US4432942A - Apparatus for filling a container with radioactive solid wastes - Google Patents

Apparatus for filling a container with radioactive solid wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
US4432942A
US4432942A US06/310,719 US31071981A US4432942A US 4432942 A US4432942 A US 4432942A US 31071981 A US31071981 A US 31071981A US 4432942 A US4432942 A US 4432942A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
container
wastes
radioactive
furnace body
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/310,719
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshio Adachi
Susumu Hiratake
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/14—Devices for handling containers or shipping-casks, e.g. transporting devices loading and unloading, filling of containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/901—Scrap metal preheating or melting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the filling of a container, for the purpose of storage, with radioactive wastes, particularly, miscellaneous incombustible solid wastes, arising from atomic power plants or other establishments for handling radioactive materials.
  • the radioactive rays emitted therefrom exert a great influence upon living things in the natural world including humankind, the wastes need be stored until the final disposal (for example, such as dumping into the seas or burying under the ground) has been done.
  • the wastes as described above are generally so bulky that a very large storing space must be provided if the wastes are stored without modification.
  • clearances are formed between these reduced pieces within the container, resulting in a limited reduction in the quantity capable of being filled.
  • the present inventor has also conceived an apparatus in which such wastes are melted in a crucible of a high frequency induction furnace or an arc furnace, the furnace body being tilted to transfer the molten wastes into a solidifying container for solidification, and the solidified wastes being transferred into a storing container for storage.
  • this requires much labor during the operation.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing the volume of bulky radioactive wastes having various shapes so that the wastes can be stored in a convenient manner.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing the volume of wastes and providing the whole of the wastes with a predetermined or uniform shape in a simultaneous manner, i.e. to pack wastes having different shapes to the full into a container having a uniform shape and solidify the wastes in the fully-packed condition.
  • the wastes melted and solidified in the container are reduced in volume, and a predetermined shape is simultaneously given to the whole of the wastes since the container has a uniform shape.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which is adapted to prevent any environmental pollution when and if melted radioactive wastes are scattered during the melting of the wastes in a container, i.e. the apparatus herein is such that wastes are put into a container, for storing the wastes, in advance, and the wastes are melted by plasma arcs in this condition, i.e., surrounded by the walls of the container. Therefore, when any portion of the melted wastes is scattered, most of it is prevented from going out of the container by the walls thereof so that environmental pollution due to a scatter of the radioactive wastes can be minimized.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which makes it possible to melt radioactive wastes with a higher thermal efficiency by positioning the wastes and a plasma torch, for heating the wastes, to each other in a melting-efficient manner whether the wastes in the container happen to be located nearer to the bottom of the container or to the top of the container.
  • the apparatus herein employs a plasma torch, i.e., a device capable of heating wastes in a local and concentrated manner by emitting highly linear plasma arcs, as a means for heating wastes.
  • the plasma torch can be moved in a vertical direction, and has a lower end adapted to come into a container, so that the wastes, regardless of their vertical position in the container, can be irradiated by the plasma torch by moving the torch in a vertical direction. Therefore, the wastes can be melted with a higher thermal efficiency in any case.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which makes it possible to use a container having a simple construction, prevent the container from being melted when wastes are melted therein, and employ a simple means for protecting the container against heat.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can melt wastes in a container in a concentrated manner. Therefore, wastes can be melted with a minimum danger of melting of the container.
  • the container can be filled in its required space with the radioactive wastes with high density and in all parts thereof closely.
  • the radioactive wastes are heated to be molten, and the melt is introduced into the container in orderly fashion from the bottom thereof and accordingly, the container is filled in its required space with the wastes with little clearance.
  • the radioactive wastes can be decreased in volume through that portion. Consequently, in the event after the container has been filled, the radioactive wastes filled in the container are stored, a small site required for the storage thereof will suffice. Further, the radioactive wastes can be filled into the container in its required space with little clearance, and so, even if a given quantity of radioactive wastes are required to be filled in that required space, it is possible to easily meet the requirement.
  • the container can be filled for storing the radioactive wastes with the radioactive wastes in a state of high density as described above, merely by the operation of principally melting the radioactive wastes.
  • the operation of melting the radioactive wastes is all that is required to minimize bulking thereof, and as a consequence, the operation of filling the container for storing the radioactive wastes with the wastes with high density can be simultaneously effected without requiring much labor.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the process of treatment of radioactive wastes
  • FIG. 2 (A) and (B) are sectional views showing the composition of the radioactive wastes
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a different form of a container
  • the waste 1 includes large wastes 1a and small wastes 1b that may be put into a container 2, as shown.
  • the wastes 1 further includes metals (such as pipes, valves, plates, die steels, and tools), waste filters (such as prefilters, HEPA filters) and inorganic materials (such as heat insulting material, fire-resisting material, glasses and concrete).
  • metals such as pipes, valves, plates, die steels, and tools
  • waste filters such as prefilters, HEPA filters
  • inorganic materials such as heat insulting material, fire-resisting material, glasses and concrete.
  • the wastes 1 are then melted in a melting furnace 5. Prior to this melting step, the large wastes 1a are demolished into smaller sizes by a size-reducing device 3 such as a plasma cutter, a hacksaw, and a press.
  • a size-reducing device 3 such as a plasma cutter, a hacksaw, and a press.
  • a container 6 is prepared prior to the melting step.
  • the container 6 used may be of the type capable of being used without modification for the purpose of storage as will be later described, that is, the type adapted for use without modification for the purpose of storage in view of the construction, dimensions, cost and durability.
  • the container comprises a canister 7 made of metal (such as iron) internally provided with a crucible 8 made of a refractory material (such as graphite, i.e. black lead).
  • the container 6 is placed on a transport device 10 by means of a moving machine such as a crane 9.
  • the transport device 10 comprises a movable truck 11, a cylinder 12 secured to the truck 11, a lower cover 13 mounted on the retractable rod 12a of the cylinder 12, and a tray 14.
  • the transport device 10 is moved under the furnace body 15 in a melting furnace 5.
  • the cylinder 12 extends so that the lower cover 13 blocks a lower opening of the furnace body 15, and the container 6 is positioned to the required position within the furnace body 15.
  • the melting furnace 5 comprises a plasma torch 17, a lift 18 for moving the plasma torch up and down, a carrier 19 for the wastes and a cooler 20 for the container 6.
  • the carrier 19 comprises a rail 21, a bucket 22 movable along the rail 21, and a cylinder 23 for moving the bucket 22.
  • Reference numeral 24 designates a door, which is opened when the bucket 22 moves.
  • the radioactive wastes 1 are placed on the bucket 22 and carried into the furnace body 15. When the bottom plate of the bucket 22 is opened, the wastes are charged into the container 6 in its required position. In this case, the plasma torch 17 remains raised by the lift 18.
  • the bucket 22 is pulled out of the furnace and the plasma torch 17 is moved down.
  • the wastes 1 within the container 6 are then heated by hot plasma arcs emitted from the plasma torch 17. In this manner, the wastes 1 are melted.
  • the melt flows toward the bottom of the container 6 and stays thereon.
  • cooling air is blown from the cooler 20 towards the outer walls of the container to protect the container 6 from its overheating.
  • the container 6 is carried out of the furnace 5 by the transport device 10. It should be noted that the wastes 1c (a different character is given for explanation because that state thereof is different from that before being molten) within the container 6 is solidifed prior to or in the midst of delivery.
  • the required vacant space in the container 6 includes the case of the entire vacant space within the container 6 or also the case of a few percent of the entire vacant space. This rate or percentage is suitably determined depending on the operations after the container is filled, for example, such as the storage, burying under the ground, and dumping into the seas.
  • unmolten wastes 1 may be present while being immersed in the aforementioned melt or may be solidified together.
  • a cover 25 is placed on the delivered container 6. This cover 25 is welded to the container 6 by a welder 26 to seal the interior of the container 6.
  • the thus sealed container 6 is then transported by truck or various other transporting means to a storing house 27, in which the container is stored until it is abandoned into the seas or otherwise finally disposed.
  • the radioactive wastes 1c packed into the container 6 as described above have been subjected to the melting operation as mentioned above, and thus, prior to melting, the radioactive nuclides 4 adhered to the surface of the solid material 1' as shown in FIG. 2 (A) are buried and mixed into the solid material, and the nuclides 4 in the resolidified state become incorporated into the once molten and then solidified solid material 1'c as shown in FIG. 2 (B). Accordingly, the radioactive rays radiated from the nuclides 4 are partly intercepted by the solid material 1'c, and hence, the quantity of radioactive rays emerged externally of the container 6 decreases.
  • FIG. 3 shows a container in a different form.
  • This container 6e has a canister 7e and a crucible 8e between which is filled with concrete 28.
  • a cover 29 comprises a metal outer plate lined with concrete. The thicknesses of both the concretes are determined in accordance with various objects as noted below.
  • the container is carried, for example, by truck, or is loaded or unloaded for transportion or for storage at the storing site. Accordingly, the concrete must have adequate strength and be sufficiently durable against impacts received during such operations.
  • the thickness of concrete selected is, for example, on the order of 12 cm. However, this is a mere example, and it is a matter of course that if the above-mentioned various requirements are taken into consideration, the thickness of concrete may be increased or decreased.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
US06/310,719 1979-01-27 1981-10-13 Apparatus for filling a container with radioactive solid wastes Expired - Fee Related US4432942A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP832579A JPS55101100A (en) 1979-01-27 1979-01-27 Method of canning radioactive solid waste
JP54-8325 1979-01-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4432942A true US4432942A (en) 1984-02-21

Family

ID=11690017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/310,719 Expired - Fee Related US4432942A (en) 1979-01-27 1981-10-13 Apparatus for filling a container with radioactive solid wastes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4432942A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55101100A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3002695A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2447592B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4629587A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-12-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Solidifying disposal system for radioactive waste
US4631384A (en) * 1983-02-17 1986-12-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Bitumen combustion process
US4708571A (en) * 1984-11-03 1987-11-24 Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh & Co. Method of and apparatus for the introduction of radiocative metallic wastes into a melting furnace
US4895678A (en) * 1987-09-16 1990-01-23 Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan Method for thermal decomposition treatment of radioactive waste
US4919190A (en) * 1988-08-18 1990-04-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Radioactive waste material melter apparatus
US5136137A (en) * 1987-05-04 1992-08-04 Retech, Inc. Apparatus for high temperature disposal of hazardous waste materials
WO1993003879A1 (en) * 1991-08-16 1993-03-04 Regents Of The University Of California Electrodeless plasma torch apparatus and methods for the dissociation of hazardous waste
US5376767A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-12-27 Tetronics Research & Development Co. Limited Plasma torch and an apparatus for producing fused silica using plasma arc electrodes
US5408494A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-04-18 Retech, Inc. Material melting and incinerating reactor with improved cooling and electrical conduction
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
US5762009A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process
FR2783345A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-17 Cogema Procede et installation de remplissage de futs contenant des dechets dangereux
CN104966540A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-10-07 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 一种等离子低中放固体废物处理方法
US9721690B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2017-08-01 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Melting device for consolidating contaminated scrap
EP3454346A3 (en) * 2012-04-27 2019-05-29 Triumf Apparatus for cylotron production of technetium-99m

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57113400A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-07-14 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method and device for processing waste
FR2503598B1 (fr) * 1981-04-14 1985-07-26 Kobe Steel Ltd Appareil et procede pour fondre et traiter des residus metalliques
DE3204204C2 (de) * 1982-02-08 1986-05-07 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Verfahren zur Konditionierung radioaktiver Abfälle
JPS5990099A (ja) * 1982-11-16 1984-05-24 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 放射性廃棄物処理方法
DE3331383A1 (de) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-14 Siempelkamp Gießerei GmbH & Co, 4150 Krefeld Anlage fuer rueckgewinnung metallischer komponenten von kernkraftwerken
DE3404106C2 (de) * 1984-02-07 1986-10-02 Siempelkamp Gießerei GmbH & Co, 4150 Krefeld Ofenanlage zum Aufschmelzen metallischer Komponenten von Kernkraftwerken
JPH02100545U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-01-31 1990-08-10
JPH0438743U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-07-30 1992-04-02

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3153566A (en) * 1961-08-28 1964-10-20 Pullman Inc Decontamination of volatile radioactive effluents
US3365578A (en) * 1962-08-10 1968-01-23 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Glass composition comprising radioactive waste oxide material contained within a steel vessel
US3779182A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 S Camacho Refuse converting method and apparatus utilizing long arc column forming plasma torches
DE2424697A1 (de) * 1973-05-25 1974-12-12 Cnen Container fuer spaltbares material
US3894573A (en) * 1972-06-05 1975-07-15 Paton Boris E Installation and method for plasma arc remelting of metal
US4058479A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-11-15 Aerojet-General Corporation Filter-lined container for hazardous solids
US4145396A (en) * 1976-05-03 1979-03-20 Rockwell International Corporation Treatment of organic waste
US4313845A (en) * 1979-11-28 1982-02-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy System for chemically digesting low level radioactive, solid waste material

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FR2054464B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-07-07 1974-06-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique
SU349337A1 (ru) * 1970-10-01 1977-12-05 Институт Электросварки Им.Е.О.Патона Плазменно-дугова печь
AT336146B (de) * 1974-08-22 1977-04-25 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einbettung von festen radioaktiven und/oder toxischen stoffen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3153566A (en) * 1961-08-28 1964-10-20 Pullman Inc Decontamination of volatile radioactive effluents
US3365578A (en) * 1962-08-10 1968-01-23 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Glass composition comprising radioactive waste oxide material contained within a steel vessel
US3894573A (en) * 1972-06-05 1975-07-15 Paton Boris E Installation and method for plasma arc remelting of metal
US3779182A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 S Camacho Refuse converting method and apparatus utilizing long arc column forming plasma torches
DE2424697A1 (de) * 1973-05-25 1974-12-12 Cnen Container fuer spaltbares material
US4058479A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-11-15 Aerojet-General Corporation Filter-lined container for hazardous solids
US4145396A (en) * 1976-05-03 1979-03-20 Rockwell International Corporation Treatment of organic waste
US4313845A (en) * 1979-11-28 1982-02-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy System for chemically digesting low level radioactive, solid waste material

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Radioactive Waste Disposal", Gilmore, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1977, pp. 117, 118.
Radioactive Waste Disposal , Gilmore, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1977, pp. 117, 118. *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4629587A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-12-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Solidifying disposal system for radioactive waste
US4631384A (en) * 1983-02-17 1986-12-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Bitumen combustion process
US4708571A (en) * 1984-11-03 1987-11-24 Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh & Co. Method of and apparatus for the introduction of radiocative metallic wastes into a melting furnace
US5136137A (en) * 1987-05-04 1992-08-04 Retech, Inc. Apparatus for high temperature disposal of hazardous waste materials
US4895678A (en) * 1987-09-16 1990-01-23 Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan Method for thermal decomposition treatment of radioactive waste
US4919190A (en) * 1988-08-18 1990-04-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Radioactive waste material melter apparatus
US5376767A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-12-27 Tetronics Research & Development Co. Limited Plasma torch and an apparatus for producing fused silica using plasma arc electrodes
US5288969A (en) * 1991-08-16 1994-02-22 Regents Of The University Of California Electrodeless plasma torch apparatus and methods for the dissociation of hazardous waste
WO1993003879A1 (en) * 1991-08-16 1993-03-04 Regents Of The University Of California Electrodeless plasma torch apparatus and methods for the dissociation of hazardous waste
US5408494A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-04-18 Retech, Inc. Material melting and incinerating reactor with improved cooling and electrical conduction
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
US5762009A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process
FR2783345A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-17 Cogema Procede et installation de remplissage de futs contenant des dechets dangereux
WO2000016340A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-23 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Procede et installation de remplissage de futs contenant des dechets dangereux
US6666003B1 (en) 1998-09-16 2003-12-23 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Method and device for filling drums containing dangerous waste
RU2226728C2 (ru) * 1998-09-16 2004-04-10 Компани Женераль де Матьер Нюклеэр Способ и устройство для заполнения цилиндрических контейнеров, содержащих опасные отходы
EP3454346A3 (en) * 2012-04-27 2019-05-29 Triumf Apparatus for cylotron production of technetium-99m
US9721690B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2017-08-01 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Melting device for consolidating contaminated scrap
CN104966540A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-10-07 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 一种等离子低中放固体废物处理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2447592A1 (fr) 1980-08-22
FR2447592B1 (fr) 1987-08-28
JPS55101100A (en) 1980-08-01
JPS6216399B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-04-13
DE3002695A1 (de) 1980-08-07

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