification and methanisation takes place
  • the sulfide concentration is kept below 0.1 g/l in the reactor and therefore, the ratio of feed to this reactor must be 0.5 to 0.02 times the liquid feed to the gas stripper.
  • British Patent Application No. 2,143,810 describes a process wherein primary sulfur oxide-containing wastes, for example gypsum (CaSO 4 ) are biologically converted.
  • the process of this application is carried out in an anaerobic reactor with suspended growth biomass and preferably, a continuous upflow expanded bed reactor or a fixed film reactor is used.
  • the conversion rate in this process will be from about 8 to about 32 kg/m 3 of reactor space per day in the examples, the average conversion rate is 1 kg SO 4 /m 3 of space per day at most.
  • the hydraulic velocity in the reactor is about 1.2-2.4 m/h. However applying this hydraulic liquid velocity in combination with the applied retention time of one day results in very wide reactor designs, which are economically unattractive for industrial application.
  • the novel process of the invention for the purification of waste water containing sulfates and organic material by anaerobic biological waste water treatment is characterized by converting at least 80% of the sulfate ions by an acidification process into hydrogen sulfide and removing at least 70% of the hydrogen sulfide from the waste water.
  • the acidification stage of a 2-stage anaerobic purification process is advantageously used.
  • the optimization of the sulfate conversion in the acidification stage of a two stage anaerobic digestion and the removal of hydrogen sulfide from the acidified waste water will prevent the inhibition of methane fermentation by hydrogen sulfide which will benefit the methane fermentation.
  • the aqueous effluent leaving the acidification stage contains minimal amounts of sulfates and sulfides
  • the biogas formed in the methane fermentation stage will, as a result of this process, contain only minimal amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the hydrogen sulfide recovered from the acidification may be converted into a product of greater value such as sulfur, NaHS-solute, SO 2 and SO 3 and/or H 2 SO 4 (for example, H 2 SO 4 with a concentration of 20%).
  • the simultaneous acidification and sulfate reduction may be achieved in conventional and well-known anaerobic reactors.
  • various reactors can be used in the present process such as a UASB reactor, a fluidized-bed reactor, an anaerobic filter or a down-flow stationary fixed film process.
  • a UASB reactor a fluidized-bed reactor
  • an anaerobic filter or a down-flow stationary fixed film process.
  • the conditions in the process have to be selected to achieve a high liquid recirculation over the gas stripper in case of high sulfate conversions.
  • the recirculation ratio has to be chosen to remain below a desired sulfide concentration in the anaerobic reaction space.
  • a fluidized bed reactor is used for simultaneous acidification and sulfate reduction and advantageously, superficial liquid velocities of 5-30 m/h are used in this reactor.
  • carrier particles preferably having an average dimension smaller than 3 mm, more preferably smaller than 1 mm are used and the density of the carrier is preferably at least 1200 kg/m 3 , more preferably 1500-4000 kg/m 3 and the mean concentration of the carrier under process conditions in the reactor is preferably smaller than 400 kg/m 3 reactor volume.
  • river gravel silver sand, eiffel-lava are suitable carriers.
  • the hydrogen sulfide is removed using a purge gas.
  • the hydrogen sulfide is removed by creating a zone of subatmospheric pressure above the reaction liquid so that the hydrogen sulfide can be removed from this zone.
  • the reaction liquid is the liquid in the acidification process and/or the liquid in the optional gas stripping device situated externally to the acidification reactor.
  • the purge gas may be used to obtain the gas lift in the reaction space for internal gas stripping.
  • a fluidized bed reactor with an external gas stripper is used. The external gas stripper gives the possibility of obtaining more independent process parameters.
  • gas strippers known per se or which are conventionally designed can be used.
  • all the dissolved gases will escape from the liquid for example H 2 S, CO 2 , CH 4 , etc.
  • An advantage of this method is that the hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in the gas leaving the gas stripper, while the methane formed in the methanization stage is substantially free of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the gases from the external gas stripper are removed optionally together with the gas formed in the acidification.
  • the sulfate reducers can tolerate sulfide concentration up to 2000 mg S/l, corresponding to the reduction of 6 g SO 4 /l. Their growth is most rapid at reactions close to neutrality bu the limiting conditions are about pH 5.5-9.0.
  • the pH in the acidification process is advantageously 5 to 8, while the temperature in the acidification process is 25° to 45° C.
  • the pH is maintained at 6 to 7 in the acidification process.
  • the sulfide content in the acidification reactor under such reaction conditions is lower than about 200 mg S/l.
  • the sulfate reduction and the stripping of hydrogen sulfide produces an increase in the pH.
  • an increase of the pH of 1 to 2 units is observed when waste water having a sulfate concentration of 4000 mg/l is used. Therefore, the pH has to be controlled, for example by adding acid to the waste water.
  • a purge gas containing carbon dioxide preferably biogas containing carbon dioxide, which will reduce or even prevent this acid consumption.
  • Preferably at least 80% of the hydrogen sulfide is stripped by the purge gas.
  • the purge gas then contains suitably at least 0.5% (v/v) of hydrogen sulfide, preferably about 2 to 5% (v/v) of hydrogen sulfide.
  • such conditions are determined so that the acidification efficiency of the effluent will have a value of at least 40% and typical acidification percentages are 45 to 70% depending on the kind of waste water to be purified.
  • typical acidification percentages are 45 to 70% depending on the kind of waste water to be purified.
  • the conversion capacities will be 30 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the sulfate reduction capacity in the fluidized bed acidification stage will increase rapidly in the first few days after the introduction of the necessary microorganisms. For example, after inoculation with suitable sludge originating from a waste water treatment process, the sulfate reduction increased to almost 100% within two weeks in a fluidized-bed process, when waste water with a sulfate level of 1500 mg/l was treated.
  • the effluent of the acidification stage of the present process is preferably treated in a methanation stage.
  • two acidification stages are connected in series to obtain very high conversions of the sulfate.
  • any suitable methane fermentation reactor can be used in connection with the present process, such as a UASB reactor, a fluidized-bed reactor, an anaerobic filter or a down-flow stationary fixed film process.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the process of the present invention in which an external gas stripper is used.
  • the flow sheet of the example is shown in FIG. 1 and the tests were performed in a fluidized bed reactor (1) with a total volume of 1000 ml.
  • the reactor volume without the settler (2) was 820 ml and sand with a diameter of 0.25 to 0.4 mm was used as carrier material.
  • the reactor was inoculated with 50 ml of sludge from a pilot-plant acidifying fluidized bed reactor.
  • the internal diameter of the reactor was 4 cm, the height 48 cm and the superficial liquid velocity was about 15 m/h. This was achieved by a peristaltic tubing pump (3).
  • the hydraulic retention time in the reactor was adjusted to about 4 hours and the methane fluidized bed reactor (22) was identical to reactor (1).
  • the reactors were placed in a thermostatic controlled case and the temperatures in the reactors were adjusted to a temperature of 35° ⁇ 1° C. (acidification stage) and 32° ⁇ 1° C. (methanization stage).
  • the hydrogen sulfide was stripped with a purge gas (12) consisting of technical nitrogen-gas in a gas stripper (13) with a diameter of 4.5 cm and a volume of 0.47 l.
  • the nitrogen was distributed by means of a tube of sintered glass.
  • the ratio purge gas flow/influent waste water flow was adjusted about 25 ⁇ 5 and in the gas stripper itself, the ratio purge gas flow/recirculation flow was about 0.3.
  • the waste water (4) consisted of a diluted yeast waste water with a COD of 10-14 g/l.
  • the sulfate additions were 0.4 ml of 36N H 2 SO 4 /l influent and 1.24 g of K 2 SO 4 /l influent corresponding to 14.4 meq acid/l and resulting in asulfate concentration of 1.5 g/l. 5 ppm of Fe ++ and 4 ppm of phosphate (PO 4 3-) were also added.
  • Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid and will act as a buffer.
  • the sulfate reduction increased in about ten days to a level of nearly 100% and about 82 to 92% of the H 2 S produced was stripped in the gas stripper.
  • the space loading of the acidification was about 66 kg COD/m 3 per day based on the reactor volume of 1 liter.
  • the average of the flow rate was 0.25 l/h and the influent concentration was 11 g COD/l.
  • the overall efficiency was about 67% and the conversion capacity was 44 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the sludge conversion capacity for volatile fatty acids came to 4 kg COD/kg VSS per day.
  • the biogas production (5) was substantial with a COD removal of 900 to 1400 mg COD/l and the sulfate conversion capacity was about 8.1 kg/SO 4 /m 3 per day.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but the sulfate concentration of the influent was increased to a value of 4.3 g SO 4 /l and 1000 mg/l of propionic acid was added to the influent. Other conditions were maintained as in Example 1 except for changes mentioned later on. After a period, the process ran steady while 4.0 g SO 4 /l was reduced.
  • the sulfate reduction capacity was 21 kg SO 4 /m 3 per day (based on the volume of reactor and a flow rate of 0.25 l/h), corresponding with the conversion of 13.9 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the sludge conversion capacity was about 2 kg SO 4 /kg VSS per day.
  • the space loading of the acidification was 84 kg COD/m 3 per day based on the reactor volume of 1 liter and an hydraulic retention time of about 4 hours.
  • the average of the flow rate was 0.25 l/h and the influent concentration 14 g COD/l.
  • the conversion capacities were 56 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the sludge acidification capacity for volatile fatty acids came to 6 kg COD/kg VSS per day and when the combined sulfate reduction and acidification process had reached a steady state, the end product was mainly acetic acid.
  • H 2 S-COD/l waste water About 1.5 to 2 g of H 2 S-COD/l waste water was removed by stripping. In addition, with the production of 1.4 g biomass COD/l waste water, this resulted in a COD reduction (centrifuged effluent samples) of about 3 g COD/l. At least 85% of the produced H 2 S was stripped by the purge gas and the H 2 S content of the purge gas (14) after leaving the gas stripper was 2 to 5%. The sulfate reduction and the stripping of hydrogen sulfide produced an increase of the pH with 1 to 2 units and the control of the pH to repress this increase to a value of 6.7 required about 5 meq acid/g COD.
  • the effluent of the acidification was connected with the recirculation (24) of the methane fluidized bed reactor (22) (see FIG. 1) and both were pumped (22) into the methane reactor.
  • the effluent of the methane reactor was removed via outlet 25.
  • the methane reactor started with about 600 ml of sludge from a full-stage methanization fluid bed process, supplied with 200 g of sand of 0.2 to 0.4 mm and 50 g of 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
  • the gas production (23) increased in ten days until the conversion capacity was about 14 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the VFA were converted in that period with an efficiency of 90%, and the overall (acidification+methanization) COD-removal efficiency was 60%.
  • the overall reactor loading was about 41 kg COD/m 3 per day and the conversion was 24 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the space loading of the acidification was 85 kg COD/m 3 per day based on the reactor volume of 1.0 liter and a hydraulic retention time of about 3 hours.
  • the average of the flow rate was 0.3 l/h and the influent concentration 11.4 g COD/l.
  • the conversion capacity was 68 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the sludge conversion capacity for volatile fatty acids came to 2.2 kg COD/kg VSS per day.
  • the end product was mainly acetic acid. At least 70% of the produced H 2 S had been stripped by the purge gas and the H 2 S content of the purge gas and the H 2 S content of the purge gas (14) after leaving the gas stripper was 2 to 3%.
  • the effluent of the acidification/sulfate reduction reactor was connected with the recirculation of the UASB-reactor and the hydraulic retention time in this reactor was about 9.0 hours.
  • the conversion efficiency of the volatile fatty acids was over 90%, the overall soluble COD removal efficiency was 85% and the overall total COD-removal efficiency was 80%.
  • the reactor loading was about 15 kg COD/m 3 per day.
  • the UASB-reactor was started with about 1.25 l of granular sludge from an industrial scale UASB reactor used for the purification of effluent from a sugar industry plant.
  • the amount of the inoculated sludge was approximate 100 g of dry suspended solids (about 80 g VSS).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
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US07/035,619 1986-04-16 1987-04-03 Anaerobic purification of waste water containing sulfate and organic material Expired - Lifetime US4735723A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86200652.5 1986-04-16
EP19860200652 EP0241602A1 (de) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 Anaerobe Reinigung von Sulfaten und organisches Material enthaltendem Abwasser

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EP (2) EP0241602A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS62244495A (de)
AT (1) ATE66438T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3772240D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2024488T5 (de)
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Cited By (31)

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US4781836A (en) * 1986-05-16 1988-11-01 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Method for biomethanation
US4983297A (en) * 1988-12-29 1991-01-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Waste water treating process scheme
US5228995A (en) * 1992-04-23 1993-07-20 Stover Enos L Biochemically enhanced hybrid anaerobic reactor
US5269929A (en) * 1988-05-13 1993-12-14 Abb Environmental Services Inc. Microbial process for the reduction of sulfur dioxide
US5419833A (en) * 1987-06-24 1995-05-30 Amoco Corporation Apparatus for treatment of wastewater
US5587079A (en) * 1995-04-21 1996-12-24 Rowley; Michael V. Process for treating solutions containing sulfate and metal ions.
US5635077A (en) 1993-04-29 1997-06-03 The Dow Chemical Company Ammonia removal
US5641401A (en) * 1993-04-29 1997-06-24 The Dow Chemical Company Sludge deodorization
US5958238A (en) * 1994-06-23 1999-09-28 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Anaerobic removal of sulphur compounds from waste water
US6063273A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-05-16 Paques B.V. Apparatus for the biological purification of waste water
US6387669B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2002-05-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods for producing hydrogen (BI) sulfide and/or removing metals
WO2002042227A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-05-30 Fassbender Alexander G Enhanced biogas production from nitrogen bearing feed stocks
US6464875B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2002-10-15 Gold Kist, Inc. Food, animal, vegetable and food preparation byproduct treatment apparatus and process
US6527948B2 (en) * 2001-03-31 2003-03-04 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Apparatus for purification of waste water and a “RFLR” device for performing the same
US6544421B2 (en) * 2001-03-31 2003-04-08 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Method for purification of waste water and “RFLR” device for performing the same
US6551510B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2003-04-22 Norsk Hydro Asa Method for treatment of organic material in a two-step anaerobic biochemical reactor
US20040115120A1 (en) * 1998-11-16 2004-06-17 Paques Bio System B.V. Process for the production of hydrogen sulphide from elemental sulphur and use thereof in heavy metal recovery
US6863816B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2005-03-08 Dharma Living Systems, Inc. Tidal vertical flow wastewater treatment system and method
US20050051482A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Dharma Living Systems, Inc. Flood and drain wastewater treatment system and associated methods
US6881338B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2005-04-19 Dharma Living Systems, Inc. Integrated tidal wastewater treatment system and method
US20050082222A1 (en) * 2003-10-20 2005-04-21 Dharma Living Systems, Lc Tidal vertical flow wastewater treatment system and method
US20050218071A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2005-10-06 Dharma Living Systems, Inc. Integrated tidal wastewater treatment system and method
US20050279703A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Dharma Living Systems, Inc. Nitrogen removal system and method for wastewater treatment lagoons
US20080053909A1 (en) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-06 Fassbender Alexander G Ammonia recovery process
US20080053913A1 (en) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-06 Fassbender Alexander G Nutrient recovery process
US20130233795A1 (en) * 2010-11-26 2013-09-12 Hideaki Shinto Anaerobic treatment method
US20130256223A1 (en) * 2010-12-02 2013-10-03 Guanghao Chen Biological wastewater treatment and reuse utilizing sulfur compounds as electron carrier to minimize sludge production
US9440863B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2016-09-13 Apache Corporation Method and apparatus for removing acid-gases from hydrocarbon-bearing saltwater solution
CN105753247B (zh) * 2016-03-04 2019-08-06 石家庄经济学院 一种青霉素混合废水低温处理装置及其方法
US20190300414A1 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-10-03 Stanley Marcus MEYER Systems and methods for processing organic compounds
CN111689659A (zh) * 2020-07-13 2020-09-22 福建中盟环保科技有限公司 一体化立式高浓度硫酸盐废水处理装置

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JPS6388099A (ja) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-19 Zenzo Shimada メタン発酵法の前処理方法
JPS63173400U (de) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-10
IT1219082B (it) * 1988-03-07 1990-04-24 Manifattura San Valeriano Spa Procedimento e impianto per lo smaltimento e il riciclo di rifiuti solidi urbani mediante fermentazione anaerobica
NL9000877A (nl) 1990-04-12 1991-11-01 Pacques Bv Werkwijze voor het anaeroob zuiveren van afvalwater met een hoog gehalte aan zwavelverbindingen en inrichting voor het uitvoeren van deze werkwijze.
ES2088368B1 (es) * 1995-01-20 1997-06-01 Munoz Aurelio Hernandez Proceso de digestion anaerobia, en dos fases, de fangos procedentes de la depuracion de aguas residuales con contenido organico.
US5651890A (en) * 1995-04-04 1997-07-29 Trost; Paul B. Use of propane as stripper gas in anaerobic digestion of wastewaters
FR2741874B1 (fr) * 1995-12-04 1998-02-20 Degremont Procede de traitement par fermentation anaerobie d'eaux residuaires pour l'elimination des sulfates
US6361694B1 (en) 2000-06-26 2002-03-26 Paul B. Trost Enhanced biomass digestion through intermittent injection of propane
EP1690827A1 (de) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-16 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Schwefelwasserstoffen
CN101157938B (zh) * 2007-09-11 2010-06-09 江南大学 一种解除硫酸盐还原对厌氧消化产沼气过程抑制的方法
WO2009050661A2 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-04-23 Water Research Commission Process for treating sulphate-containing effluent
DE102007054210A1 (de) * 2007-11-12 2009-05-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserstoffen unter Verwendung von aufbereitetem Abwasser
DE102007054207A1 (de) * 2007-11-12 2009-05-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Zweistufiges Verfahren zur Chemikalien-Rückgewinnung aus Abwasser
JP5600525B2 (ja) * 2010-08-31 2014-10-01 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション 上向流式の反応槽、該反応槽を用いた水処理方法、該反応槽を備える水処理装置
NL1039442C2 (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-09 Lely Patent Nv Biomass conversion methods and systems.
JP5979566B2 (ja) * 2012-07-23 2016-08-24 三菱レイヨン株式会社 溶存ガス除去装置、ならびに有機性被処理物の生物処理装置および生物処理方法
CN103979730B (zh) * 2014-06-05 2015-08-05 华东理工大学 净化青霉素生产废液并回收硫酸钠的方法

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DE3772240D1 (de) 1991-09-26
ATE66438T1 (de) 1991-09-15
EP0241602A1 (de) 1987-10-21
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GR3002580T3 (en) 1993-01-25
GR3015542T3 (en) 1995-06-30

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