US862351A - Loom. - Google Patents

Description

No. 862,351. PATENTED AUG.- 6, 1907.

R. H. SAWYER.

Loom.

APPLIOATIOH FILED H0128, 1904.

Tug: NORRIS PETERS 00., WASHINGTON, n4 0.

'weft in the wrong direction.

UNITED STATES RUFUS H. SAWYER, OF MALDEN, MASSAOHUSETTS.

. LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 6, 1907.

Application filed November 28, 1904. Serial No. 234,457.

'To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUFUs H. SAWYER, a citizen of the United States, .residing at Malden, county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, have invented an 1mprovement in Looms, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to looms for weaving with separate weft lengths.

The particular use to which this invention has been successfully adapted is in the weaving of matting or carpeting where the separate weft lengths are composed of straws, making what is known as straw matting.

The present invention relates entirely to a means for crimping the separate weft lengths. that in the weaving of this class of material where the weft lengths are more or less brittle or weak, or incapable of standing a great strain, that the weft lengths are liable to become and do become broken when beaten up into the fabric, thus either, spoiling the fabric entirely or rendering it uneven and irregular in quality. This is due to the fact that the weft lengths are insorted in a practically straight condition, but when beaten up into the fabric necessarily take on a sinuous condition as they pass over and under the alternate warps. But the taking on of this sinuous condition necessarily requires thatthe portion of the weft lying between the edges of the fabric shall be considerably longer after it is beaten in than when it is first inserted in the shed. But since the weft is beaten in at the same time throughout its length either the weft will be broken or else it will be subject to great strain. To obviate this difficulty mechanism for crimping the weft while it is in the shed and before it is beaten up has been heretofore devised. In this prior crimping mechanism devices are employed acting on opposite sides of the weft after it is inserted in the shed to crimp the weft, after which the crimped weft is then beaten into the fell. While this prior mechanism (shown and described in the application of Fredrick E. Arrouquier, No. 176,075, filed October 7, 1903) has proved a great improvement over no crimping mechanism at all, yet its use is open to twoobjections: First, it requires the location of the operating parts adjacent the reed and in among the warps, where they are more or less in the way and tend to complicate the construction of the loom, and, second, it acts to crimp every alternate The crimping mechanism being a mechanism acting independently of the warps always crimps the weft in the same way, that is, with the bends or crimps always pointing in the same directions, but in the ordinary Weave each weft must It has been found be crimped in the opposite direction to the preceding weft. In the use of the prior mechanism this objection does not render the device inoperative, or entirely unsatisfactory, because when the weft is once crimped, even if it be in the wrong direction, the warps when they come to act upon the crimped weft quite readily turn the crimps in the reverse direction, but, as will be seen, this operation is disadvantageous, and not one adapted to secure the best results.

In the present invention the crimping of the weft is done by the warps themselves, thus rendering complicated additional crimping devices in the neighborhood of the reed and among the warps unnecesiary, and insuring the crimping of each weft in the right rlirection whatever may be the form of the weave.

It is believed that the present invention is broadly new in the following features, as well as ir 'Jther minor features pointed out in the claims: (1) Mechanism for crimping the weft in the shed by means of the warps before the beat up has occurred; (2) mechanism for crimping each weft in the shed before the beat up has occurred and in the same direction as it is permanently crimped when beaten into the body of the fabric; (3) mechanism for doing either or both of the two former things progressively from a point between the ends of the weft to the ends of the weft; (4) mechanism for giving a variable speed to the crimper-operating means whereby the entire crimping operation is performed during a portion of the forward beat of the lay; (5) mechanism for holding each weft in crimped condition until just prior to its being beaten into the fabric.

Briefly considered, the preferred form of the invention comprises a series of crimping needles through which the warps pass and which hang between the heddles and the reed, and means, such as a series of cams, for operating the crimping, needles. The cams act to move the needles in alternate series, and in opposite directions, and the needles in each series operate progressively from the center of the series toward each end. The movement of each needle takes place in the direction in which its warp moves in closing the shed, but the movement is completed and the crimping needle with its warp returned to normal position before the shed is entirely closed. While the cams act to move the needles progressively the needles first moved remain in their new position until all the needles have been operated, when the release of the needles by the cams occurs simultaneously. In this way each weft is crimped in the direction in which it will be permanently crimped when beaten in, and is left in this crimped condition so near to the fell that it is held by the warp crimped in the open shed, and thus ready to be beaten in. The entire crimping operation takes eration to the crimping needles.

place after the weft is inserted, after the lay starts to move forward, and before the lay has completed its forward or beating in movement.

The invention will further appear from the accompanying drawings and description of the specific mechanism in which it has been embodied.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a loom with such parts thereof attached as are essential to the understanding of .the present invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partially in cross-section,'of the upper portion of the lay, showing the main features of the mechanism embodying the invention; Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 2, save that the reed is removedand the operating gearing eliminated by the cross-section also appears; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the central crimping needles, the position of the reed, and the position of the various warps and the weft just after the weft has been inserted and prior to the operation of the crimping mechanism; Fig. 5 is a similar diagrammatic view showing the relation of the parts and the position of the warp and weft just as the crimping mechanism has begun to operate, that is, the three central crimping needles have operated to form one crimp, and the neXt adjacent to the crimping needles on each side have not yet moved from their original position; Fig. 6 is a similar diagrammatic view showing the position of all the parts after the crimping operation has been completed and before the weft has been beaten in or the shed changed.

The main operating parts of the loom proper need no extended description.

A is the loom side with the heddle support a, in which are mounted the usual series of heddles b, operated in any well-known way, as by means of the cams b, b and the cooperating levers b The lay C is given its usual movement by means of the crank c, and the connecting arm 0. The warps w are shown as passing from the warp-beam W over tension rods y, to the breastbeam B, where they become a part of the fabric which is wound up on the roller D.

R is the reed and E the comb.

All the foregoing parts are old and form no part of the present invention and hence are not described in detail.

The crimping mechanism is mounted upon the lay and comprises, first, the crimping needles N, N N and, second the mechanism for giving the proper op- These crimping needles are mounted to slide vertically in the lay behind the reed, as shown in Fig. 2, and are apertured at their upper ends to allow of the passage of a warp through each needle. Each warp may be provided with one of these crimping needles, in which event the weft will have exactly the number of crimps that it has when beaten up into the fabric, but in practice, and especially when a large number of warps are used it will not be found necessary to provide so many crimping needles, because the strain on the weft will be removed and sufficient crimping accomplished with a less number of crimping needles. In the drawings the crimping needles are illustrated as applied to every third warp, but this arrangement may be changed to accord with particular conditions.

Each crimping needle is slidingly connected at n to a lever P, and these series of levers P are independently mounted on a shaft P, which is supported by depending lugs P from the lay. Each lever is also preferably provided with a counterweight P, so that the crimping needle N, the lever P, and the counterweight P will hang in equilibrium, and when idle produce no particular strain upon the warp. The series of levers ,P are positively operated up or down, and at the required time, by means of cams acting against a swell portion p, intermediate the pivot and the end of the lever.

In forming the crimp in the weft those warps which pass through the crimping needles above the weft must be carried downwardly, and thosewarps which pass through the crimping needles below the weft must be carried upwardly. Thus two series of cams are required, but since in the changing of the shed these warps are transposed in position, two more series of cams are required. These four series of cams are shown as mounted upon two shafts S, S, which shafts are connected by gears T, T, so that they revolve in opposite directions, and one of the shafts is driven by mechanism to be described and herein shown as comprising a sprocket chain U, passing over a sprocket wheel U on the upper shaft S.

The four series of cams are indicated as S S S, S

The series S and S act at the same time, the series S moving the crimping needles carrying the warps above the weft downwardly, and the series S moving the crimping needles carrying the warps below the weft upwardly. When the shed is changed and in the continued operation of the loom the series S and S act together, the series S moving downwardly the crimping needles which have been moved upwardly by the series S and the series S moving upwardly the crimping needles which have been moved downwardly by the series S It is found of great advantage, if not essential under ordinary conditions, to begin the crimping of the weft at a point between its ends, and preferably centrally of its ends, so that the straw will be gradually crimped outwardly toward its ends, and thus the crimping will proceed from the center to the ends before the ends are held many 'way by the friction of the crimping warps. To secure this the several series of cams are arranged to act progressively upon the levers P, be

ginning at the center and working toward the ends. This is secured by arranging the cams in each series with their forward edges gradually angularly to the I rear of the central 'cam on each side, as shown in the drawings. The rearward edges of the cams are all in line, so that the weft is held crimped until the crimping operation is entirely completed.

The means for operating the cam shafts S and S,

and consequently the crimping mechanism, should K is mounted an elliptic sprocket gear M, and on an auxiliary shaft K located at the axis of movement of the lay is mounted a second elliptic gear M, the two elliptic gears being arranged with their major axes at right angles. The auxiliary shaft K carries a sprocket wheel U A sprocket chain V connects the elliptic gears M and M, and a second sprocket chain U connects the sprocket gears U and U An adjustable idler W, mounted on the lay-sword serves to take up any slack in the sprocket chain U. This variable speed between the driving shaft and the shaft K may of course be obtained by any suitable mechanical device, that illustrated and described herein being a well-known contrivance for this purpose.

The elliptic gears are so arranged on their respective shafts and so timed as to cause the crimping movement to be performed rapidly and completely during the forward movement of the lay after the weft has been inserted in the shed, and before the final beat up occurs.

The operation of the crimping mechanism will be apparent from the foregoing description. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate themovementof the crimping needles in carrying out the operation. In these figures the central five crimping needles are shown, and the operation of the remainder of the series will be apparent therefrom. In Fig. 4 the weft is shown as inserted in the shed, and the lay carrying the reed R has just started forward. Immediately the two cooperating series of cams, as for example S and S begin to operate upon the levers P, the centermost cams of each series operating first. By this means the central needle N is carried down to the position shown in Fi 5, and the adjacent crimping needles on either side N N are carried upwardly to the position shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 thus represents the condition of affairs when the cams have acted to move the three central needles and have not progressed sufficiently far to move the next adjacent needles. The crimping operation then continues until all the cams have acted and the weft has been crimped from its central portion outwardly to each end. While this has been taking place the lay has been moving forwardly until the shed is near closing, but has not closed. At this moment the endmost cams have operated on the endmost levers P, and a slight further movement causes all the cams at once to release all of the crimping needles, whereupon they hang loosely upon the warps and the weft is crimped and the parts will be in the position shown in Fig. (ithroughout the width of the fabric. In this condition the weft is crimped throughout its length, and when beaten in will not be strained or broken. It will be seen from Fig. 6 that the weft when released by the crimping warps is so near to the beating in point that it is held in its crimped condition by the warps in their normal position, and so retains its crimped form until it is beaten into the fabric. The lay then continues the slight further forward movement necessary to beat in the weft. As the weft is beaten in the shed changes, the lay comes back, and the operation already described is repeated with the next weft, but the crimping is performed in the opposite direction with the other series of cams S and S. It will thus be seen that each weft is always crimped in the same direction as it takes when beaten into thefabric.

Having described my invention, what I claimv as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, means for forming a shed in warps, and means to crimp the weft by or through the warps when the weft is in the shed.

2. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths. means for forming a shed in warps, and means to crimp theweft by or through the warps when the weft is in the shed, and before it is beaten into the fell.

3. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths. means for forming a shed in warps, and means .to crimp the weft by or through the warps when the weft is in the shed, vsaid means acting to crimp the weft progressively from a point between its ends toward its ends.

4. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, means for forming a shed in warps, and means to crimp the weft by or through the warps when the weft is in the shed and before it is beaten into the fell, said means acting to crimp the weft progressively from a point between its ends toward its ends.

In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for operating the warps to crimp the weft when in the open shed and before the shed is closed.

6. In a loom for weaving witlrseparate weft lengths. means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for temporarily transposing certain warps in each part of the shed to crimp the weft in the open shed.

lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for crimping each weft when in the open shed in the direction of the crimp it will have when woven into the fabric.

8. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for operating the warps to crimp the weft when in the open shed and before the shed is closed, said means causing the warps to act progressively on the weft from a point between its ends toward its ends.

9. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for temporarily transposing certain warps in each part of the shed to crimp the weft in the open shed, said means causing the warps to act progressivelybn the weft from a point between its ends toward its ends.

10. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for crimping each weft when in the open shed in the direction of the crimp it will have when woven into the fabric, said means acting to crimp the weft progressively from a point between its ends toward its ends.

11. In a loom for weaving with separate weftslengths, a lay, means for forming a shedin warps, a reed, crimping needles each engaging a warp, means to operate said needles when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft.

12. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a iay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, crimping needles each engaging a warp, means to operate said needles when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft, said needles acting progressively from a point between the ends of the series toward the ends, whereby the weft is crimped progressively.

13. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, crimping needles each engaging; a warp, means to operate said needles when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft, means to transpose the operation of the crimping needles to correspond with each change of the shed.

l-L. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a

lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, crimping needles each engaging a warp, means to operate said necdles when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft, means to transpose the operation of the crimping needles to correspond with each change of the shed, means for causing said crimping needles to act progressively on the weft from a point between its ends toward its ends.

15. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for operating the warps to crimp the shed, means for giving a variable movement to said crimping means, whereby the entire crimping operation may be performed during the forward movement of the lay, after the insertion of the weft, and before the beat up.

16. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed; means for crimping each weft when in the open shed in the direction of the crimp it will have when woven into'the fabric, means for giving a variable movement to said crimping means, whereby the entire crimping operation may be performed during the forward movement of the lay, after the insertion of the weft, and before the beat up.

17. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, crimping needles each engaging a warp, means to operate said needies when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft, said needles acting'progressively from a point be tween the ends of the series toward the ends, whereby the weft is crimped progressively, means for giving a variable movement to said needle operating means whereby the entire crimping operation may be performed during the forward movement of the lay, after the insertion of the weft, and before the beat up.

18. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, crimping needles mounted upon the lay and each engaging a warp, means to operate said needles when the shed is open to carry said warps from the plane of the shed in which they are located in the direction of the plane of the opposite shed, and thus crimp the weft.

19. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, two series of cams mounted upon each cam shaft and cooperating with the said levers, means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each Weft in the open shed'in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric.

20. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, a counterbalance for each lever, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, two series of cams mounted upon each cam shaft and coiiperating with the said levers, means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each weft in the open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric.

21. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of lovers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, two series of cams mounted upon each cam shaft'and cooperating with the said levers, the forward edges of the cams in each series being arranged progressively angularly rearward on each side of a central cam, means for operating the cam shafts, whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimpeach weft in the open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric.

22. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, two series of cams mounted upon each cam shaft and coiiperating with the said levers, the forward edges of the cams in each series being arranged progressively angularly rearward on each side of a central cam, and the rearward edges in each series being in a straight line,

means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each weft in the open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric.

23. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the my, one above and one below said series of levers, a series of cams on one shaft for moving part of the crimping needles downwardly, a series of cams on the other shaft for moving the remaining crimping needles upwardly, another series of cams on each shaft for causing the reverse movement of the crimping needles, means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each weft in the open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric,

24. In a loom for weaving with separate Weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, a series of cams on one shaft for moving part of the crimping needles downwardly, a series of cams on the other shaft for moving the remaining crimping needles upwardly, another series of cams on each shaft for causing the reverse movement of the crimping needles, the forward edges of the cams in each series being arranged progressively angularly rearward on each side of a central cam, the rearward edges in each series being in a straight line, means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each weft in the open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten'into the fabric.

25. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, a series of crimping needles mounted in the lay and each engaging a warp, a series of levers pivotally mounted on the lay, each lever being connected to a crimping needle, two cam shafts mounted upon the lay, one above and one below said series of levers, two series of cams mounted upon each cam shaft and cotiperating withthe said levers, means for operating the cam shafts whereby the crimping needles will be moved to cause the warps to crimp each weft inthe open shed in the same direction as it is crimped when beaten into the fabric, means for giving a variable movement to said cam shaft operating means, whereby the entire crimping operation may be performed during the forward movement of the lay, after the insertion of the weft, and before the'beat up.

26. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for crimping each weft when in the open shed, means for retaining the weft thus crimped until just prior to its being beaten in. v i

27. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for temporarily transposing certain warps in each part of the shed to crimp the weft in the open shed, means for retaining the warps thus transposed until just prior to the beating in of the weft.

28. In a loom for weaving with separate weft lengths, a

lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for warps to act progressively on the weft from a point he 10 crimping each weft when in the open shed in the direction tween its ends t0ward its ends, means for retaining the of the crimp it will have when woven into the fabric, weft thus crimped until just prior to its being beaten in.

means for retaining the weft thus crimped until just prior In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this to its being beaten in. specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. 29. In a 100m for weaving with separate weft lengths, a RUFUS H. SAWYER.

lay, means for forming a shed in warps, a reed, means for Witnesses:

operating the warps to crimp the Weft when in the open NATHAN HEARD,

shed and before the shed is closed, said means causingthe MABEL PARTELOW.

Images