US4520611A - Structure of multilayered unit for windows - Google Patents

Structure of multilayered unit for windows Download PDF

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Publication number
US4520611A
US4520611A US06/541,474 US54147483A US4520611A US 4520611 A US4520611 A US 4520611A US 54147483 A US54147483 A US 54147483A US 4520611 A US4520611 A US 4520611A
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United States
Prior art keywords
flexible film
film
planar members
stretching
stretching member
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/541,474
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English (en)
Inventor
Tadashi Shingu
Tadakazu Tsutada
Toshio Nishihara
Nobuo Suzuki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1905680A external-priority patent/JPS56120549A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1905580A external-priority patent/JPS56120548A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2730080A external-priority patent/JPS56125248A/ja
Application filed by Teijin Ltd filed Critical Teijin Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4520611A publication Critical patent/US4520611A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/26—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another
    • E06B3/2605—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another with frames permanently mounted behind or within each other, each provided with a pane or screen
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/26—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another
    • E06B3/2605—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another with frames permanently mounted behind or within each other, each provided with a pane or screen
    • E06B2003/261—Frames made of wood

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the structure of a multilayered unit for windows. More specifically, it relates to a multilayered unit for windows which includes a flexible film stretched taut between two planar members.
  • Windows of a multilayered structure have been used in the past to insulate a closed warm or cold space from its environment.
  • the need for such multilayered windows is greater nowadays not only in areas of severe natural environments, but also in areas of relatively mild environments or in environments subject to extensive human influences in various industrial fields.
  • a double window structure in which at least one of the windowpanes is replaced by a plastic material see, for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 86253/77
  • multi-layered window structure in which one of the windowpanes is replaced by a film see, for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 99635/77
  • these window structures give a solution to the problem arising from the weight increase of multilayered windows including glass sheets as windowpanes, they fail to ensure greater heat-insulating effects than the multi-layered glass windows because they do not go beyond changing of the windowpane material.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 99635/77 cited above relates to multilayered window having a different structure from the one in which a flexible film is disposed between two glass sheets, but discloses means for stretching a flexible film taut which consists of a pre-deformed elastic member mounted as a support for the film. It is noted that stretching of the flexible film by the elastic member disclosed in this patent document relies on its elastic property which acts on the surface of the flexible film. Investigations of the present inventors show, however, that such a stretching means is not sufficient to absorb fully heat deformation caused by temperature differences occuring with time after the strectching and to avoid the consequent occurrence of loosening, wrinkling, etc. Loosening, wrinkling, etc.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a multilayered unit for windows and a multilayered window unit which include the aforesaid structure.
  • a multilayered unit for windows comprising a plurality of planar members, a flexible film disposed between, and spaced away from, two of said planar members, and a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the flexible film by imparting thereto a force in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface; said flexible film extending at least over that region of said planar members which forms a window, and the planar members present on at least one side of the flexible film being transparent or semi-transparent.
  • the structure of a multilayered unit for windows in accordance with the invention is characterized by including a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the flexible film by imparting to the flexible film a force tending in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface.
  • a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the flexible film by imparting to the flexible film a force tending in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface.
  • To impart a force in a direction angularly displaced to the surface of the film means that the direction of a force exerted on the film from outside does not exist on the film surface. Accordingly, such a force at least has a vector component in a direction at right angles to the film surface.
  • the planar member denotes a member which extends longitudinally and transversely and has a small thickness for its longitudinal and transverse dimensions but which when fixed at their four peripheral sides, does not easily undergo breakage or deformation.
  • a plate-like member is an example. It may be made of an inorganic or organic material. Preferred materials for the planar member are glass, acrylic resins, vinyl chloride resins and polycarbonate resins. Glass sheets generally have excellent chemical or physical durability, and are used preferably when such properties are required.
  • the planar member used in this invention has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm, more preferably about 1 mm to about 10 mm, especially preferably about 2 mm to about 6 mm.
  • the planar members present on at least one side of the flexible film should be transparent to such an extent that the presence of the flexible film can be viewed and ascertained therethrough. That the planar members are transparent or semi-transparent in this invention means that at least the presence of the flexible film can be viewed and ascertained with the naked eyes through the planar members.
  • the freedom of the flexible film from loosening, wrinkling, etc. can be ascertained on at least one side of the structure of a multilayered unit for windows in the invention.
  • the flexible film denotes a film which extends longitudinally and transversely and has an extremely small thickness for its longitudinal and transverse dimensions, and which is not supported, or upon application of an external force, can be easily changed from its two-dimensional state to a three-dimensional state (e.g., a curved configuration).
  • the term "film” is used in an ordinary sense in this invention.
  • the film has a thickness of 2 to 500 microns, preferably 4 to 200 microns, especially preferably 10 to 100 microns.
  • the flexible film in this invention may be transparent, semi-transparent or non-transparent.
  • Semi-transparent or non-transparent flexible films may be advantageously used when it is not necessary to view an outside object through the multilayered structure of this invention, or when it is desired to prevent viewing of an inside object through the multilayered structure.
  • Transparent flexible films can be used in multilayered structures for windows which permit vision. These films may be colored, or may be a single film or a laminated film produced by laminating such single films. Or the films may be subjected to treatments for imparting the ability to reflect light or heat. Methods for producing such films are well known per se to those skilled in the art.
  • the flexible films used in this invention are preferably produced from materials which consist wholly or basically of polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl halides such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and polyvinylidene fluoride, aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, aromatic polycarbonates derived from bisphenols such as bisphenol A as a diol component, and polyamides such as poly(epsilon-capramide) and polyhexamethylene adipamide.
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
  • polyvinyl halides such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and polyvinylidene fluoride
  • aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
  • the flexible films prepared from materials consisting wholly of the above-exemplified polymers are used after monoaxial or biaxial stretching.
  • a biaxially oriented film of polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyolefin film such as a polypropylene or polyethylene film are advantageously used in this invention because the former has high strength and is readily available, and the latter exhibits unique properties with regard to heat waves.
  • a multilayer unit for windows which comprises two planar members and one flexible film capable of reflecting heat waves disposed between them in spaced-apart relationship.
  • This structure shows equivalent heat wave-shielding property to a quadruple window structure consisting of four glass sheets.
  • a film composed of a flexible film made of such a material as exemplified above and, formed on one or both surfaces thereof, a thin layer of at least one member selected from metal elements, metal alloys and metal oxides or a combination of it with a dielectric material having a high refractive index, can also be used.
  • Examples of the metal elements are gold, silver, copper and aluminum, and examples of the metal alloys are a gold-silver alloy, a silver-copper alloy, a gold-copper alloy, a platinum-silver alloy, a platinum-silver-copper alloy, and a gold-silver-copper alloy.
  • metal oxides examples include indium trioxide (In 2 O 3 ), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), and cadmium tin oxide (Cd 2 SnO 4 ).
  • the dielectric material having a high refractive index is selected from organic or inorganic materials having a refractive index of usually at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.6, more preferably at least 1.8.
  • examples include titanium oxide, poly(meth)acrylonitrile, bismuth oxide, zinc sulfide, tin oxide, indium oxide and zirconium oxide.
  • a flexible film having a thin layer of the metal oxide formed thereon, and a flexible film having a thin layer of the metal and a thin layer of the dielectric material having a high refractive index have the ability to reflect heat waves, and despite having such a thin layer, show good transparency.
  • the thin metal oxide layer preferably has a thickness of about 2000 to about 4000 ⁇ .
  • the thin layer of the metal element preferably has a thickness of about 50 to about 600 ⁇ , especially about 75 to about 200 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the thin layer of the dielectric material is preferably about 40 to about 600 ⁇ , especially about 50 to about 400 ⁇ .
  • a flexible film prepared by forming a thin layer having the ability to reflect heat waves as exemplified above on one surface of a film of a polyolefin, particularly polyethylene or polypropylene heat waves which pass through the film layer of such a material are not absorbed in the film layer but are reflected at the surface of the thin layer to a great extent because the film material has little ability to absorb heat waves, i.e. infrared rays.
  • Such a flexible film consisting of a film of such a material and, formed on one surface thereof, a thin layer having the ability to reflect heat waves shows almost an equivalent ability to reflect heat waves as a flexible film composed of a film of any material and the thin layer formed on both surfaces thereof. It will be readily appreciated that formation of the thin layer only on one surface of the film is advantageous in the forming operation and the performance of the flexible film produced over the formation of the thin layer on both surfaces of the film.
  • Formation of such a thin layer on the flexible film is effected by vacuum deposition method or a sputtering method, etc. Such methods are described, for example, in Thin Film Processes (by J. L. Vossen, W. Kern, Academic Press 1978).
  • a flexible film having a roughened surface and a flexible film having a thin layer of a metal such as aluminum formed on one or both surfaces thereof may also be used. These films have lower heat wave-reflecting ability, but better ability to shield light, than the aforesaid films having a thin film of a metal oxide formed thereon.
  • the multilayered structure for windows in accordance with this invention includes a plurality of the aforesaid planar members and the aforesaid flexible film disposed between, and spaced apart from, two of the planar members.
  • the flexible film may be present in at least one of the spaces formed between any two of a plurality of planar members whose surfaces are normally located substantially parallel to each other.
  • the multilayered structure includes three planar members, the flexible film may be present in both of the spaces formed by the three planar members, or in only one of them.
  • the flexible film should extend at least over that region of the planar members which forms a window because the purpose of providing the flexible film is intrinsically to obtain a heat insulating effect through that region of the planar members which constitutes a window.
  • the planar members present on at least one side of the film should be transparent or semi-transparent. This means that all of the planar members present on one side of the flexible film should be transparent or semi-transparent. When all of the planar members present on both sides of the flexible film are non-transparent, the presence of the flexible film is not perceptible through the planar membranes present on either side, and therefore, there is no significance in stretching the flexible film taut. If all of the planar members present on one side of the flexible film are transparent or semi-transparent, those present on the opposite side of the film may be transparent, semi-transparent or non-transparent.
  • the multilayered unit for windows in accordance with this invention includes a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the flexible film taut.
  • the stretching member stretches the flexible film by imparting thereto a force in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface.
  • the stretching member may be made of an elastic material and therefore can develop elasticity based on the elasticity of the material. Or it may be a member which is made of a substantially non-elastic material but which can develop elasticity owing to its configuration. Such a material and a configuration capable of developing elasticity are well known to those skilled in the art, and will also be apparent from the following description.
  • the stretching member displaces the whole or a part of a primary fixing plane of the flexible film (i.e., that plane of the flexible film which would be defined when it is fixed without using the stretching member) in a direction perpendicular to the film surface.
  • the stretching member imparts a force (pushing or pulling force) tending in direction angularly displaced to the film surface, whereby the film surface is displaced in the perpendicular direction as stated above, and as a result, the film is stretched taut without loosening, wrinkling, etc. Accordingly, the points of contact between the stretching member and the flexible film stretched by the stretching member exist externally of the primary fixing plane of the flexible film.
  • the stretching member is arranged in contact with the four peripheral edges of the flexible film so that a substantially equal force is exerted on the four peripheral edges of the film.
  • the stretching member may be disposed in contact with the entire four peripheral edges of the flexible film, or on two opposite peripheral edges of the film.
  • each of the stretching members may extend along the entire length of one side of the film, or may be cut here and there along the length of one side of the film.
  • the stretching members may be arranged only at the four corners of the flexible film.
  • the flexible film may be fixed so that it is located at a given position relative to the planar members. It may be fixed to a sealing member for sealing two planar members along their entire peripheral edge portion, or to a spacer provided separately from the sealing member for defining a space between two planar members, or to a film support provided separately from the sealing member and or the spacer.
  • the sealing member, spacer or film support for fixing the flexible film are also arranged such that they are located at fixed positions relative to the planar members.
  • the stretching member imparts the aforesaid force to the flexible film fixed at the predetermined position relative to the planar members, thereby stretching the flexible film taut.
  • the stretching member is built in the multilayered unit of this invention so that it displaces the flexible film fixed as above in a direction perpendicular to the primary fixing plane of the film.
  • it can be built in the multilayered unit by securing it to the fixed sealing member, spacer or film support, the planar member, or flexible film.
  • the stretching member is secured to the sealing member, spacer, film support, or planar member, it desirably makes slidable contact with the flexible film.
  • the stretching member is fixed to the flexible film, it desirably makes slidable contact with the planar members.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of one embodiment of the structure of a multilayered unit of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 11 are partial sectional views of other embodiments of the structure of a multilayered unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a side elevation of one example of the stretching member used in this invention.
  • FIG. 13 represents a partial sectional view of one example of the multilayered window unit in accordance with this invention.
  • the structure of a multilayered unit of this invention includes two planar members (e.g., glass sheets) 11 and 11' held at a fixed interval by means of spacers 14 and 14', the entire peripheral edges of the planar members being sealed by a sealing member 13.
  • planar members e.g., glass sheets
  • spacers 14 and 14' the entire peripheral edges of the planar members being sealed by a sealing member 13.
  • a flexible film 12 is fixed, for example, by an adhesive to a spacer 14 and/or a spacer 14' at its surface 16 and/or 16'.
  • the spacers 14 and 14' are fixed to a sealing member, and therefore, the flexible film 12 is fixed so that it occupies a fixed position relative to the planar members 11 and 11'.
  • the reference letter a represents a primary fixing plane of the flexible film 12 which the flexible film would take in the absence of a stretching member 15.
  • the stretching member 15 is bonded, for example, by an adhesive to the spacer 14' and/or the planar member 11' and imparts a force tending to push the flexible film upwardly in FIG. 1 to displace the flexible film from the primary fixing plane a to the plane of the flexible film 12 shown in FIG. 1, thereby stretching it taut.
  • the structure of a multilayered unit in accordance with this invention includes two planar members 11 and 11' spaced apart from each other by spacers 14 and 14' at a fixed distance with their peripheral edge portions being sealed up by a sealing member 13.
  • a stretching member 15 is fitted between the spacers 14 and 14', or is fixed to the spacer 14' by bonding.
  • the flexible film 12 is fixed to a film support 17 by bonding.
  • the film support 17 is engaged with the inside of the spacer 14 so as to permit passage of the flexible film 12 between the spacer 14 and the stretching member 15.
  • the spacers should be made of such a material and have such a configuration which scarcely undergoes deformation in order to maintain a fixed distance between the planar members.
  • the film support 17 may be of any material and configuration.
  • the spacers 14 and 14' are firmly fixed at their outside by a fixing member 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of a multilayered unit of this invention in which a member which develops elasticity owing to its spring-like configuration is used as the stretching member 15.
  • the spring-like elastic member is covered with a cap or the like at the point of contact with the flexible film so as not to damage the film.
  • the reference numerals 19 and 19' respectively represent the site of bonding between the planar member 11 and the spacer member 14 and the site of bonding between the planar member 11' and the spacer member 14', and the reference numeral 20 represents the site of bonding between the flexible film 12 and the film support 17.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the multilayer structure of this invention in which the spacer member 14' has a space inside into which the stretching member 15 is fitted.
  • the spacer member 14' has a space inside into which the stretching member 15 is fitted.
  • no spacer nor film support is used, and the flexible film 12 is directly fixed to the spacer member 14 through the site of bonding 20.
  • FIG. 5 shows a structure in which the spacer members 14 and 14' have spaces opposing each others, and the stretching member 15 is fitted into the space of one spacer member 14'.
  • the stretching member is a hollow cylindrical member made on an elastic material such as rubber, and is shielded over its nearly entire contour by shield portions 21 and 21' of the spacer members 14 and 14'.
  • the shielded stretching member is shielded from sunlight, for example, and is thus protected from light degradation which results in a loss of elasticity.
  • the flexible film 12 is fixed to the spacer member 14 through the bonding site 20, and is stretched by the stretching member 15 by undergoing an upwardly tending force.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a structure in which the stretching member 15 is shielded by shield or portions 21 and 21' as in FIG. 5.
  • the stretching member 15 is a round rod-like member made of a relatively flexible elastic material.
  • the spacer members 14 and 14' respectively have recesses 23 and 23' opposite to the planar members 11 and 11' respectively.
  • Claw-like portions 22 and 22' of the fixing member 18 are fitted into these recesses 23 and 23' respectively.
  • the spacer members 14 and 14' are fixed firmly as a unit by this fixing member.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the structure of the multilayered unit of this invention in which two flexible films exist between two planar members.
  • the two flexible films are disposed apart from each other and from the planar members.
  • the stretching member 15 is located in a space defined by the spacer members 14 and 14' and shielded by the shields 21 and 21' between a flexible film 12 fixed to the spacer member 14 through the site 20 of bonding and a flexible film 12' fixed to the spacer member 14' through the site 20' of bonding.
  • the stretching member 15 stretches the flexible films 12 and 12' by imparting an upwardly directed force to the flexible film 12 and a downwardly directed force to the film 12' in the drawing.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the multilayered structure of this invention in which two flexible films are present between two planar members as in FIG. 7.
  • the spacer consists of members 14, 14' and 14" which are fixed integrally by the fixing member 18.
  • the spacer members 14 and 14' respectively have shield portions 21 and 21', and include stretching members 15 and 15' respectively in spaces formed in the spacer members 14 and 14'.
  • the flexible films 12 and 12' are fixed physically without using an adhesive between the spacer members 14 and 14" and between the spacer members 14'and 14", or are chemically fixed by using an adhesive to any one of these members.
  • the flexible film 12 is subjected to a downwardly directed force by the stretching member 15 and the flexible film 12' is subjected to an upwardly directed force by the stretching member 15' in the drawing.
  • FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the structure of the multilayered unit of this invention in which the spacers 14' and 14' are fixed tightly as an integral unit by means of screws 24 and 25.
  • the screw 25 extends through the spacer member 14' and reaches the spacer member 14, and the screw 24 extends through the space member 14 and is threadably fitted into the screw 25.
  • the spacer members 14 and 14' are fixed integrally by means of a screw 26.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the multi-layer structure of this invention in which a stretching member is formed integrally with a spacer.
  • the spacer portion 14' before being mounted to the structure of this invention, consists of a portion 141 functioning as a spacer, a portion 142 capable of developing elasticity and a portion 143 for transmitting the generated force to the flexible film.
  • the spacer portion 14' may be made of a substantially non-elastic material such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin or a metal.
  • the portion 142 capable of developing elasticity is deformed elastically, and the force generated is transmitted to the flexible film 12 through the portion 143, thereby stretching the flexible film taut.
  • a multilayered unit for windows having the aforesaid structure which comprises planar members, flexible films and stretching members.
  • the multilayered unit for windows in accordance with this invention comprises a plurality of planar members; at least one flexible film disposed between, and spaced from, two of the planar members; a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the film taut by imparting thereto a force in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface; a spacer defining a space formed between opposing planar members; and a sealing member for sealing up spaces formed by the planar members along the entire peripheral edge portions of the planar members.
  • the entire peripheral edge portions of the planar members are sealed up by the sealing member.
  • the spaces formed by two opposing planar members and the flexible film therebetween may, or may not, communicate with each other. Since in the structure of the present invention, the force imparted by the stretching member is angularly displaced with respect to the film surface, it is possible to use a stretching member capable of imparting a greater force to the film than in the case of imparting to the film a force tending in the direction of the film surface. This means that even when a force caused by an external factor such as a rise in temperature is exerted on either surface of the flexible film in the structure in which the aforesaid spaces do not communicate each other, the flexible film can still be maintained taut in resistance to such an external force in accordance with this invention.
  • carbon dioxide, SF 2 , or an inert gas such as argon, krypton or nitrogen may be filled into the spaces sealed up by the sealing member. Filling of argon, krypton, SF 6 or carbon dioxide further improves the heat insulating property of the multilayered window.
  • the sealing member may be made of materials customarily used for multilayered glass windows, such as polysulfide polymers, silicone polymers and butyl rubbers.
  • the spaces in the multilayered structure of this invention may also contain a desiccant such as silica gel and molecular sieves which are customarily used.
  • a multilayered window unit comprising a plurality of planar members supported on window frames, and a flexible film secured to the window frames or the planar members.
  • the multilayered window unit of this invention specifically comprises a plurality of planar members supported on window frames, a flexible film disposed between, and spaced from, two of the planar members, and a stretching member capable of developing elasticity for stretching the flexible film taut by imparting thereto a force in a direction angularly displaced to the film surface.
  • the multilayered window unit has the window frames which are constructed in such a structure that when the unit is mounted on a building, it constitutes a window.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates one example of the multilayered window unit of this invention.
  • planar members 11 and 11' such as transparent glass sheets, are secured to window frames 31 and 31' respectively by means of a putty 30.
  • the multilayered window unit of this invention can be opened and closed by a rotating means 32, and is normally fixed in place by a window frame fixing means 33 and secured to an external frame 34 by a fixing means 35.
  • the clearance between the planar members 11 and 11' is defined by a spacer 14.
  • a flexible film 12 fixed to the window frames 31 by a film fixing means 37 through a film slippage arresting member 36 is stretched taut by a stretching member 15 fixed onto the window frames 31', for example by bonding, which imparts a force tending upwardly in the drawing.
  • the multilayered window unit shown in FIG. 13 is of a so-called linked window type in which the window frames on one side can be opened and closed as required, it will be readily understood that the multi-layered window unit of this invention is not limited to this type alone.
  • the multilayered structures for windows in accordance with this invention including the multilayered unit for windows, and the multilayered window unit) have very good insulating effects, and even when they are used over a long period of time, the flexible films do not get loosened or wrinkled.
  • a multilayered unit for windows in accordance with this invention comprising two sheets of glass and a flexible polypropylene film having a heat wave-reflecting thin layer formed on one surface thereof which is disposed between, and spaced from, the glass sheets has a heat-transfer coefficient (Kcal/m 2 .hr.deg) of less than about 1.5, and particularly less than about 1.2.
  • Kcal/m 2 .hr.deg heat-transfer coefficient
  • the structure of the multilayered unit for windows in accordance with this invention can be advantageously applied to windows in general houses, buildings, vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc. or to viewing windows of refrigerator showcases, showwindows, solar energy heaters, heat-generating units, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
US06/541,474 1980-02-20 1983-10-17 Structure of multilayered unit for windows Expired - Fee Related US4520611A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55-19055 1980-02-20
JP55-19056 1980-02-20
JP1905680A JPS56120549A (en) 1980-02-20 1980-02-20 Double-layer glass
JP1905580A JPS56120548A (en) 1980-02-20 1980-02-20 Double-layer glass
JP2730080A JPS56125248A (en) 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Plural layer glass
JP55-27300 1980-03-06

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06235548 Continuation 1981-02-18

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US4520611A true US4520611A (en) 1985-06-04

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US06/541,474 Expired - Fee Related US4520611A (en) 1980-02-20 1983-10-17 Structure of multilayered unit for windows

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US (1) US4520611A (da)
EP (1) EP0034813B1 (da)
CA (1) CA1170505A (da)
DE (1) DE3172565D1 (da)
DK (1) DK154715C (da)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4649681A (en) * 1986-05-05 1987-03-17 Wayne Eisele Multi-paneled insulative covering
US4796404A (en) * 1982-12-14 1989-01-10 Butler Robert B Light-transmitting thermal barrier
US4813198A (en) * 1986-09-29 1989-03-21 Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Variable solar control window assembly
WO1989006734A1 (en) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-27 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Curved triple-pane glazing
WO1991002133A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-02-21 Southwall Technologies Inc. High performance, thermally insulating multipane glazing structure
US5048258A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-09-17 Paul Grether Window having a tensioned insulation foil
US5237787A (en) * 1990-08-10 1993-08-24 Geilinger Ag Glazing element
US5295292A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-03-22 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Method of making a spacer frame assembly
US5313761A (en) * 1992-01-29 1994-05-24 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Insulating glass unit
EP0613990A1 (en) 1990-09-04 1994-09-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Insulating glazing unit
US5544465A (en) * 1989-08-02 1996-08-13 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Thermally insulating multipane glazing struture
US5655282A (en) * 1990-09-04 1997-08-12 Ppg Industries, Inc. Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same
US5792523A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-08-11 Aga Aktiebolag Krypton gas mixture for insulated windows
US6115989A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-09-12 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-sheet glazing unit and method of making same
US6345485B1 (en) 1998-01-30 2002-02-12 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-sheet glazing unit and method of making same
US20050028458A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Rosskamp Barent A. Integrated window sash with lattice frame and retainer clip
US20050028459A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Crandell Stephen L. Method of making an integrated window sash
US20050028460A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Steffek Cory D. Integrated window sash
US20050034386A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-17 Crandell Stephen L. Integrated window sash with groove for desiccant material
US20070261325A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2007-11-15 Rosskamp Barent A Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20070261358A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2007-11-15 Davis William B Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20090230372A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 C.R. Laurence Company, Inc. Taper lock system
US7827761B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2010-11-09 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US7852996B2 (en) 2001-08-29 2010-12-14 Google Inc. Method and system for providing information for identifying callers based on partial number
US7950194B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2011-05-31 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20110277386A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2011-11-17 Nevins Robert L Tri-vent awning window
US20120148863A1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2012-06-14 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
US20130260062A1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2013-10-03 Southwall Technologies Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
CN106968564A (zh) * 2017-03-27 2017-07-21 伟视幕墙（上海）有限公司 一种双悬膜相变保温中空玻璃
US20230160607A1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2023-05-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid solar window and ir absorbing assemblies
US11879290B2 (en) 2021-02-17 2024-01-23 Vitro Flat Glass Llc Multi-pane insulating glass unit having a rigid frame for a third pane and method of making the same
US12116832B2 (en) 2021-02-17 2024-10-15 Vitro Flat Glass Llc Multi-pane insulated glass unit having a relaxed film forming a third pane and method of making the same

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DE3143541A1 (de) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-19 LSG-Lärmschutz-Gesellscchaft mbH, 4600 Dortmund "mehrscheibenfenster"
GB2138063B (en) * 1983-02-04 1986-04-30 Glaverbel Multiple glazing unit
GB2159201A (en) * 1984-05-23 1985-11-27 Glaverbel Hollow glazing units
CH688059A5 (de) * 1994-07-26 1997-04-30 Matec Holding Ag Isolierverglasung.
DE102009027297A1 (de) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Geze Gmbh Flügel einer Tür, eines Fensters oder dergleichen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Flügels
CN103498622B (zh) * 2013-10-18 2015-06-17 伟视幕墙（上海）有限公司 中空玻璃内悬膜绷膜方法及绷膜框组件
CN105840056B (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-01-04 张叶青 中空玻璃门
CN105840057B (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-03-05 张叶青 一种中空玻璃门

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GB1444250A (en) * 1972-12-23 1976-07-28 Zeiss Stiftung Heat-insulating window assembly
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Cited By (53)

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US4796404A (en) * 1982-12-14 1989-01-10 Butler Robert B Light-transmitting thermal barrier
US4649681A (en) * 1986-05-05 1987-03-17 Wayne Eisele Multi-paneled insulative covering
US4813198A (en) * 1986-09-29 1989-03-21 Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Variable solar control window assembly
US4853264A (en) * 1988-01-14 1989-08-01 Southwall Technologies Curved triple-pane glazing
AU615518B2 (en) * 1988-01-14 1991-10-03 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Curved triple-pane glazing
WO1989006734A1 (en) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-27 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Curved triple-pane glazing
US5048258A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-09-17 Paul Grether Window having a tensioned insulation foil
US5544465A (en) * 1989-08-02 1996-08-13 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Thermally insulating multipane glazing struture
WO1991002133A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-02-21 Southwall Technologies Inc. High performance, thermally insulating multipane glazing structure
US5784853A (en) * 1989-08-02 1998-07-28 Southwall Technologies Inc. Thermally insulating multipane glazing structure
US5237787A (en) * 1990-08-10 1993-08-24 Geilinger Ag Glazing element
US20060150577A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 2006-07-13 Hodek Robert B Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same
EP0613990A1 (en) 1990-09-04 1994-09-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Insulating glazing unit
US6223414B1 (en) 1990-09-04 2001-05-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method of making an insulating unit having a low thermal conducting spacer
US5655282A (en) * 1990-09-04 1997-08-12 Ppg Industries, Inc. Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same
US5675944A (en) * 1990-09-04 1997-10-14 P.P.G. Industries, Inc. Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same
US20040163347A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 2004-08-26 Hodek Robert Barton Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same
US5313761A (en) * 1992-01-29 1994-05-24 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Insulating glass unit
US5678377A (en) * 1992-01-29 1997-10-21 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Insulating glass unit
US5361476A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-11-08 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Method of making a spacer frame assembly
US5295292A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-03-22 Glass Equipment Development, Inc. Method of making a spacer frame assembly
US5792523A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-08-11 Aga Aktiebolag Krypton gas mixture for insulated windows
US6115989A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-09-12 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-sheet glazing unit and method of making same
US6345485B1 (en) 1998-01-30 2002-02-12 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-sheet glazing unit and method of making same
US6715244B2 (en) 1998-01-30 2004-04-06 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-sheet glazing unit and method of making same
US7852996B2 (en) 2001-08-29 2010-12-14 Google Inc. Method and system for providing information for identifying callers based on partial number
US20050028460A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Steffek Cory D. Integrated window sash
US20050034386A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-17 Crandell Stephen L. Integrated window sash with groove for desiccant material
US20050028459A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Crandell Stephen L. Method of making an integrated window sash
US20070261325A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2007-11-15 Rosskamp Barent A Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20070261358A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2007-11-15 Davis William B Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US7490445B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2009-02-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Integrated window sash
US7588653B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2009-09-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method of making an integrated window sash
US7997037B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2011-08-16 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Integrated window sash with groove for desiccant material
US7739851B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2010-06-22 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US7765769B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2010-08-03 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Integrated window sash with lattice frame and retainer clip
US7827761B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2010-11-09 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20050028458A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-10 Rosskamp Barent A. Integrated window sash with lattice frame and retainer clip
US7856791B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2010-12-28 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US7950194B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2011-05-31 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same
US20110277386A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2011-11-17 Nevins Robert L Tri-vent awning window
US20090230372A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 C.R. Laurence Company, Inc. Taper lock system
US8122654B2 (en) * 2008-03-14 2012-02-28 C.R. Laurence Company, Inc. Taper lock system
US20120148863A1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2012-06-14 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
US8530011B2 (en) * 2010-12-13 2013-09-10 Southwall Technologies Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
US20130260062A1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2013-10-03 Southwall Technologies Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
US8728636B2 (en) * 2010-12-13 2014-05-20 Southwall Technologies Inc. Insulating glass unit with crack-resistant low-emissivity suspended film
CN106968564A (zh) * 2017-03-27 2017-07-21 伟视幕墙（上海）有限公司 一种双悬膜相变保温中空玻璃
CN106968564B (zh) * 2017-03-27 2019-01-29 伟视幕墙（上海）有限公司 一种双悬膜相变保温中空玻璃
US20230160607A1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2023-05-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid solar window and ir absorbing assemblies
US12104827B2 (en) * 2020-05-15 2024-10-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid solar window and IR absorbing assemblies
US11879290B2 (en) 2021-02-17 2024-01-23 Vitro Flat Glass Llc Multi-pane insulating glass unit having a rigid frame for a third pane and method of making the same
US12116832B2 (en) 2021-02-17 2024-10-15 Vitro Flat Glass Llc Multi-pane insulated glass unit having a relaxed film forming a third pane and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0034813B1 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0034813A1 (en) 1981-09-02
DE3172565D1 (en) 1985-11-14
DK154715B (da) 1988-12-12
CA1170505A (en) 1984-07-10
DK154715C (da) 1989-05-16
DK74681A (da) 1981-08-21

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