US400260A - Chenille - Google Patents

Description

i8 Sheets-Sheet .1.

H. SKINNER 8v E. TYMESON. LooM POR WBAVING GHBNILLB, am. i l

\ Patented Mar. ,26.1889.v

(No Model.)

N. PETERS Phawlithognpher. washinglon. D. CA

(No Model.)I 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H'. SK1NNER.& E.,TY1VIESON. l LOOM POR WBAVING GHBNILLE, @Le

, No. 400.260. PatentedhMa'r. 26,-.18.89.

- .INI/501?" WITNESSES N4 PETERS. Phulo-lhhagnpher. Wzihiuginn. D. C.

(No Model.) f .s sneetwsneet 4.' H. SKINNER & E. TYMESON. LOOM FOR WEAVING-GHBNILLB, @my l No. 400,260.v Patented Mar. 26, 1889.--

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' 8 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Mode-1.)

H. SKINNER 8v E. TYMESON. LOGM FOR WBAVING GHBNILLE, &G.

Patented Mar. 26,

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M. W f

(No Model.) I s sheetsfsheet 7.

H. SKINNER 8v E. TYMESON. LOOM POR WBAVING GHENILLE, zo

No. 400,200. Patenteamar. 26, 1880.

' WIT NESSES 8 Sheets-Sheet 8.

(No Model.) 1

' H. SKINNER 8v E. TYMESON.

LOOM FOR WEAVING GEENILLB, am. No. 400,260, Patented Mar. 26;, @889.

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N. PETERS. PMw-Liihogmpher, Wnshingtnn. D. C.

UNITED STATES h ATENT OFFICE.

HALCYON SKINNER AND EUGENE TYMESON, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO THE ALEXANDER SMITH da SONS CARPET COMPANY,

OF SAME PLACE.

LOOM FOR WEAVING CHENILLE, 84C,

SPECIFICATION arming part of Letters Patent No. 400,260, dated March 26,18539;

Application tiled February 7, 1887. Serial No. 226,837. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit lz'gnown that We, HALCYON SKINNER and EUGENE TYMEsoN, both of Yonkers, in the county of "Westchester and State of New York, have jointly made an invention of certain new and useful Improvements in Looms for Weaving Chenille and for other Purposes; and we do hereby declare that the following, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description and specilication of the same.

The object of the invention is more particularly to enable the chenille or fur which is used in the manufacture of chenille carpets to be Woven with facility and rapidity by power; but the invention is applicable to the weaving of other articles or goods.

It has been customary to weave chenille in a series of laterally-connected strips or strands constituting a broad web of fabric, which is subsequently cut longitudinally into separate strips, each of which constitutes a strand of chenille or fur which is used as filling in the weaving of a chenille fabric, and this practice is followed with the mechanism which we are about to describe.

ln order that a pattern maybe produced in the chenille carpet or other fabric, the coloror shade of the chenille is varied in the operation of weaving it by the employment of yarns of the required different colors or shades. These yarns constitute the filling of the web in the weaving of the chenille, and they are tied together by warp-threads; and when the strands are cut apart and Woven into the carpet or other chenille fabric the colored yarns of the fur form the pile of the fabric. Then the web is cut longitudinally, each strip or strand of chenille consists of a set of warpthreads with the filling of colored yarns, and in the operation of weaving the web of chenille the adjacent. sets of warp-threads are separated by spaces, so that the portions of the filling-yarns extending between the adjacent sets are as long when cut in two crosswise as is required to form the pile of the chenille strands.

The general mode of operation of our 1nvention is that the different varieties of colored yarns required for the weaving of the chenille are wound in cops or in balls, and are held in a shift-ing yarn-holder having as many yarn cases or divisions as there are varieties of yarns required for the chenille, and as each shade or color of yarn is required in weaving the yarn case -containing it is placed opposite the position for weaving by shifting the yarn-holder, after which the yarn from that case is drawn across the loom and is interwoven with the warp-threads. By operating in this manner a large number of colors or shades of yarn can be held ina comparatively small space, and the employment of a largenumber of shuttles (one for each shade or color of yarn) is dispensed with. After a yarn is drawn across the loom the portion of it required for the web is cut loose from the residue in the yarn-holder, so that the latter is left free to be turned to place the next required cop of yarn in the position for weaving; and in order that the selvage at the opposite side of the web may be even, whatever surplus yarn may project beyond the proper line is cut off.

Our invention consists of certain mechanical devices and combinations by which the above mode of operation is worked out, and which are set forth in the claims at the close of this specification. In order that these may be fully understood, we have represented in the accompanying drawings, and will proceed to describe, the best form aof loom which we have thus far devised to embody our invention, it being understood that the mechanism may be varied as circumstances or the views ot' different constructors or users render expedient, and that our combinations are not restricted to the peculiarities of the combining devices or power-transmitting mechanism by means of which the members are combined and caused to operate in the required order.

Figure l of the said drawings v represents a front view of the said loom. Fig. 2 represents the right-hand side of the loom; Fig. 3 represents the left-hand side of the loom. Fig. 4 represents a fractional plan of the loom. Fig. 5 is a section of parts of the loom, showing more particularly the inner end of t-he yarn-holder and the yarn-cuttin g mechanism. Fig. G is a detached view of the yarn-tension. Figs. 7 and 8 are transverse sections of parts of t-he loom, showing different positions of the heddles and their appurtenances. Fig. 0 is a view of parts of the wire (loup-heddles, en-

larged as compared with Figs. 7 and 8. Fig.

1() is a transverse section of parts of the loom, showing more particularly the lay mechanism and selvage-shears. Fig. 11. is a front viewof the nippers-opener, and Fig. 12 is an end view thereof. Fig. 13 is a section of one of the yarncases of the yarnwholder with its yarn-tube. Figs. 14, 15, and 1G are views of the yarndrawer for drawing the yarn across the loom. Figs. 17, 18, 10, and 20 are views showing the nippers in different positions, as hereinafter more particularly described.

In consequence of the small scale upon which drawings for patents have to be made each set of warp-threads for a strand of chenille is represented by a single line in Figs. 4,1218, 1f), and 2O of the said drawings. The dents of the reed and the heddles, also, are represented as less numerous than they are in the workingdoom.

The various moving parts of the loom are connected and combined by the main frame A, and we prefer to effect the movements of the moving devices in some cases by means of cams alone and in others by means of cams and springs operating aiitagonistically, the motion bei-ng transmitted to the working members by means of levers and rods or straps. The cams are secured to the canishaft B, which is mounted in bearings upon the main frame, and is connected by a cogwheel, o, and pinionb with the driving-shaft Q3', to which the power is applied in the customary manner by a belt and pulleys. Each strip of chenille in the present case has a set of six warp-threads; and in order that raveling may be prevented after the web cu't up into strands two warptlneads of each sct (one at cach side of the set) are shifted or twined alternately inside and outside or right and left of the respective next adjacent two warp-threads of the set, as is practiced in what is called gauze-weaving, these twined warpthreads being operated for this purpose by means of doup-heddles. In consequence of this l mode of operation a longer length of the twined warp'threads of each t et is used up in weaving' than of the other warp-threads; hcneethe warpthreads are wound upon two warp-beamsthe one C for the twined er doup warp-threads of each set and the other warp-beam, C', for the remaining four warp-threads of each set. These warp-beams are fitted, in practice, wit-h the usual face or brake to prevent the warp from coming olf too freely, which fittings, being well known, are not represented, to avoid complexity. The warp-threads from the warpbeams are conducted over whiprolls D D', through the frames of heddles E E F2, and through the reed F of the lay F, over the breast-beam G to the cloth-roll H,

which is provided in practice with the usual take-up, which, being well-known, is not represented in the drawings.

The mode of operating the heddles will be i described hereinafter. The colored yarns which form the filling of the fabricare wound in cops or balls, cops being preferred, and arc held at one side of the loom (in this case the left-hand side thereof) in the shifting yarnholder I. Each yarn as required for weaving is drawn across the loom by means of a recipe rocatingl yarn-drawing device, J, which seizes the end of the yarn projecting from the yarnholder, draws the yarn across the loom, and then releases it. Vile prefer to construct the shifting yarn-holder l in a cylindrical form, as represented in the drawings, so that it may be shifted by turning it upon its axis.

The yarn-holder comprises a series of divisions or yarn-cases, `f, each large enough to hold a cop of yarn, (or a ball if the yarn be wound in balls,) and in order that the amount of shifting may be as small as possible we prefer to arrange the yarncascs in two parallel rows, i i. ln order that the end of yarn from each yarn-case may be presented to the yarn-drawi n g device or needle, we lit each yarn-case with a yarn-tube, l,through which the yarn is cond ueted and from the beak or nozzle e? of which it protrudes. ln order that the yarn may not render too freely when drawn from the yarn-case, each yarnv has tension put upon it between. the yarn-case and the end or nozzle of the tube. For this purpose the nozzle of each yarn-tube is separated from the residue by a narrow space, in which. is inserted a yarintension device, which we prefer to make of a piece of thick felt, K, through which the yarn is passed. The fric tion of the felt upon the yarn makes tension upon it when it is drawn through the felt, and. this tension may be enhanced by means of a tension-spring, 7i', which is arranged in the proper position to bear upon the felt and press it when the yarntube is at the weaving position, or in the proper position to have the yarn drawn from it by the reciprocatin yarndrawing d evice or needle.

The yarn-holder l may be shifted by the hand of an operator or by power. For simplicity we prefer to have the yarn-holder shifted by an operator, and in order that he or she may do this with facility each yarncase is numbered, and a movable index, L, of these numbers is applied to the yarn-holder, a pointer, I, being secured to the frame of the loom, so that when any number of the index is opposite the pointer Z the nozzle of the yarn-tube of the corresliomling number of the yarn-cases is in the weaving position.

To facilitate t-he work of shifting the shifting yarirholder, we iind it expedient to use an additional. index, which faces the operator. This face index M consists of a segment, the face of which is graduated and numbered, as seen in Figs. 1 and et, with numbers correspending with those of the yarn-cases of the TOO IIO

'shifting yarn-holder. A movable pointer, m, is provided for this additional face indeX, and this pointer is secured to a rock-shaft and is connected with the shifting yarn-holder through the intervention of a pinion, m', secured to the shaft of the yarn-holder, and the segment m2, which is geared into said pinion and is connected by an arnrwith the rockshaft of the pointer. Vhen the shifting-yarnholder is moved backward or forward from the zero-point between the yarn-cases of the lowest and highest numbers, the pointer m is moved correspondingly along the graduations of the` face index M. It is obvious that the same practical result will be attained by securing the graduated segmental face index M to the arm of the pointer m, and making fast the pointer m itself to the frame of the loom.

The yarn-holder can be readily shifted by applying the hand to it. ln order that it may be stopped and may be held in position during the seizing and drawing out of the yarn from t-he desired yarn-case, a stop, N, is provided. Ve prefer that this stop should be of the pawl variety, and in the example represented in the drawings its beak is iitted to engage in the spaces between the nozzles '122 of the yarn-tubes, which act as teeth for the stop or pawl. The stop N is pivoted to the frame of the loom, and in order that it may be readily operated it is connected by a rod, n, with a treadle, N', to which the operator can apply his foot for the purpose of disengaging the stop, to permit the yarn-holder to be shifted, while the relaxation of pressure upon the treadle permits the pawl to'be engaged wit-h the nozzles by the action of a spring, n', and to stop the revolution of the yarn-holder.

Vhen the shifting yarn-holder is charged with yarns, the end Vof each cop of yarn is passed through the yarn-tube, as represented in Fig. 13, and is left protruding from the nozzle of the yarn-tube, so that it may be readily seized by the yarn-drawing .device and drawn by it through the shed of warp-threads, which is opened for the purpose by the movement of the heddles. The yarn-drawing device or needle J, which we have used with success for the purpose, consists of a pair of spring-nippers, j, mounted at one end of a reciprocating rod or stem, j', by which the nippers are pushed through the shedfrom the side of theV loom opposite that at which the shifting yarn-holder is located, and are drawn back again with the yarn The nippersj (more particularly represented at Figs. 14, l5, and 16) have spring-jaws secured to a shank, f, which is fitted t0 slide in the end of the tubular rod or stem j and is pressed endwise bya spiral spring, js, the distance to which the nippers can be moved by the spring being limited by a cross-piinf, Figs-14 and 16, that passes through a slot in the nipper-shank. This yarn-drawing device or needle is operated at the proper times by means of the drawcam J Figs. l and 2, whichis secured to the cam-shaft B of the loom and operates upon the yarn-drawing device through the intervent-ion of the treadle-lever J 2, link J 3, elbowlever J4, link J5, and slide JG, to the last of which the butt of the yarn-drawing device is secured. The treadle-lever J2 is iitted with two trucks, j, which embrace the rim of the draw-cam J', and absence of backlash is insured by connecting one of the trucks, jb, with the treadle-lever through the intervention of a lever-stock, j7, and spring js. The slide J 6 is guided in its movements by means of the guide J S, and a guide-eyed, is provided for the stem j', and by their action the yarn-drawing device is caused to move across the loom substantially in a straight line. When the yarn-drawing device is advanced to the yarnholder, t-he jaws of the nippers j are forced onto the nozzle of the yain-tube/L", standing at the time in the proper position for having its yarn drawn out, the slide-spring js yielding, if necessary, to prevent excessive jar. The entrance of the nozzle between the jaws of the nippers opens them, so that the protruding end of the yarn is received between them, and when the yarn-drawing device is drawn backward by the action of the draw-cam J', the nippers, being pulled off the nozzle of the yarn-tube, close upon the end of the yarn and seize it. The continued backward movement of the yarn-drawing device J then draws the yarn through the shed. As the yarn-drawing device is drawn back rapidly by the draw-cam J', a bumper, J 9, is provided to stop it, and in order that there may be no rebound a rebound-stop is provided. This rebound-stop O has preferably a lever form. It is pivoted to the frame of theloom, and its outer end is notched to engage with a pin, 0, secured to the lever J 4, through which motion is transmitted to the yarn-drawin g device J. A spring, o', is provided to cause the rebound-stop to engage with the pin A0 as soon as that pin passes the shoulder of the notch of the rebound-stop. In order that the rebound-stop may release the yarn-drawing device before it is to be moved to seize a yarn the rebound-stop is connected by a rod, o3, with a lever, 04, which is fitted with a truck, o5, and is pivoted to abracket projecting from the frame of the loom in the proper position to have its truck operated upon bythe drawcam J' a little before the yarn-drawing device is moved. After the yarn isdrawn through the shed of Warp-threads thellatter is partially closed upon the strand of yarn by the'movement of the heddles by the first ineline, e, of the heddle-cam E5, so that the yarn is held by the pressure of the warp-threads, and then the strand of yarn in the shed is cut vloose from the yarn-tube, so that the strand may be driven up by the lay and that the yarn-holder may be shifted to place thenext yarn required in position to be drawn into the shed. The cutting loose of the yarn is effected by means of a cutting device, which we IOO IIO

prefer to be a pair of shears, P, that is located at a sufficient distance in the loom inside of the nozzles of the yarn-tubes-say about one and one-half inch*to leave the cut end of yarn protruding from the nozzle of the yarntube. The blades of the pair of shears are supported by being pivotedto a bracket, P', and they are operated, preferablygby means of the cutting-cam P2, which is secured to the cam-shaft B, and a spring, P3, acting antagonistically to that cam P2. To this end the shanks of the blades are slotted and inclined in opposite directions, and a pimp, is fitted to slide in the slots. This pin is held by a swinging arm, p', which is connected by a pivot, 292, with the bracket P, and it is connected by a rod, p3, with the lever Pi, upon which the cuttingcam P2 operates through the intervention of a truck. The cutting-cam P2, when raising the rear end of the lever P4, depresses its front end and draws the ping) through the diverging slotted shanks of the shear-blades, thereby causing them to close and cut the yarn. Then the onward passage of' the cutting-cam past the lever permits the rear arm of that lever P to be drawn downward by the spring P5. The front end of the lever P4 is correspondingly raised, and the shear-blades are opened to permit the yarn-drawing device to pass between them and seize the end ofthe yarn which is next to be drawn across the loom.

Before the strand of yarn in the shed .is beaten up the end held by the yarn-drawing device should be released by opening the jaws of the forceps. For this purpose the opener Q. (more fully represented at Figs. ll and 12) is provided. lt consists, substantially, of a pivoted wedge, which is forced between the nippers by means of the opening-cam Q, which is secured to the main cam-shaft B. The opening-cam operates 'upon the opener Q through the intervention of a lever, 2, and rod q, the last of which is connected with the stock q of the opener Q. The form of the opening-cam Q is such as to leave the opener between the nippers unt-il the end of the strand of yarn is drawn from them by the beating up of the strand. Then the opening cam releases the opening-levcr Q2, and the opener Q is withdrawn from between the nip pers by means of a spring, Q3, which is connccted with the opening-lever Q2.

In order that the operation of the yarndrawing device may be rendered absolutely certain it is expedient that the end of the yarn which is seized by the nippers should be materially longer than is necessary to form the pile of' the strand of chenille at the needle side of the loom, which in this example is the right-hand side thereof. As the excess of yarn would be wasted if the nippers should be drawn back far enough to clear the reed of the lay before they are opened, the nippers j (as previously described) are connected with the needle-stem j through the intervention of the movable shank l7'2, and when the yarndrawing device is drawn back to its full extent by the cam J the nippers are left close to the warp-threads and in the way of the reed of the lay, and the nippers are opened in this position. Then a supplementary backward movement is imparted to them, so that they are withdrawn out of the way of the reed of the lay. This supplementary backward movement is preferably imparted to the nippers bythe opening-cam Q. For this purpose the opener Q is fitted with a horn, q2, Fig. ll, which, when the opener is forced between the nippers to open them, is forced against the end jl", Fig. l5, of the nipper=shank and pushes it backward, thus moving the nipper-jaws out of the way of the advancing reed of the lay. lll/Then the opener Q is withdrawn from the nippers, as previously described, the horn q2 being also withdrawn from the front end of the nippenshank, permits the springj to restore the nippers to their :forward or normal position for advancing to seize the yarn. The strand of yarn is beaten up by means of' thc lay F but before the yarn is beaten up the shed is closed by the operation of the second incline, e', of the heddle-cam upon the heddies. The lay F is fitted in the usual manner with a reed, F, through the dents of which the warp-threads are passed. The lay F is connected by arms f with a rock-shaft, f', and is operated by the lay-cam F2, which is secured to the main ca1n-shaft B of the loom, the cam operating upon the lay rock-shaft j" through the intervention of an arm, f2, which is fitted at its end with a truck to run. on the lay-cain F2. le prefer to effect the return movement of the lay by a spring, F'", which operates antagonisteally to the lay-cam. F2.

ln order that the edge of the fabric or selvage at thc needle side of the loom may be uniform, the ends of the yarns protruding there are trimmed or cut olf, in line. We effect this trimming by means of a selvage trimmer, and we prefer to arrange this trimmer closer -to the breast-beam Gr of the loom than the yarn-drawin g device is, so that the trimming maybe effected after the yarns are beaten up. To this end a selvage-trimmer, R, is located at the side of the loom opposite to that at which the yarn-holder I is placed, and is arranged to out the yarns as they are brought to `the breast-beam G by the taking up of the woven fabric by the cloth-roll. This selvage-trimmer is formed, by preference, of a fixed blade, yr, secured to the breast-beam, and a vibratable cuttingblade, fr which is operated in the loom we are describing, by connecting it by a rod, r2, with an arm, r3, secured to the lay rock-shaft f so that the movable blade o" is alternately opened and closed upon the fixed blade r.

The opening of tne sheds of warp-threads for the drawing of the colored yarns through them is effected by moving the leaves of heddies E E E2, through which the warp-threads IOO IIO

cases to hold the separate yarns. This system of holding' masses of yarn in cases differs materially from the previous systems of holding the yarns upon spindlesv or bobbins, and it is attended with the advantage that a large number of masses of yarn of different colors or shades can be held in a separate condition in a .comparatively small space, and that each particular mass of yarn (whether in the form of a cop or ball) can, as wanted for use, be moved successively (by shifting the yarnholder) to the same position for having its yarn drawn from the mass in the case in which it is held.

XVe claim as our invention- 1. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder constructed with a series of yarn-cases and the corresponding series of yarn-tubes which hold the ends of the yarn and which are connected with said yarn-holder so as to be shifted with i 2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder constructed with yarn-cases, with a tension device to prevent the yarns from rendering too freely from the yarn-cases.

3. The combination, substantially before set forth, of the shifting,` yarn-holder with an index of the yarn-cases, which index is arrtanged upon the yarn-holder and moves with 1 4. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder with a face index of the yarn-cases.

5. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder constructed with yarn-cases, with the stop by which the said yarn-holder is held when ayarn is to be drawn from one of the yarn-cases.

6. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder con structed with yarn-cases, with a yarn-drawing device, by means of which the yarn is drawn from the yarn-cases across the loom.

7 The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the shifting yarn-holder constructed with yarn-eases and the yarn-drawing device, with the yarn-cutter by means of which the drawn strand of yarn is cut loose from the yarn-holder.

8. The combination, substantially as before set forth, with a shifting` yarn-holder constructed with yarn-cases, of the yarn-drawing device and the selvage-triinmer, whereby the ends of the strands of yarn which have been seized by the yarn-drawing device are trimmed to a substantially uniform length.

9. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn-tube and the yarn-drawing device constructed with spring-nippers adapted to be opened by being forced against the nozzle of said yarn-tube.

10. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the spring-nippers of the yarndrawing device with the rod by which they are moved, and the intervening sliding shank and spring.

11. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the Dipper-jaws of the yarn-drawing device with the opener by which theyare opened when their grip upon the yarn is to be relaxed, and the opening-cain by which said opener is operated.

12. rlhe combination, substantially as before set forth, of the nippers of the yarn-drawing device, the opener, and a cam for imparting,` the supplementary backward movement to the nippers.

1 The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn-drawing device with the rebound-stop. Y

14. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the doup-heddles, the tension device for the warp-threads controlled by said heddles, and the tension-relaxing device by which the acting` force of said tension device is varied.

15. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the whip-roll, the tension-weight thereof, the tension-lever, and the tension-cam by which said lever is operated.

16. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the three leaves of heddles, the heddle-lever, the connecting-rods between two of said leaves and the said heddle-lever, and the connections between one of said two leaves and the third leaf of lieddles.

In witness whereof we have hereto set our hands this 29th day of December, A. D. 1886.

HALOYON SKINNER. EUGENE TYMESON.

Vitnesses:

JOHN H. COYNE, J oHN T. BELL.

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