US45107A - Improvement in looms for weaving hair cloth - Google Patents

Description

9 Plates- Plate 1.

I. LINDSLEY'.

LOOM FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH.

Patented Nov.'15,1864:.

9 Plates-Plate 2.

I. LINDSLEY.

LOOM FOR WEAVING HAIRCLOTH. No. 45,107. Patented Nov.15,1864=.

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I. LINDSLEY. LOOM FOR WEAVIN'G mm CLOTH.

Patented Nov.15,1864.

9 Plates- Plate 4-.

1, L-INDSLEY. LOOK FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH.

Patentell'lov. 15, 1864.

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I. LI'NDSLEY. oon FOR wmvme minnows.

Patented Nov. 15, 1864.

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9 Plates-P1ate 6. I. LINDSLEY.

LOOK FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH.

No. 45,107. A Pa. ented Nov.15,1864.

I II

9 P1ates-Plate 7.

I. LINDSLEY.

LOOMFOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH No.- 4 0'7.

Patented Nov. 15,1864.

9 Plates-P1ate 8.

I LINDSLEY LOOM FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH.-

Patented Nov.15,1864.

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' 9 P1ates-P1ate 9. I. LINDSLEY. LOOK FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH. I

Patented Nov. 15, 1864.

4 I Witirvsses: g mlnuerzfior.

looms-for weaving hair-cloth and fabrics, in

thread; and I do hereby declare that the fol- "lowin'gisa full, clear,,and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompany ing drawings and the ictters of tion'.

vs elect a single hair or length of weft from a sert the same-in the open shed of the warp warp,I purpose using that described and set 25,1861, as being tlie 'best device kno nection wit 'ing features of improvement:

' ating the nipper or device used to insert the andalsoin the means employed to reciprocate the said nipper or other device performing its functions in the open sheds of the warp, to

' UNITED STATES ISAAC LINDSLEY, OF NORTH iMPR-QVEMENT m LOOMS FOR PATENT OFFicE.

Rovrnnnon, BHODE Is'Lnno.

WEAVING H IR- CLOTH.

.To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC LINDSLEY, of North Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful improvements in powerwhich the weft is inserted in separate lengths of materialinstead of a continuous yarn or reference marked thereon, making part of this specifica- The invention. hereinafter described presupposes the existence of an automatic mechanical device or serving apparatus which will bunch or mass during a. single bef 't of the, lathe, and hold it in the proper pdsition to be seized by the nipper or device used to inwith a suflieient degree of certainty and prev cision to enable the operation of weaving to' continue uninterruptedly. Several of the improvements constituting this invention, however, are equallyserviceable in case the separateha'irlor length of weft is selected and presented in the requisite position by the human hand. Asa suitable and efiicient serving appatus for thus selecting and presenting the selected hair or length'of the weft tothenipper or other device used to insert the same in'the forth in the schedule attached to Letters Patent of the Unite'd' States No. 1,630, (32,634,) granted to me, the said ISAAGLINDSLEY, June wn tome for that purpose; but any other efficient device may be used instead thereof in conh the improvements herein described. I

My present invention embraces thefollow- First, the construction and method of oper lengths'of weft in the warp in order to insure the certain seizure of thehair without severing, crushing, or'otherwise injuring the same,

avoid undue momentum arising from its rapid .them, that when the end jaw of the ni of escape.

movement to and fro. -'To accomplish the firstof these results, the selecting or serving mechanism is so arranged in relationto the nipper and to the mass of hair or weft, which is suitably held in' position tobe operated upon by p of the hair has been selected from the'mass by the means before mentioned, or its equivalent, and deflected and'heldaside from the mass and directly across the 'pathof thenipper, the nipper shall-grasp the same between the selectingtinstruinentand the mass while thus held, so that the wefts will be'presented with certainty-in the same position successiv'ely. In connection with this, I form one is seized and inelosed beyond theprobability if the jawsof the nipper are closed suddenly upon-the hairwith force the hair is liable to be crushed and severed, and for the purpose of avoiding this difficulty the nipperis first closed sufiiciently to encompass and secure the hair,"and' atthe commencement of the retreating movement of the nipper the jaws are made to close gently upon the hair with suiticient firmness to hold it and draw it from the mass into the shed. And for the accomplish-' ment'of the latter-mentioned resnltl make use of a tough yet light wooden nipper-staff, which is made to slide to and fro in suitable guides formed in the lathe-beam by means of a strap or band passing over a system of fixed and movable pulleys, the latter of which, with the two ends of the said strap or-band, being attached to the loose ends of the'treadle-levers,

which areoperated by revolving cams in the usual. way.

The second feature of myimprovement relatesto the mode of working the heddles or harness, by-means of which the changes of the sheds are .ma'dewithin a short po-rtion of the time required for the cycle of operations of the loom,,for the purpose of giving the nipper and other parts connected therewith ample time and space to'perf'orm their respective functions during the single beat of the the,

and also'to controllingthe changes of the dies or harness by the supply of weft; and it consists-in givin g to the cam-shaft which works the heddles or harness an intermittent revoto the nipper ppcr with two projecting pegs,'jorv.their equivalent-,which enter the opposite jaw thereof in closing, and between which the weft It has been found in practice that hed- 'lution, with arest between the changesof the -sheds,by means of a ratchet, or, its equivalent, having as many teeth or pins as there arepicks in working the round of the; figure, and a pawl; or its equivalent, which will move the.

ratchet'one tooth or pm at each beat of lathe, which pawl is controlled in its' opera-l tion upon the ratchet by v to the shed, so that if.the weft is not supplied to the. shed t-he'pawl failsfto act upon. the ratchet, and the" heddles or harness remains unchanged until the weft is duly supplied,

when thepawl acts apd-wturns the cam-shaft and opens a newshed for the'nextshot of weft The third feature of my improvement relates,

to the manner of operatingthe hed'dles or". I harness'w'hichfo'rms thenselvage in; counec tion with ;the heddles or harnessj that forms the body of the clothto prevent the formation of an overshot of weft of undue length where the body and selvage join-at acertain period in the-round of changesof the heddl'es or harness; and it consists in'so arranging the cams that operate 'the' selva-ge heddles or harness, in combination withp-the" cams that operate the heddles that form the body-of the cloth,- that at each round of the figure'the 'selvage-shed, will be held open during t-wopicks and receive two shots of weft.

The fourth feature of. m'y-impro'vement relates to the mechanism for letting ofl'or deliv erin g the warps and taking up the woven'clo'th as it is produced; and it'consists inso combi-n-JJ;

and a positive "f-l'et-' off? (by which I mean devices that take up and iug a positive take-up.

compensate for or counteract certain difficulties in weaving hair-cloth that I will men tion.

The weft-hairs being moistened when they.

are woven, which moistens the warpsin same degree, and-theselvage being of a different texture from the body of the goods, the anequal shrinkage-of those parts in drying isliable to leave the weft lying in a curved direction across the web, instead of straight. This part of my invention therefore consists in giving a curve or form to the reed so as 'to place the weft inthe cloth with a' curvature just sufficient to counteract the effect of the unequal shrinkage mentioned.- I

The sixth feature. of my improvement re-- lates tothe operation of the automatic serving apparatus used lengths-of "hair or weft and present the same to the nipper, by which they are drawn into the shed, and its purpose is to arrest the op-. eration of the serving mechanism, to prevent the .nipper, from coming in contact with the said mechanism and injuring it and it consists in comthe supply of weft v The seventh.-

L'hair.

me that when thev the hair." Fig. 4 is an endelevation Fig. 5 is afull-s'ize plan of the device Whichfopens the nipper in the act of rele'asin g {the hair when it has been drawn into the same.

, frame of the a to select the separate as it advances to seize the hair,-

,bining with the serving mechanism a detent .or stopv so-arranged as to work in: concert withT-theznipperand ar est the operation of theserving.mechanism in a position out of the wayfof the nipper when it advances to seize. the hair,,and to rele'ase the serving e'chanismfas scones-the selected hair is drawnoift'of theEbunch.

ends ,from interferingwith the. operation of the contiguous parts of the-machine;

: .Toenable others skilled-in the arttomake and use my invention, I will proceed toidescribe the 'constructionand operationof thesamQ by means-'ofithe.accompanying drawings,'in Which' Plate- '1 Figures 1 a1nd 2' are perspective, views of the said hair-cloth general arrangement, of the parts.

Plate II: Figs. 1 and 2are perspective views of the 'said machine, showing the general ar- .rangementof the parts at the reverse end'of' the same;

Plate Ill: Fig. 1' is a perspective View of the said-nipper and the devices by which' it is opened and closed at theproper time, showing thenipper in' the position of seizing the Fig.. "-2 is a perspective view of the samenipper and'devices, showing the former in the position of releasing the hair after haying draw-nit into the warp.

-Plate IV: Fig.1 is'a full-size" plan of said nipper. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section ofthe Fig. 3'. ma full-size plan of the device'which-opens seizingof the sanie, showingfully its construction.

and closes the said n'ip'perin the" actof warp. Fig; 6is an end elevatioii o'fthe-same. pPlate V-z Fig.1, is an end elevation of-the frame of themacliine and of those parts which impart the nip-per for -.the in'sertion: or the weft-in. the Wa reciprocating 'inovement'to the Fig. 2 is a front elevatio'njof the same. Fi 3 represents the nipper in thelact' ofseizing the selected hair as-it. isedeflected and held by the lance k -:for-that purpose.

, Plate VI: Fig. lis-anend elevation ofthe feature .of my improvement consists. in the employment of a suitable Tclipy: ping device,-toclipxthe straggling ends of the" bunch of hair orother'weftfito preventsaid.

machine and 'of those partslooni, showing the which operate and control the action of the several sets ofheddles or harness. 4, 5, and 6 are details, which the description proceeds.

Plate VII: Fig; 1 is a frontelevation'ofthe frame and those parts of the machine which operate and control the selvagewarpsj Figs '2 and 3 are details illustrating the successive changes of the several sets of heddles or harness. Fig. 4. is a'planof a portion of the lathe and of the curved reed R therein.-

Plate VI-II: Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the frame of the machine and of the let-01f Figs. .2, 3, are referred to as and take-up devices, their connections, and the means by which the same are operated.

Fig. 2 'is an elevation of the reverseend of the' same partsand their connections. I

p Plate IX: Figs. 1 and2 represent the device u'scd'to arrest .the operation of the'lance or device used to select the hair orweft' from, .a massat the proper time, as hereinafter specified. Figs. 3 and 4 represent the device used to trim or clip off the projecting ends of the bunch or mass. ofhairwhichmay be partially drawn therefrom by the repeated action of thelance k, or from'any othercause. Similar letters of; reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. Inthe said drawings, B is the frame of the loom, B being thearch from which the several sets of heddles or harness ff f f f g 9 go suspended, as shown in PlatesI, II, and G is the lathe, which receives-its vibrating movement from the'crank b b on each end of the main shaft 1). v v F is the chm-shaft, which is driven with a 'speed of one revolution to two revolutions of the main shaft by means of'the gears on each, Plate II.

O is the yarn-beam, E the cloth-beamall of which parts are of the usual construction.

I will now proceed to describe the nipper I. (Fully shown in Plates III, IV, and V,) Said nipperis constructed, as shown in-Figs. l. and

20f Plate, IV, with two taperingjaws, i 0', one of which,.i", is movable, on the'pi'vot e bythe projection'dthereon, sliding against an inclined surface against the force of the spring b, Plate 1V, Fig. 2. The otherjaw isrigid, and, its shank surrounds and is firmly secured to the wooden nipper-staff J and it will be perceived that the side of' the shank at a is rounded, andthat the end thereof is curved obliquely, as shown, and let intothe wood, and that the corner at .a is coveredand protected by aplate, 0 which construction has been especially devised for the purpose of to the metal shank, from the eontinuous'rapid movements of the Inip'per between the open sheds of the warp, and to prevent the nipper froin catching and breaking the warps in its passage throngh.them. In the-movable'jaw preventing the wood from wearing away next 03 two pegs,. t t, are inserted about half an finch asunder, which pegs enter two cavities in 1- the rigid-jawi', as shown. These pegs serve.

to prevent the selected hair or weft fromescaping after the nipper closes in the act of seizing the same, as will presently beexplained. H and L arethenipper-boxes, which operate and control the movable-jaw of the nipper. The former,- H, consists of a cast-iron shell, Plates III and IV, having arranged upon one side a friction-roller, 2, in a swing-arm, 3, and adjusted to give the requisite opening to the nip-per by the two set-screws 4. Upon the op posite side of said shell is arranged a swinging wedge, It, upon the stud 5, and a set-screw, 6, protruding through from the outside of the shell, with its point next to the head of the said wedge- 'Ihe office of said wedge is to depressthe projection d to open the nipper in the act of seizing the hair, and the'oftice ofthe protruding point of said set-screw is to arrest the completeclosing of the nipper, and thereby prevent the-crushing of the hair thus seized. The nipper-box L serves to open the nipper and release the hair after drawing it fully h through the open shed; and to this end it is provided with a friction-roller, 2, arranged and adjusted in like manner with that just described, and ast-ationary wedge, 7, forming one side of said box. These nipper-boxes are situated on the bed of the lathe in the pathway traversed by the nipper, as shown in Plate V,

Fig. 2, in the proper position with respect to the warp to admit and insure the performance of their respective functions.

The lathe G extends over the frame upon the right-hand side to a sufficient length to accommodate the requisite length of thenipper-staif, Plate V, Fig. 2, and is formed with longitudinal guides s 8, etween which the nipper-stafi slides to and fro, the sliding movement being limited by the block-c on the nipper-stafl' striking against the stops it n on the saidguides; The traversing movement of the nipper-stafl'is effected by means of the strap h,

which is attached to the under side of and di rectly beneath the block 0, and-extends in opposite directions longitudinally, passing over the wheels or in the under side of the lathe,

thence over the two sets of fixed pulleys o o and movable pulleys p p, the latter of which, together with the two ends of said strap, being attached to the ends of the treadle-le'vers R R, swinging vertically in guides j upon a fulcrum on the opposite side of the frame by on the cam-shaft F, Plate V, Fig. l.-

motion derived from the revolving cams r r There are two fixed pulleys o and three fixed pulleyso and two each of the movm ble pulleys pp; and it will be seenthat by means of this arrangement of fixed and movablepulleys the extent of motion of the two tread-l'e-levers is multiplied when transmitted through the strap h to the nipper-stalfifwithout creating any excessive momentum beyond the resistance of the friction produced by the sliding nipper-stafl, and otherwise to suppress and control, and it is this peculiarity of the mechanism which renders'it important-and valuable as a means-for operating the nipperstaft in power-looms for weaving hair-cloth; and it should be here stated that it is found to, be important in practice that the nipperstaff should be as light as possible, and that everything calculated to create undue momentum in the nipper-statl should be avoided.

Havingthus described the construction and "arrangementof the nipper and the appliances p the nipper, asshown in IlateIlI, Fig. 2, and

finto' the warp guntil and is depressed bythe-wedgei, which opens the nipper. and releases the hair, when it is by a continued revolution of the cam-shaftF, Plate V, Fig. 1, in the direction indicated by arrows the cam r depresses the treadle from the bunch B and presented by the lance or selecting-instrument k, in themanner shown 'in Fig. 3, between the pegs 't t, andto grasp the selected hairz between the selecting-instrument and thepoint-s' of its deflectionfrom the bunch,fas shown. The projection d then slides from the head of: the wedge kv and strikes immediately against the 'p'ointof the set-screw 3 6, which is so adj usted'as to permit the movable jaw to inclosethe hairfwithout actually "pressing -it,"when the nipper recedes, and'in so doing the projectiond slides off the-point of the set-screw; thereby causing the nipper to ;seize theihair swin gs aside, and the hair thus'seize'd is drawn the projection'd meets beaten up by the reed in the usual way. 1' tis obyiousthat if the'nippers should be closed upon the hair violentlywith-the full force of--the spring that; shutsthamovable jaw 'th'ehair would be crushed and, severed;

zan'fd it is for the purposeo'f avoiding this casualtyi that then ipper. is first-closed suflicien tfly 'to encornpassand secure thefl-hair' within.

its grasp, andflwith the retreating movement of the nipper the restraint vbeforeji nriposed upon-"the spring which closes the nipper' is re moved,'which iermits .the hair-to be gently and yet ,firm'ly warp Although nippers of various constructions .have been heretofore tried for the purpose of weaving detached wefts, I am notaware that a. similar mode of operation has ever before been employed to render the nipper eifective, .and this mode-"is therefore claimed as one feature ot improvement in myginvention."

I will next proceed'to. describe that part of my invention which relates. to the method of opera ting and controlling the action ...of the heddles orh'arne'ss, in doing which ,"reference} Will be had 120 Plates I, II, 'VI,,,an'd VII, in which f f f 1 f? heddles,.are more partic a y describedunder l th ead:

Hair-cloth is commonly woven 'wnhfn'v' sheds, and there are five hedd les,reach of whifch opens a distinct shed in regular succession. 'llhese hedjdles are operated-by'the'fle .vers N N? N NNi, fulcrum-pin 9, andthecams V VZ'V? V V being connected with both-ends of the said levers by suitable bands passingover the pill shown in Fig. 1.

firmly. flhe wedge 70 then cams in hair-cloth looms,

seized and drawn .in to the of the main shaft 9 are the he'ddles o used for the purpose, harness. 'The latter, g4 g beingQthe ,selvage swingrng'on the common leys l l in the arch B" aboive and corresponding pulleys, .P F attached to the cross-pieces B B beneath the heddles, as shown in Plate v The levers N and camsfV are formed as shown in Plate VI, Fig. 6,-j and I, Figs. 1 and 2.

the. cams are arranged on the camshaft w, as Each cam has a projection, a on one side of its periphery, which, in re-- volving in the directi n indic ted bythe arrow, slides against the inclined surface n of the lever N, and swings the upper end of the same to the position shown in dottedlines to raise one leaf. of -the heddles; and the rounded corner of the cam at l slides against the inclined surface a of the lever N, and-returns the opposite end of thesame to the positioninwhich it is shown. .The said cams are arranged onthe cam-shaft a: with respect vto each other'in the .order required for opening the sheds in their proper order, and the action of each cam to impart the requisite movement to its lever is produced bfone-fifth of arevolution of the'ca'm-shaft w.

' The arrangement of cams and levers above described by'themselve's form no part of my invention, the same having been previously used inlooms forweaving woolen and other fabrics, but in everyinstance within my knowledge the cam-shaft as has been revolved continuously, and'although .this mode ofi revolving the saidcams is without objection in looms using a continuous weft inserted with. each to and fro movement of a shuttle, it is uhsuitable as a-mea'ns for operating the same wherein two movements of the nipper or device which performs .the functions-of ,a shuttle are necessary for the insertion of one length of weft,in'. consequenceof which it is especially necessary to open and close the successive sheds with at least twice the, rapidity required in using a Shuttle and acontinuous weft.. To accomplish this purpose I employ-a cam, j on the 'main shaft D as the source of motion, which, with about one-third of a revolution,

imparts a suflicient-reciprocating movement to a swinging pawl, w, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5,

. Plate VI, engaging with one of five pins, 3 3

&c., of the ratchet-wheel X on the camshaft m, to turn said shaft and cams one-fifth of arevolutfion, and thereby open the successive sheds one-third of a revolution D, and one-third of a full beat of the lathe, or in one-sixth of the time occupied by the arrangement heretofore supposing the gears which drive the cam-shaftw-to be of equal of the warp with size.

.- The operation o'f'theheddlesfl f 3 fif is'controlled in a manner to make the opening of each"su cceeding shed dependent on the seizure and insertion of a weft inthe precedingone-by means of the drop-wire a", which engages with the upright arm e" on the lever with a positive site end, the incline surface of whlehilslldlng against the stud l in the orig W 0ft 0 rocking shaft 11, imparts thereto a suiilcicnt rocking movement to cause the arm h= to with,

draw the pawl w from engaging \ith the pins 3/ y,'&-c., when the said wedge s raised, as

shown in F1 g. 3, Plate Vi) and to allow the said pawl to engage with the pins 3 y, &c., when the said wedge is depressed, as shown in Figs. 2 audit. The first condition of the saiddrop-wire a, arm e, leverm cam i wedge b?,;arms W and. h on the rocking shaft, and the pawl to being fully shown in"Plate VI,. Fig. 1, and Plate I, Fig. 2, the relative position of the wedge. b and latter-mentioned parts with the pins and ratchet-Wheel being fully shown in Fig. 3, in which it will be seen thatthe fall of the drop-wire a into the position shown in Fig, 1 causes the pointed end of its lever to catch the end of the arm of of the lever m when it is released by the came", and returns by the action of the spring'o, in consequence of which-the wedge is held in the positiou'shown in Fig. 3, swinging the rock-"' 'ing arms W and k into the position shown,

the latter withdrawing thepawl w from engaging with the pin 3 ,thus causing the ratchet-wheel X ap'd cams V V, &c., .to re-- main wholly disconnected from the source of motion by which thesame are actuated, and the heddles remain at rest and unchanged.

I The second condition of the drop-wire a and its connections, which results from the seizure and drawing of the weft into-theopen:

shed, is fully shown in Elate I, Fig. l, and Plate VI, Figs. 2 and 4.' Inthis case the drawing of the weft past the wire a causes theweft to trip and lift the drop-wired with the return beat of the lathe, thereby preventi'ngthe end of the drop-wire lever from catch-- being fully illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of Plate VII 7 In Figs. '1 and 2,-gfg are the sewage-heddles, which are suspended by suitable bands, 1 1 from the opposite sides of the rolls S S, so that when one of the said 'heddles, 9 is elevated, the'other, g, is depressedjn the usual way." Theheddles are connected by suitable bands, l l, to the levers no, swinging on the common fulcrum u, by motion imparted from the cams r r r r of the cam-wheel M on the cam-shaft 00, which depress the levers v v and their respective heddles alternately, as shown in the several changes of the diagram, Fig.2,

thereby forming the selvage of plain cloth,

which has the cream bind the. ends'of the weft more closely and flrmly than in the body of the fabric, which is required in hair-cloth and similar fabrics .to give permanence and stability to the goods, and to fasten the s me by when'used for upholstery purposes.

The difference between, the length of the sewage-loops S. and those ofv the body of the cloth is fully shown.in Fig. 3, in which'the loops ofhair are represented by black lines, and the divided threads of the warp are represented in red lines; and it will be perceived that in the selyage the hair passes over one warp-thread and under. the.

next, while the hair or weft in the body of the cloth passes over four warp-threads and under one thread, then over four other threads, and. so on, a different combination of four warpthreadsbeing bound in one loop with each of the five changes. produced by the heddles. In repeating these changes, owing to the difference in the number of threads forming the short loops of the selvage and the long loops of thebody of .the fabric, the weft inserted with the first of ,the series of changes conibines six warp-threads instead of four in one loop next to the selvage, thereby forming a loop of excessive length, and giving an uneven and imperfect appearance to the fabric, to avoid which is the object of this feature of improvement in my invention; and although I am aware that hair-clothhas heretofore been woven in hand-looms without this imperfec,

tion'by means of a peculiar mounting-of the harness and working of the heddles,.I am not aware that by any automatic or self-operating means the said imperfection has been avoided.

This desirable result is accomplished by the arrangement of the cams? r r 1' in the't'ollowing manner:

The cam-wheel M makes one-fifthyofa revolution with, each intermittent rotation of the cam-shaft w, as aboveexplained, and the cams r r r 4* each occupy a position onefifth of the circumference asunder. The cam r occupies a space equal to that of two of the other camsand the intervening space, and is,'1 n fact, two cams united in one, so (that there are actually five cams, which I will-distinguish .by the figures 1 2 3 4, 5 in red, which pro duce the successive i-chang'es of the selvageheddles in the order represented in Fig. 2 with reference toythe other heddles, and as represented in Fig. 3 vwith refereuceto the succeeding sheds of the warp, to wit: Cam 1 '(red) produces the firstchange of the selvage-heddles, as shown in Fig. 2, and the hair 0I.'W6fl) is inserted in the shed,. as-'shown in the first change, Fig. 3; cam 2 produces the second change, as represented; cam 3, the third change; cam 4, the'fourth chauge-,-and cam 5 the fifth change,,an d last of the series.

With the next rotating movement of the cam-wheel M the first change is repeated; but as cam 5 and cam Iconstitute one cam, r, instead of opening the alternate selvage shed, no change takes place,- and a second the body of the cloth would contain six forms one feature of improvement in my inwillbe had to Plates II and VIl'I. In these 'taneously-in the same direction with an equal hair is inserted therein, as shown by the diagrams of the two first changesin Fig. 3. If, on the contrary, the alternates selvage-shed was opened with the'repetition of the first change, the first selvage-thread would be one of the upper warps, the weftwould be inserted beneath it, and the adjoining loop, 2, in

threads instead of four, and thus create the imperfection above described. As'a self-opcrating means, therefore, for ope ating and controling the selvge-threadsand the. warp, the arrangement of the cams r r r r, or the equivalent thereof, to effect this purpose vention.

I will next proceedto describe that feature of improvement which relates to the combination and arrangement of the let-01f and take-up mechanisms and-the devices that actuate the same, in doing-which reference plates, 0 is the yarn-beam, P P 'are the press lire-rollers of the let-oft- A is the breastbeam, Q Q are the pressure-rollers of the take-up, andEis thecloth-beam. The warp K passes from the yarn beam Caround and between the let-ofl rollers P P, thence in the direction indicated by the afrows-through the hed-dles and reed and over the breastbeam A, thence around and between the take-up rollers Q Q, and is finally wound upon the cloth-beam E. The said warp is pinched be.- tween the let-off rollers by means of the set-screw 3 in the upper. end of the lever 4, in which the roller P has a bearing at-each end, as shown in Fig. 2 of the said plates. The

cloth K is also punched between the take up rollers Q Q by-means of the lever as? and the force of the spring f applied to the end thereof, which is exerted on the bearing at each end of the roller Q, as shownI In addition to this, the warp and cloth are so wrapped around the said roller that any revolution thereof imparts to the warp a corresponding progressive movement. The two rollers P and Q are connected and made to revolve simulspeed by means of two equal pairs of bevelgears, k" k, and thecross-shaft 10, extending at right angles with the axis of said rollers at one end thereof.

The circumference of the take-up roller Q exceeds that of the let-off roller P aboutthree' sixteenths of an inch, to compensate for the. stretching or yielding of the warp produced by the repeated beating of the lathe, and the surface of said take-up roller is coated with coarse emery or sand, to render its action positive upon the cloth. The two mechanisms being connected by the cross-shaft 10, as above described, they are both revolved with an equal intermittent movement in the same direction by means of theactnating device, consistin g of the WOIllLgBftI F on the shaft of the let-oft roller P, and the worm t on the upright shaft 1 2, the ratchet-wheel mi, and the pawl 14, the latter nioving with the swinging 'a-rln g",-which is connected by the rod to the sword g of the lahe, the source of motion, as shown; and the several parts of the actuating device beingthus arranged with each beat of the lathe, the pawl 14 turns the wheel m and its shaft 12 to the extent of one togth (there being generally from twentyeight to thirty-six teeth in said wheel, according to the number of wefts pntintoan inch slack place in thegoods at the point where the supply of weft failed. To prevent this re- I sult, the pawl 14 is connected by the rod 16 to the arm 17 upon the rocking shaft n, the operations of which are controlled by the weft stopmotion, as before described, so that when the weft fails to be supplied to the shed the turning of the shaft a to arrest the operation of the heddles or harness also raises the pawl 14 from the ratchet-wheel m and arrests the operation of the let-off and the take-up, until by the proper supply of weft, as before described, the movement of the shaft n is reversed and the pawl 14 is lowered upon the ratchet-wheel m and its regular-operation is resumed. By this means it will be seen that, dependent upon the failure or the supply of weft, all the operations of the warps are simultaneously and automatically suspended or resumed, which mode of operation also constitutes one feature of improvement in my invention.

To provide for a disconnection of the take- I up rollers from the let-off rollers for removing the woven fabric from the loom, or for -any other purpose, I form one bearing of the cross-' shaft 10 in the lever 15, which swings on the stud t on the frame, and is held in the position necessary for the meshing of the two bevel-gears k by means of the pin 0 passing through'the frame. The take-up rollers may be revolved by hand by means of the hand-wheel U and their revolutions are transmitted to the cloth-beam E by means of the crossed belt or band passing around said beam and the roller- P, as shown in Plates I and II, Fig. 2, to wind the cloth as it is woven or unwind the same, when desired.

I will next proceed to describe that feature of improvement which relates to the shaping of the reed or sley to counteract the eflect-s of shrinkage by the drying of the web after it is woven, in, doing. which reference will be had to Plate II, Fig. 2, and Plate VII, Fig. 4.

In the selvage of hair-cloth the hair is of necessity bound more closely andrigidly than in the bodyof the fabric, and the hair which l we is previously moistened to prepare it for weavand it is the object of this feature of my in-.

vention to avoid this difficulty, to accomplish which I curve the reed R in, as nearly as possible, the form in which the lengths of weft are curved by the shrinkage, as before oxplained except that the reed is curvedinthe opposite direction, as shown in Plate ll, Fig. 2,-and Plate VII, Fig. 4, by which means the moist hair or weft is inserted and beat up in the form of a curve, so that by the shrinkage, which would otherwise curve the. weft, it is left straight and at right angles with the warp. The reed isheld in the requisite curved posi tion by means of a former, a", of wood, placed between the reed and the straight edge of the groove 2 in the lathe and the binder f, which is set up against the reed by means of the two bolts therein, as shown I will next proceed to describe that feature of improvement which relatesto the means employed to arrest the .operation of the instruinent usedlto select the lengths of hair or other'weft froma mass when the-nipper advances to seize it, the same being sufficiently illustrated by Figs. '1 and 2 of Plate .In said figures, A is a metalplate, which is secured to -a metal plate, Y, extending from the left end of the'lathe-beam G, as shown iii-the several figures. A stand, D is fastened upon the metal plate A, in the upper parteof which are formed suitable bearings-for the-shaft a, which is revolved by means of the grooved pulley b and a band thereon connecting with another pulley suitably arranged on some revolving part of the machine. The

shaft a imparts a vertical reciprocating movement to the instrument, which selects the lengths of .weft from the bunch at the proper time, as'hereinbefore related, and to provide for the failure of the said instrument to select.

a hair or length of weft in its first effort to do so the movement is repeated until a hair is selected. Should this movement, however, continue after the nipper advances to seize the hair, the nipper would-be liable to strike against theglance and break it and its appendages. To prevent this casualty, I arrange onthe stand D a lever or pawl, T which is thrown up into an engagement with the notcheddiskc on the shaft a by means of the rod 8 and. lever r which han gs upon the lathe, the outer end of which is depressed by passing beueaththe stationary incline 1 when the lathe swings back,- as is shown in Fig. 1, thereby arresting the further revolution of the shaft 0. and holdingthe selecting-instruinent up out of the way until the nipper completes its strokeand is withdrawn. The pawl T is disengaged from the shaft 0 by means of the -finger g, which isembraced by the forked piece t, which has a sliding movement parallel to the axis of the shaft a imparted to it by a stationary incline upon the frame, against which the sliding rod or bar '0, that carries the forked piece t, impinges as the lathe swings 'orward, as is shown in Fig. 2, or by any other. suitable device, by which means the pawl T is pushed aside from the notch of the disk, when the spring f restores the lever r and the pawl T to the position shown in Fig.2. In practice I have operated this stop by connecting it with the stop of the serving-instrument,

constructed substantially as described in .the aforesaid Letters Patent No. 1,630, and have effected the disengagement of the pawl '1 by mountingthe for edfpiece t upon the sliding rod marked 0 in Fig. 6 of the drawings of said patent the movement ofwhich suffices for both purposes. This stop, arranged to operate substantially in the manner specified, is necessary for the successfulco-operation of theselectinginstrument and nipper when arranged as before described, and is therefore claimed as one feature of improvement in my inven tion. Iwill next proceedto describe that feature of improvement which relates to the means employed to trimoff the straggling ends of hair which are partiallydrawn fronrthe bunch or mass by reason of the repeated. selectioiis made therefrom, in doing which Ishall refer to Figs. 1, 2, 3,"and 40f; Plate IX. 7111 Fig. 3'

of said plate, B is the endof the bunch of hair or weft, the same being confined beneath the clasp H and b I) represent. straggling hairs which have been partiallydrawn out by the other hair which has been drawn from thebuuch by the nipper. Those straggling ends of hair protrude through the spaces between the series of cutting-blades w -ofthe plate U, and they are clipped off by means of the sliding blade E on the sliding plate 6 the extreme end of which strikes against the post on the frame B, Fig.2, with theforward stroke of the lathe, and slides theblade E past the hooked edges of the blade 20 thereby cutting offthe protruding ends of the hairs. The sliding blade is returned withthe nextflbackward stroke of the'lathe by means of the rod 20, secured to the said sliding plate, the end of which strikes against the some convenient part of the frame of the machine, and'slides the plate and blade h back preparatory ,to repeating itscutting-stroke, as shown in Fig. 1. This device prevents the straggling ends of the weft from being accidentally caught, between the jaws of the nipper and from embarrassing the action of the more delicate selecting mechanism, and is therefore important, and is olaiuledas one feature of improvement in my invention.

Havingt'hus described my invention, I would not be understood as restricting myself to the particular construction and arrangement herein setforth and described, as I claim all modifications in which the same mode of operation is performed by equivalent means.

I claim- 1. So combining and arranging the selecting or serving instrument and the nippcr and the mass of weft presented thereto, as described, that the end of the weft that has been selected will be deflected and held aside from substantially as described, to effect the purpose specified.

3. The mode of operation, substantially as specified, by which the nipper is first closed sufficiently to encompass and secure the hair or weft, and at the commencement of its retreatin g movement the jaws are made to close gently upon the hair or weft with suflicient force to hold the same and draw it from the mass into the open shed, substantially as described. 4. The employment of two sets of fixed and movable pullcys,0 0(1) 1;,01 their equivalent, in combination with the treadle-levers R R and a suitable strap or band connecting with the nipper-stafi, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

5. Giving to the cam-shaft, or its equivalent, that works the heddles or harness an intermittent rotation at each change of the shed by means of a ratchet and pawl or other suitable devices, whose operation upon thecam-shaft is made to depend upon the supply of weft to the shed.

6. The arrangement of the cams 1" r r r, or their equivalent, which operate the selvage heddles or harness, substantially as and to efibet the purpose specified.

7. Combining a positive take up and a positive lu-oif with tle devicrs that actuate the same, so that when the weft fails to be supplied to the shed their operation will be arrested and will be resumed when the weft is duly supplied.

8. I do not claim theuse of a waved reed for giving a permanent waved form to the weft; but I do cla-im placing theweft in the cloth by means of the curved reed or otherwise in such a position as will counteract the eit'ect of the unequal shrinkage of the parts,

substahtiall y as described.

9. Combining with the automatic serving mechanism a detent or stop, so arranged as to work in concert with the nipper and arrest the operation of the serving mechanism when in a position to be out of the way of the nipper as it advances to seize the weft, and to release the serving mechanism after the nipper has retired, substantially-as described.

'10. In combination with the mechanism which supplies the weft to the nipper, or its equivalent, the employment of a clipping'or shearing device, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

r'sAAc LINDsLEYQ Witnesses:

ISAAC A. BRoWNELL, GEORGE G. PHILLIPS.

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