US4702259A - Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body - Google Patents

Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body Download PDF

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Publication number
US4702259A
US4702259A US06/903,698 US90369886A US4702259A US 4702259 A US4702259 A US 4702259A US 90369886 A US90369886 A US 90369886A US 4702259 A US4702259 A US 4702259A
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United States
Prior art keywords
resistance
living body
output
coupled
digital
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/903,698
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English (en)
Inventor
Marc Ferreira
John McCormick
Raymond Bernard
Joseph Butryn
Ronald Clifford
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AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST
Church of Spiritual Technology Inc
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AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST
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Priority to US06/903,698 priority Critical patent/US4702259A/en
Application filed by AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST filed Critical AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BUTRYN, JOSEPH
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BERNARD, RAYMOND, FERREIRA, MARC, MC CORMICK, JOHN
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ZANIER, LOREN P.
Assigned to AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR' FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CAMPBELL, JEFFREY D.
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CLIFFORD, RONALD
Priority to SE8703378A priority patent/SE500067C2/sv
Priority to DE19873729321 priority patent/DE3729321A1/de
Priority to CA000617046A priority patent/CA1341509E/en
Priority to DK459987A priority patent/DK169740B1/da
Priority to NL8702072A priority patent/NL192869C/nl
Priority to CA000546109A priority patent/CA1297165C/en
Priority to JP62221801A priority patent/JPS63139531A/ja
Priority to MX008107A priority patent/MX168466B/es
Priority to ZA876621A priority patent/ZA876621B/xx
Priority to IT67763/87A priority patent/IT1218928B/it
Priority to GB8720875A priority patent/GB2196125B/en
Priority to FR878712291A priority patent/FR2603700B1/fr
Priority to AU77964/87A priority patent/AU612984B2/en
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PLOETZ, BRUCE
Assigned to AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST reassignment AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EASTHAM, PHILIP C.
Publication of US4702259A publication Critical patent/US4702259A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to AU71972/91A priority patent/AU7197291A/en
Assigned to CHURCH OF SPIRITUAL TECHNOLOGY reassignment CHURCH OF SPIRITUAL TECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STARKEY, NORMAN F., TRUSTEE AUTHOR'S FAMILY TRUST-B
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance

Definitions

  • This invention relates to devices for indicating variations in electrical resistance of living bodies and more particularly, human bodies.
  • GSR galvonic skin response
  • Such instruments contained in the prior art have several drawbacks. Firstly, the better instruments have a high power consumption, are very expensive, are very complex, are large and non-portable and have complex and confusing controls.
  • the less expensive and portable units also have other disadvantages. In particular, such disadvantages include high power consumption, poor stability, low sensitivity and an expensive and complex power source.
  • such more expensive and less expensive devices share certain common disadvantages.
  • the circuitry is typically noisy, it is difficult to accurately read the position of the controls, it is difficult to maintain stable voltages and no provision is provided for the operator to instantaneously check to determine if the variations in the output readings are the result of changes in the living body or some failure in the equipment without recalibrating the entire device.
  • the device generally includes an analog portion, a digital portion and a power supply portion which supplies a stable source of power to both the digital and the analog portions and which utilizes a single battery source.
  • the analog portion generally includes a bridge network which is coupled to a transistorized amplifier whose output is connected to a meter movement.
  • the digital portion generally includes digital circuitry and displays for accurately determining and displaying the position of the important controls.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the analog portion of the device
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the digital portion of the device.
  • FIG. 3 is a modification of the diagrams shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 at the dotted line 3--3.
  • FIG. 1 shown therein is a circuit diagram of the analog portion of a device for measuring and indicating the resistance of a living body in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • the device includes an ungrounded normally closed jack J1. Across the jack J1 is connected in parallel a resistor 2.
  • the resistor 2 is coupled to the normally closed jack J1 such that when a plug is inserted into the jack J1, the resistor 2 is disconnected from across the jack J1.
  • the collar of jack J1 is further connected to the normally closed contact of switch SW1.
  • Switch SW1 is a push button switch and the movable contact of the push button switch SW1 is connected to the base of transistor TR1.
  • the other normally opened contact of push button switch SW1 is connected to the tip of jack J1 via resistor 4.
  • the base of the transistor TR1 is further connected to a variable resistor 8.
  • the other side of the variable resistor 8 is connected back to the tip of jack J1 through the series connection of resistor 10 and resistor 12.
  • the tip of jack J1 is also connected to the wiper of potentiometer section P1A of ganged potentiometer P1.
  • One terminal of potentiometer section P1A is connected to the base of transistor TR1 via the series connection of resistors 14 and 16.
  • the other terminal of potentiometer section P1A is connected to the minus input of operational amplifier 26 via the series connection of resistor 18 and resistor 22.
  • the connection point between resistor 18 and the resistor 22 is further connected to the anode of zenor diode Z1.
  • resistor 16 oppositely connected from the base of transistor TR1 and the collector of transistor TR1 are both connected together via resistor 36 and are connected to a negative terminal of the battery B1.
  • the connection point between resistors 10 and 12 is further connected to the cathode of zenor diode Z1 via the series connection of fixed resistor 46 and variable resistor 48.
  • the emitter of transistor TR1 is connected respectively to the cathode of zenor diode Z1 via resistor 50 and to the plus input of operational amplifier 26 via resistor 52.
  • the plug input of amplifier 26 is connected to the negative terminal of battery B1 via resistor 54 and the minus input of amplifier 26 is also connected to the negative terminal of battery B1 via resistor 56.
  • the plus input of amplifier 26 is connected via variable resistor 58 to the cathode of zenor diode Z1.
  • the output of amplifier 26 is further connected via switch SW2 to the base of transistor TR3.
  • the base of transistor TR3 is further connected respectively to the anode of zenor diode Z1 via resistor 59 and to the negative terminal of battery B1 via resistor 60.
  • the collector of transistor TR3 is connected to contact 62 of switch section SW3A of switch SW3.
  • the minus input of amplifier 26 is further connected to the emitter of transistor TR3 via resistor 30. Also, the emitter of transistor TR3 is connected to the cathode of zenor diode Z1 via variable resistor 32.
  • Switch contact 80 of switch SW2B is connected to the point where resistors 76 and 80 are connected together.
  • Switch contact 70 is further connected respectively to the negative terminal of meter M1, the negative side of battery B1 via resistor 82 and to contact 84 of switch section SW3A via variable resistor 86 and fixed resistor 88.
  • Contact 84 is further connected to the plus terminal of meter M1.
  • Switch contact 90 of switch section SW3B is connected to the cathode of zenor diode Z1 via fixed resistor 92 and variable resistor 94.
  • the base of transistor TR3 is connected to the fixed switch contact of switch SW2.
  • the remaining contact of switch SW2 is connected to the computer interface 42.
  • the output of operational amplifier 26 is connected to the computer interface 42 via switch SW4.
  • a charger C1 for charging the battery B1 is connected across the battery B1 and also powered via a power cord and plug 96.
  • the positive side of the battery B1 is connected to switch contact 98 of switch section SW3B.
  • Contact 100 of switch section SW3B is connected to switch contact 102 and further to the anode of zenor diode Z2 via resistor 104.
  • the cathode of zenor diode Z2 is connected to the ground and the anode of zenor diode Z2 is connected to the source of MOSFET 106.
  • the drain of MOSFET 106 is connected to the cathode of zenor diode Z1.
  • the gate of MOSFET 106 is connected to and controlled by the output of operational amplifier 108.
  • the drain of MOSFET 106 is further connected to the positive power terminal of operational amplifier 108 and to one input of the operational amplifier 108 via resistor 110.
  • This same input of the operational amplifier 108 is connected to the negative terminal of battery B1 via resistor 112.
  • the negative power terminal of operational amplifier 108 is connected to the negative terminal of battery B1.
  • the other input of the operational amplifier 108 is connected to the cathode of zenor diode Z3 and the anode of zenor diode Z3 is connected to the negative terminal of battery B1.
  • the cathodes of zenor diodes Z1 and Z3 are coupled together via resistor 114.
  • the digital portion comprises a potentiometer section P1B which is the other half of the ganged potentiometer P1 and turns in unison with potentiometer P1A which is provided in the analog section.
  • the battery B1 is connected across the potentiometer section P1B and the movable contact of the potentiometer section P1B is connected to the input of a comparator 120.
  • the output of the comparator 120 is a positive signal if the input from the potentiometer section P1B is greater than the signal to be compared, a minus if the output voltage from the potentiometer section P1B is less than the reference to be compared with and a zero if they are equal.
  • the output of comparator 120 is supplied to an UP/DOWN counter 122.
  • the UP/DOWN counter counts up with the application of a positive signal and counts down with the application of a negative signal.
  • the up count of UP/DOWN counter 122 is connected to the up count inputs of counters 124 and 126.
  • the down count output of counter 122 is connected only to the down count input of counter 126.
  • the output of counter 124 is connected to a digital display driver 128 and digital display drive 128 derives a digital display 130.
  • the digital display 130 can be any type of digital display, but preferably it should a liquid crystal display type because of the low power consumption.
  • the output of counter 126 is connected to the input of a digital display driver 132 which drives a second digital display 134.
  • the digital display 134 can be any type or digital display, but is preferably a liquid crystal display type because of the low power consumption.
  • the output of counter 126 is further supplied to a digital to analog converter 136.
  • the output of the digital to analog converter 136 is connected to the other input of comparator 120 and provides the feedback comparison signal for the comparator 120.
  • the operation of the digital portion is controlled by a clock signal (not shown) in a manner well known in the art.
  • the clock signal can be used by the counters 122, 124 and 126 to perform their counting.
  • the device in operation the device is turned on utilizing the switch SW3.
  • the electrodes are connected to the device by inserting the plug PL1 into the jack J1 and a living body is connected to the electrodes.
  • the electrodes are then part of the bridge network and the bridge is initially balanced utilizing variable resistor 8.
  • the transistors TR1 and TR3 together with operational amplifier 26 form transistor amplifier which amplifies the variations in the balance of the bridge network caused by changes in the resistance of the living body.
  • silicon type transistors are utilized instead of germanium.
  • Variable resistor 30 is utilized to set the needle of the M1 within the range of reading by changing the gain of the operational amplifier 26 and variable resistor 32 is adjusted to balance the amplifier 26 so that a stable and consistent output can be represented on the meter M1.
  • the variable resistor 32 would be a reverse log type potentiometer. The output signal of the transistor amplifier from transistor TR3 is supplied to the meter M1 where it is displayed.
  • potentiometer section P1A On the meter M1 is a particular set point and the value of potentiometer section P1A is set by rotating the control associated with potentiometer P1 so that the needle of the meter M1 points at a particular set point. As the resistance of the living body changes. the potentiometer P1 is turned so as to increase or reduce the resistance of potentiometer section P1A to maintain the needle of M1 pointed at the particular set point.
  • the switches SW2 and SW4 together with the interface 42 are provided.
  • the computer interface 42 is connected to a computer and further comprises itself operational amplifiers, buffers and impedance matching networks required to connect the computer to the output of the operational amplifier 26 and to the base of the transistor TR3 so that the computer cannot only receive data in the form of the output from amplifier 26, but also can supply data in the form of a signal to the base of the transistor TR3.
  • the charger C1 is connected across battery B1 which can be any conventional rechargeable battery such as a NiCad.
  • battery B1 can be any conventional rechargeable battery such as a NiCad.
  • the battery is essentially provided across resistor 104, MOSFET 106 and zenor diode Z1 to ground.
  • the level of the voltage which appears at the cathode of zenor diode Z1 is set by MOSFET 106 which in turn is controlled by the output of operational amplifier 108.
  • the output of operational amplifier 108 is supplied to the gate of MOSFET 106 and as a result the magnitude of the output voltage from operational amplifier 108 sets the resistance of the MOSFET 106.
  • the voltage drop across the MOSFET 106 can be controlled resulting in control of the voltage at the cathode of zenor diode Z1.
  • the voltage which appears at the cathode of zenor diode Z3 is applied to one end of an input of the operational amplifier and is compared with voltage applied to the other end of the terminal of operational amplifier 108 which is sent by the voltage divides network comprising resistors 110 and 112. With this arrangement a stable voltage can be supplied for powering the analog and digital portions and also for supplying the required voltage to the bridge network.
  • this circuitry allows the battery B1 to be of a voltage substantially higher than the requirements for the circuitry so that as the battery B1 is discharged and the voltage decreases, the device continues to operate efficiently and stably over a wide voltage range for the battery B1.
  • This voltage for the battery B1 is equal to the maximum voltage drop across MOSFET 106 plus the minimum voltage to stably operate the apparatus.
  • the battery B1 further powers the operational amplifier 108.
  • the voltages that appear at the cathode and anode of the zenor diode Z1 are very stable and provide the voltage arms of the bridge network.
  • the rotation of the control knob on the potentiometer P1 turns both the potentiometer section P1A and potentiometer section P1B in unison. Since a voltage is applied across the potentiometer P1B the movement of the variable wiper of the potentiometer causes a differing voltage to appear at the input of the comparator 120.
  • This input to the comparator 120 is compared with some other reference value by the comparator 120 and an output signal which is either positive, negative or zero is generated by the comparator based on whether the input voltage from potentiometer P1B is either greater than, less than or equal to, respectively, the reference voltage.
  • the output of the comparator 120 is supplied to UP/DOWN counter 122 and the UP/DOWN counter 122 counts up based upon a positive signal, down upon a negative signal and makes no change upon the application of a zero.
  • the up count of the UP/DOWN counter 122 is supplied to the up count input of counter 124 which essentially accumulates the count. Accordingly, the number contained in the counter 124 is accumulative count and is indicative of the amount that potentiometer P1B has been turned in total.
  • Counter 124 supplies an output signal to a digital display driver 128 which in turn drives a digital display 130 which in fact indicates the total accumulative count to the operator.
  • the up and down count outputs of UP/DOWN counter 122 are supplied to respectively the up and down count inputs of counter 126. Accordingly, counter 126 counts up and down in accordance with UP/DOWN counter 122. As a result, the count contained in counter 126 is indicative of the position of the wiper of potentiometer P1B. This count is supplied to digital display driver 132 which in turn drives a digital display 134. In addition, the output of counter 126 is supplied to a D/A converter 136 which converts the count into an analog voltage. This analog voltage is supplied to the reference input of the comparator 120 and it is compared with the voltage from the potentiometer section P1B. As a result, a closed loop feedback system is provided for controlling the accuracy of the count.
  • a reset signal can be supplied to the UP/DOWN counter 122 and the counters 124 and 126 to reset them back to zero. After this is done, the entire process can be repeated again.
  • the switch SW2 is set in the open position and the switch SW4 is closed. In this way the output signal from the operational amplifier 26 can be fed through the interface 42 to a computer for recording an analysis. If one desires to display the previously recorded output of the amplifier 26 on the meter M1 of the device, the switch SW2 is set in the position to connect the interface 42 to the base of the transistor TR3. Also, the switch SW4 is opened. In this way, an output signal from a computer can be applied to the base of the transistor TR3 and displayed on the meter M1. It should also be apparent that if the computer is a digital computer, analog to digital and digital to analog circuits would be utilized in the interface 42 to make the appropriate conversions of the output signal from the amplifier 26 and the output from the digital computer.
  • circuits of the digital portion have been shown as black boxes, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that these circuits can be implemented with standard and well known digital devices which exist in the prior art; however, it is preferable that the digital devices selected to perform these functions should be low in power consumption and preferably of CMOS type.
  • the digital displays 130 and 134 can be any type of digital displays but it is preferably that the digital displays are low power consumption such as liquid crystal displays.
  • FIG. 3 shown therein is a modification of the diagrams of FIGS. 1 and 2 along the dotted line 3--3.
  • the connections which are normally applied to the ganged potentiometer P1 are made to the fixed switch contact of multi-pole, two position, slide switch SW5.
  • the contacts of one position of the multi-pole two position switch SW5 are connected directly to variable resistors P1B and P1A of ganged potentiometer P1.
  • This ganged potentiometer P1 is located in the device in the same manner as in the construction of FIG. 1, but is connected to the circuitry via the multi-pole, two position, slide switch SW5.
  • a remote ganged potentiometer P1' which consists of potentiometers P1B' and P1A' is connected to the contacts of the other position of the multi pole, two position, slide switch SW5.
  • a remote ganged potentiometer P1' could be connected to the device via cabling and a plug can be selected to control the device via the multi-pole, two position, slide switch SW5.
  • switches in the device which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 could be implemented electronically using transistors, gate circuits, relays and integrated circuits.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
US06/903,698 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body Expired - Lifetime US4702259A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/903,698 US4702259A (en) 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
SE8703378A SE500067C2 (sv) 1986-09-04 1987-09-01 En apparat för mätning och indikering av förändringar av resistansen i en levande kropp
DE19873729321 DE3729321A1 (de) 1986-09-04 1987-09-02 Einrichtung zum messen und anzeigen von widerstandsaenderungen in einem lebenden koerper
NL8702072A NL192869C (nl) 1986-09-04 1987-09-03 Inrichting voor het meten en aangeven van veranderingen in de weerstand van een levend lichaam.
CA000546109A CA1297165C (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-03 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
CA000617046A CA1341509E (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-03 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
DK459987A DK169740B1 (da) 1986-09-04 1987-09-03 Apparat til måling og visning af forandringer i den elektriske modstand i et levende legeme
AU77964/87A AU612984B2 (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
MX008107A MX168466B (es) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Dispositivo para medir e indicar la cambios en la resistencia de un cuerpo vivo
IT67763/87A IT1218928B (it) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Dispositivo per misurare ed indicare variazioni della resistenza elettrica di un corpo vivente
GB8720875A GB2196125B (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 A device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
FR878712291A FR2603700B1 (fr) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Dispositif pour mesurer et indiquer des variations de resistance d'un corps vivant
JP62221801A JPS63139531A (ja) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 生体における抵抗変化の測定表示装置
ZA876621A ZA876621B (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 A device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
AU71972/91A AU7197291A (en) 1986-09-04 1991-02-25 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77334885A 1985-09-06 1985-09-06
US06/903,698 US4702259A (en) 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body

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US77334885A Continuation-In-Part 1985-09-06 1985-09-06

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US4702259A true US4702259A (en) 1987-10-27

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US06/903,698 Expired - Lifetime US4702259A (en) 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body

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US (1) US4702259A (da)
JP (1) JPS63139531A (da)
AU (2) AU612984B2 (da)
CA (2) CA1341509E (da)
DE (1) DE3729321A1 (da)
DK (1) DK169740B1 (da)
FR (1) FR2603700B1 (da)
GB (1) GB2196125B (da)
IT (1) IT1218928B (da)
MX (1) MX168466B (da)
NL (1) NL192869C (da)
SE (1) SE500067C2 (da)
ZA (1) ZA876621B (da)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4926880A (en) * 1988-11-08 1990-05-22 Microcurrents Method for relieving sinus and nasal congestion utilizing microcurrents
WO1996035471A1 (en) 1994-03-21 1996-11-14 Robert Drew Milne Electronic allergo-sensitivity test device
WO1997041774A1 (en) 1996-05-09 1997-11-13 Church Of Spiritual Technology A system for measuring and indicating changes in the resistance of a living body
DE19705735A1 (de) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Inspektion wenigstens eines Antennenzweigs, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug
US6564079B1 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-05-13 Ckm Diagnostics, Inc. Electrode array and skin attachment system for noninvasive nerve location and imaging device
US20060094979A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2006-05-04 Art Haven 9 Co., Ltd. Body impedance measurement apparatus

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3290589A (en) * 1965-06-07 1966-12-06 Lafayette R Hubbard Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
US3924606A (en) * 1973-02-22 1975-12-09 Jose R Silva System and method for monitoring physiological parameters
US3949736A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-04-13 Vyvojova A Provozni Zakladna Vyzkumnych Ustavu Circuit for automatically deriving and measuring relative voltages associated with impedance components of a biological object
US3971365A (en) * 1973-02-12 1976-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Bioelectrical impedance measuring system
US4182314A (en) * 1977-07-11 1980-01-08 Boughton Morris W Multi-channel vascular flow monitoring system
US4459995A (en) * 1979-03-08 1984-07-17 Lafayette R. Hubbard Indicating device for use in a device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4300574A (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-11-17 Frank Zurn Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
DE3017168A1 (de) * 1980-05-05 1981-11-12 Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd., Rehovot Einrichtung zum feststellen von tumoren in lebendem menschlichem brustgewebe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3290589A (en) * 1965-06-07 1966-12-06 Lafayette R Hubbard Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body
US3971365A (en) * 1973-02-12 1976-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Bioelectrical impedance measuring system
US3924606A (en) * 1973-02-22 1975-12-09 Jose R Silva System and method for monitoring physiological parameters
US3949736A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-04-13 Vyvojova A Provozni Zakladna Vyzkumnych Ustavu Circuit for automatically deriving and measuring relative voltages associated with impedance components of a biological object
US4182314A (en) * 1977-07-11 1980-01-08 Boughton Morris W Multi-channel vascular flow monitoring system
US4459995A (en) * 1979-03-08 1984-07-17 Lafayette R. Hubbard Indicating device for use in a device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4926880A (en) * 1988-11-08 1990-05-22 Microcurrents Method for relieving sinus and nasal congestion utilizing microcurrents
WO1996035471A1 (en) 1994-03-21 1996-11-14 Robert Drew Milne Electronic allergo-sensitivity test device
WO1997041774A1 (en) 1996-05-09 1997-11-13 Church Of Spiritual Technology A system for measuring and indicating changes in the resistance of a living body
AU724109B2 (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-09-14 Church Of Spiritual Technology A method and device for measuring and indicating changes in the resistance of a living body
DE19705735A1 (de) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Inspektion wenigstens eines Antennenzweigs, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug
US6564079B1 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-05-13 Ckm Diagnostics, Inc. Electrode array and skin attachment system for noninvasive nerve location and imaging device
US6609018B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-08-19 Ckm Diagnostics, Inc. Electrode array and sensor attachment system for noninvasive nerve location and imaging device
US20060094979A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2006-05-04 Art Haven 9 Co., Ltd. Body impedance measurement apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7197291A (en) 1991-05-16
MX168466B (es) 1993-05-26
SE500067C2 (sv) 1994-04-11
GB2196125B (en) 1990-10-31
CA1341509E (en) 2006-06-20
SE8703378D0 (sv) 1987-09-01
NL8702072A (nl) 1988-04-05
ZA876621B (en) 1989-05-30
SE8703378L (sv) 1988-03-05
GB2196125A (en) 1988-04-20
FR2603700A1 (fr) 1988-03-11
JPH048053B2 (da) 1992-02-13
FR2603700B1 (fr) 1990-03-23
DK169740B1 (da) 1995-02-13
GB8720875D0 (en) 1987-10-14
JPS63139531A (ja) 1988-06-11
NL192869C (nl) 1998-04-02
DK459987D0 (da) 1987-09-03
CA1297165C (en) 1992-03-10
IT8767763A0 (it) 1987-09-04
DE3729321A1 (de) 1988-03-31
IT1218928B (it) 1990-04-24
AU612984B2 (en) 1991-07-25
DK459987A (da) 1988-03-05
NL192869B (nl) 1997-12-01
AU7796487A (en) 1988-04-28

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