US4552076A - Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal - Google Patents

Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal Download PDF

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Publication number
US4552076A
US4552076A US06/673,051 US67305184A US4552076A US 4552076 A US4552076 A US 4552076A US 67305184 A US67305184 A US 67305184A US 4552076 A US4552076 A US 4552076A
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United States
Prior art keywords
load
carrying
pulverized coal
furnace
coal
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/673,051
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English (en)
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Michael S. McCartney
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Priority to US06/673,051 priority Critical patent/US4552076A/en
Assigned to COMBUSTION ENGINEERING, INC. reassignment COMBUSTION ENGINEERING, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MC CARTNEY, MICHAEL S.
Priority to CA000481139A priority patent/CA1243549A/en
Priority to ZA853702A priority patent/ZA853702B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4552076A publication Critical patent/US4552076A/en
Priority to DE19853540248 priority patent/DE3540248A1/de
Priority to JP60257901A priority patent/JPS61122407A/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of coal-fired furnaces and, more particularly, to pulverized coal-fired furnaces designed as direct-fired systems. More specifically, the present invention is directed to the cold start light-off of a pulverized coal-fired furnace supplied with coal from one or more coal drying and pulverizing mills.
  • coal In order to avoid the high cost of oil and gas, electric utilities have increasingly chosen coal as the fuel to fire the furnaces of their steam generating boilers.
  • coal-fired furnaces substantial quantities of oil and gas are often used in starting and warming up the furnace.
  • the coal In a typical coal-fired unit, the coal must be pulverized in a pulverizer, often termed a mill, and fired by heated air before it can be burned in the furnace.
  • the heated air used to dry the coal is supplied by a force draft fan that forces the air through a preheater wherein the air is passed and heat exchange with hot combustion products leaving the furnace.
  • the furnace be already operating in order to dry the coal in the load-carrying mill for the coal to be burned in the furnace. Accordingly, in a typical coal-fired furnace, a relatively large oil burner is started by an igniter and operated for a fairly long period of time to warm up the furnace walls and the heat exchange surfaces of the air preheater. Once the furnace has been brought up to temperature, the load carrying mills can be brought on line and pulverized coal supplied to the furnace and ignited by oil or gas igniters associated with the coal burner.
  • the hot air from the auxiliary direct-fired air heater is mixed with ambient air from the main air preheater and passed to the load carrying mills as the sole source of hot air for drying the coal being pulverized in the mill during startup.
  • the pulverized coal from the load carrying mills is then passed to the furnace and ignited by conventional oil or gas pilot igniters to produce a warm-up flame therein.
  • a further system designed to minimize the use of auxiliary fuel by warming the furnace up on pulverized coal is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,241,673.
  • coal is pulverized and dried when the furnace is in normal operation and stored for subsequent use in a storage bin.
  • the pulverized coal is fed to the furnace from the storage bin, typically in a dense phase stream and ignited in the furnace by auxiliary ignition means.
  • oil or gas igniters may be used for the auxiliary ignition means, it is disclosed therein that an electric spark ignition means is preferred so as to eliminate oil or gas as an auxiliary fuel and the start-up and warm-up of the furnace.
  • a supply of microfine pulverized coal having a mean particle size less than about 10 microns, and preferably about 5 microns is provided for combusting in an auxiliary burner to generate a supply of hot gas.
  • This supply of hot gas generated by the combustion of the microfine pulverized coal is passed to a load-carrying mill for drying and pulverizing coal.
  • the pulverized coal from the load-carrying mill is entrained in the hot gas and passed to a load-carrying burner for introduction into the furnace therethrough.
  • the stream of pulverized coal and gas being directed into the furnace from the load-carrying burner is ignited to establish a flame within the furnace for warming the furnace up.
  • the main air heater can be brought into service and hot air supplied directly to the load-carrying mill from the air heater and the combustion of microfine pulverized coal to generate a hot gas supply terminated.
  • a portion of the microfine pulverized coal may be supplied to and combusted in an igniter burner operatively associated with the load-carrying burner so as to cause the subsequent ignition of the stream of pulverized coal and gas being directed from the load-carrying burner into the furnace, thereby eliminating the necessity of an auxiliary fuel such as oil or gas to supply a pilot igniter.
  • an electrical spark-type igniter may be utilized to ignite the pulverized coal and gas stream being supplied from the load-carrying burner into the furnace.
  • a portion of the microfine pulverized coal may be admixed with the pulverized coal produced in the load-carrying pulverizer prior to directing the resultant mixture into the furnace.
  • the microfine pulverized coal being readily ignitable, will enhance the ignitability of the standard particle size pulverized coal being supplied from the load-carrying mill to the load-carrying burner during start-up and warm-up of the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a typical coal-fired furnace and the load-carrying coal supply system associated therewith;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of such a coal-fired furnace modified to incorporate the start-up coal supply system for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • a furnace 10 having a plurality of burners or coal nozzles 14,16 and 18 disposed in vertically spaced rows with four burners in each row, i.e. with one burner per row mounted in each of the four corners of the furnace, and aimed tangentially to an imaginary circle in the center of the furnace so as to form a rotating vortex flame in accordance with the well known tangentially firing method.
  • raw coal is delivered from a storage silo to the load-carrying pulverizer 20 wherein the coal is ground to pulverized coal and dried by hot air, termed primary air, drawn from the hot air outlet duct 34 of the regenerative air preheater 38 through hot air supply duct 32.
  • the pulverized coal is entrained in the pulverizer 20 in the hot air passing therethrough to dry the coal and is drawn from the pulverizer 20 by exhauster 22 and conveyed through the main fuel pipes 24 to the load-carrying burners 18 for combustion in the furnace 10.
  • a single load-carrying pulverizer 20 will serve all four burners disposed in a single elevation in the four corners of the furnace. Additional pulverizers are typically provided to supply coal to each additional elevation of burners, although it is not uncommon for a single pulverizer to supply all of the burners in two adjacent rows. Therefore, a single load-carrying pulverizer will generally serve a plurality of load-carrying burners ranging from at least two to eight or more.
  • the hot combustion products formed in the furnace 10 leave the furnace 10 through duct 36 to the air preheater 38 wherein the hot combustion products are passed in indirect heat exchange relationship with ambient air being supplied to the air preheater 38 from the force draft fans 42.
  • the cooled combustion products leave the air preheater 38 through duct 40 to a stack (not shown) for venting to the atmosphere.
  • the hot air heated in the air preheater 38 by indirect heat exchange with the hot combustion products leaving the furnace is passed through duct 34 to the furnace windboxes 12 disposed in the four corners of the furnace to supply additional air, termed secondary air, for combustion of the pulverized coal introduced into the furnace 10 through the load-carrying burners.
  • a portion of the hot air leaving the air heater 10 through duct 34 is passed through duct 32 to the load-carrying pulverizers 20 as discussed above to serve as a media for drying the coal being pulverized in the load-carrying mills 20.
  • the combustion products formed in the furnace 10 and flowing through the duct 36 to the air preheater 38 are relatively cool and do not have sufficient heat therein to impart any significant temperature rise to the ambient air being passed through the air preheater 38 by the forced draft fan 42. Therefore, it is customary in typical pulverized coal-fired furnaces to provide one or more auxiliary oil- or gas-fired burners in the corners of the furnace that are operated at start-up and during warm-up of the furnace to provide sufficient combustion products to permit the preheating of air in the air preheater 38 so that sufficient hot air may be available to start the load-carrying mills 20.
  • FIG. 2 there is depicted therein a fuel supply system that permits start-up and warm-up of a typical pulverized coal-fired furnace in accordance with the present invention with pulverized coal rather than an auxiliary fuel such as oil or gas, as the predominant fuel during start-up and warm-up.
  • raw coal in the form of chunks, is fed from the raw coal storage silo 50 via feeder 52 through line 54 to the auxiliary start-up micro-pulverizer 60.
  • the micro-pulverizer 60 is a fluid powered mill of the type well known in the art which is capable of producing a very fine pulverized coal product.
  • Compressed air or pressurized steam 62 would be supplied to the micro pulverizer 60 not only to drive the pulverizer but also to dry the coal being pulverized therein. Therefore, the micro-pulverizer 60 can be utilized to provide pulverized coal on demand at start-up and during warm-up without the air preheater 38 being in service.
  • the compressed air or pressurized steam 62 supplied to the micro-pulverizer could be made available from auxiliary sources commonly existing at steam generating power plants.
  • a first portion 64 of the microfine pulverized coal having a mean particle size of less than about 10 microns supplied from the micro-pulverizer 60 is passed to and combusted within a direct-fired air preheating means to generate a supply of hot gaseous media for drying of coal being pulverized in the load-carrying Pulverizers 20 during start-up and warm-up of the furnace 10.
  • the direct-fired air heater means may comprise any of a number of well known devices such as a direct-fired tubular air heater wherein the microfine pulverized coal is combusted to generate hot combustion products which are passed through a plurality of tubes forming a tube bundle disposed in the air supply duct 32 leading to the mill over which air passing through the duct will pass in indirect heat exchange relationship with the hot combustion products, or a burner, such as duct burner 70 shown in FIG. 2, wherein the microfine pulverized coal is burned directly in the air passing through the air supply duct 32 to generate a hot gaseous mixture of combustion products and air.
  • a direct-fired tubular air heater wherein the microfine pulverized coal is combusted to generate hot combustion products which are passed through a plurality of tubes forming a tube bundle disposed in the air supply duct 32 leading to the mill over which air passing through the duct will pass in indirect heat exchange relationship with the hot combustion products
  • a burner such as duct burner 70 shown in FIG. 2, where
  • the load-carrying mill 20 Upon the establishment of the flow of hot gaseous media to the load-carrying mill 20 generated from the combustion of the microfine pulverized coal supplied on demand from the micro-pulverizer 60, the load-carrying mill 20 is brought into service to supply pulverized coal to the load-carrying burner 14,16 and 18 for start-up of the furnace 10.
  • raw coal is fed from the raw coal storage silo 50 via feeder 52 through line 56 to the load-carrying pulverizer 20.
  • the raw coal is pulverized therein to a particle size of 70% through 200 mesh (i.e.
  • a mean particle size in the range of about 35-40 microns is entrained in the hot gaseous mixture and passed therewith through main fuel lines 24 to the load-carrying burners 18 of the furnace 10.
  • the stream of pulverized coal and gaseous mixture being directed from the load-carrying burners 18 into the furnace 10 is ignited to establish a flame within the furnace.
  • the ignition of the stream of pulverized coal and gas from the burners 18 may be accomplished by the use of either oil or gas fired pilot igniters we11 known in the art.
  • the micro-pulverizer 60 may be removed from service.
  • the oil or gas fired pilot igniters mentioned above may be eliminated and the ignition of the pulverized coal passing into the furnace 10 from the load-carrying burners accomplished through the use of microfine pulverized coal.
  • a second portion 66 of the microfine pulverized coal supplied on demand from the micro pulverizer 60 may be passed to the appropriate coal-fired igniters 92,94,96 operatively associated with the load-carrying burners 14,16 and 18.
  • the microfine pulverized coal would be combusted in the coal-fired igniters 92,94,96 to generate an ignition flame suitable for causing the subsequent ignition of the stream of pulverized coal and gaseous mixture being directed from their associated load-carrying burners into the furnace 10.
  • the microfine pulverized coal will burn rapidly and have a rate of heat release suitable for igniting a much larger particle size pulverized coal produced in the load-carrying pulverizers 20 and being directed into the furnace through the load-carrying burners.
  • the flames associated with each of the load-carrying burners should be sufficiently well established to sustain their own ignition and the supply of microfine coal to the coal-fired igniters could be terminated.
  • micro-pulverizer 60 it may be desirable to maintain the micro-pulverizer 60 in service to continue generating a supply of microfine pulverized coal and continuing the supply of microfine pulverized coal to the coal-fired igniters in order to positively insure ignition stability even though a supply of microfine pulverized coal to the duct burner 70 would be terminated as hot air would now being supplied to the load-carrying mills 20 from the air preheater 38.
  • a third portion 68 of the supply of microfine pulverized coal generated by the micro-pulverizer 60 is mixed with the pulverized coal product of the load-carrying pulverizer 20.
  • the third portion 68 of microfine pulverized coal is passed to mixing means 70 disposed in the main fuel pipe line 24 and mixed therein with the conventional size pulverized coal passing through the line 24 from the load-carrying pulverizer to the load-carrying burners.
  • the addition of the microfine coal to the main fuel stream passing to the load-carrying burners will serve to increase the reactivity of that pulverized coal stream. This, in turn, would enhance the ignitability of the main pulverized coal streams being introduced into the furnace 10 through the load-carrying burners 14,16 and 18.
  • the addition of this microfine coal to the main fuel stream should also enhance the flame stability of the main pulverized coal streams thereby improving the turn-down capabilities of the load-carrying burners.
  • the method of the present invention may apply to any direct-fired pulverized coal-fired furnace wherein a load-carrying pulverizer supplies the pulverized coal entrained in air or other gaseous media to one or more load-carrying burners of the furnace whether they be mounted in the walls of the furnace or in the corners of the furnace as in the tangential firing method.
  • a load-carrying pulverizer supplies the pulverized coal entrained in air or other gaseous media to one or more load-carrying burners of the furnace whether they be mounted in the walls of the furnace or in the corners of the furnace as in the tangential firing method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
US06/673,051 1984-11-19 1984-11-19 Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal Expired - Fee Related US4552076A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/673,051 US4552076A (en) 1984-11-19 1984-11-19 Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal
CA000481139A CA1243549A (en) 1984-11-19 1985-05-09 Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal
ZA853702A ZA853702B (en) 1984-11-19 1985-05-15 Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal
DE19853540248 DE3540248A1 (de) 1984-11-19 1985-11-13 Verfahren zum kaltstart eines mit feinteiliger kohle gefeuerten ofens
JP60257901A JPS61122407A (ja) 1984-11-19 1985-11-19 微粉炭燃焼炉のコールドスタート法

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US06/673,051 US4552076A (en) 1984-11-19 1984-11-19 Coal fired furnace light-off and stabilization using microfine pulverized coal

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US (1) US4552076A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS61122407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1243549A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3540248A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA853702B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (33)

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US4592293A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of controlling an air heater of a coal-fired boiler
US4628830A (en) * 1986-02-07 1986-12-16 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Microwave detection of fuel flow
US4640204A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-02-03 Williams Patent Crusher And Pulverizer Company Fluidized bed combustion apparatus and method of operating same
US4809624A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Shell Oil Company Method for starting up a partial combustion process
US4885999A (en) * 1986-10-18 1989-12-12 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Pulverized coal firing method and equipment therefor
US5363778A (en) * 1993-04-15 1994-11-15 Combustion Engineering, Inc. High efficiency exhauster for a solid fuel pulverizing and firing system
US5685240A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-11-11 Db Riley, Inc. Variable orifice plate for coal pipes
US20040231572A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-11-25 Yoshinori Ohtani Fuel distribution device for fuel feed ducts and method of operating distribution device
US20060102057A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Methods and apparatuses for removing mercury-containing material from emissions of combustion devices, and flue gas and flyash resulting therefrom
RU2281432C2 (ru) * 2004-04-28 2006-08-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Инжиниринговая Компания "Зиомар" Способ подготовки и сжигания твердого топлива и система для его осуществления
US20070186474A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-16 Gas Technology Institute Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into a gas
US20070186472A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-16 Gas Technology Institute Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into synthesis gas
US20080000404A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 Siemens Fuel Gasification Technology Gmbh Method for starting high-performance entrained flow gasification reactors with combination burner and multiple burner array
US20080156236A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-07-03 Osamu Ito Pulverized coal combustion boiler
RU2428632C2 (ru) * 2010-08-31 2011-09-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Энергомашиностроительный Альянс" Способ факельного сжигания пылевидного топлива и устройство для реализации способа
US8124036B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8372362B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-02-12 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US20130040251A1 (en) * 2010-01-22 2013-02-14 Inerco, Ingenieria, Tecnologia Y Consultoria, S.A. System and method for optimising combustion in pulverised solid fuel boilers, and boiler including such a system
US8383071B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2013-02-26 Ada Environmental Solutions, Llc Process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8496894B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-07-30 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US8524179B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2013-09-03 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8784757B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2014-07-22 ADA-ES, Inc. Air treatment process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8883099B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2014-11-11 ADA-ES, Inc. Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery
US8951487B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2015-02-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8974756B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-03-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Process to enhance mixing of dry sorbents and flue gas for air pollution control
US9017452B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2015-04-28 ADA-ES, Inc. System and method for dense phase sorbent injection
US9139788B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2015-09-22 General Electric Company System and method for dry feed gasifier start-up
US9228744B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-01-05 General Electric Company System for gasification fuel injection
US9545604B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2017-01-17 General Electric Company Solids combining system for a solid feedstock
US10350545B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2019-07-16 ADA-ES, Inc. Low pressure drop static mixing system
US10465137B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2019-11-05 Ada Es, Inc. Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers
US10589292B2 (en) 2013-08-16 2020-03-17 ADA-ES, Inc. Method to reduce mercury, acid gas, and particulate emissions
US10767130B2 (en) 2012-08-10 2020-09-08 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions

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RU2202739C2 (ru) * 2000-11-27 2003-04-20 ОАО "Инжиниринговая компания "ЗиОМАР" Способ подготовки и сжигания твердого топлива и системы для его осуществления
RU2200278C2 (ru) * 2001-03-07 2003-03-10 Артемьев Владимир Константинович Способ приготовления пылевидного топлива для сжигания и система приготовления пылевидного топлива
CA3049410A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-12 Fenix Advanced Technologies, Limited Transportable combustible gaseous suspension of solid fuel particles

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Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4592293A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of controlling an air heater of a coal-fired boiler
US4628830A (en) * 1986-02-07 1986-12-16 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Microwave detection of fuel flow
US4640204A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-02-03 Williams Patent Crusher And Pulverizer Company Fluidized bed combustion apparatus and method of operating same
US4885999A (en) * 1986-10-18 1989-12-12 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Pulverized coal firing method and equipment therefor
US4809624A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Shell Oil Company Method for starting up a partial combustion process
US5363778A (en) * 1993-04-15 1994-11-15 Combustion Engineering, Inc. High efficiency exhauster for a solid fuel pulverizing and firing system
US5685240A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-11-11 Db Riley, Inc. Variable orifice plate for coal pipes
US20040231572A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-11-25 Yoshinori Ohtani Fuel distribution device for fuel feed ducts and method of operating distribution device
US6976440B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-12-20 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel distribution device for fuel feed ducts and method of operating distribution device
RU2281432C2 (ru) * 2004-04-28 2006-08-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Инжиниринговая Компания "Зиомар" Способ подготовки и сжигания твердого топлива и система для его осуществления
US7270063B2 (en) * 2004-11-16 2007-09-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Methods and apparatuses for removing mercury-containing material from emissions of combustion devices, and flue gas and flyash resulting therefrom
US20060102057A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Methods and apparatuses for removing mercury-containing material from emissions of combustion devices, and flue gas and flyash resulting therefrom
US8293196B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-10-23 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8124036B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US7736400B2 (en) * 2006-02-14 2010-06-15 Gas Technology Institute Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into a gas
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JPH0156323B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-11-29
ZA853702B (en) 1986-01-29
CA1243549A (en) 1988-10-25
DE3540248A1 (de) 1986-05-28
JPS61122407A (ja) 1986-06-10

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