US4410495A - Ozonizer with sleeve electrodes - Google Patents

Ozonizer with sleeve electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US4410495A
US4410495A US06/224,698 US22469881A US4410495A US 4410495 A US4410495 A US 4410495A US 22469881 A US22469881 A US 22469881A US 4410495 A US4410495 A US 4410495A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ozonizer
electrode
switching element
parallel
break
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/224,698
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Bassler
Ulrich Kogelschatz
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BBC BROWN BOVERI & COMPANY Ltd
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Assigned to BBC BROWN, BOVERI & COMPANY, LIMITED; reassignment BBC BROWN, BOVERI & COMPANY, LIMITED; ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BASSLER, PETER, KOGELSCHATZ, ULRICH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/10—Preparation of ozone
    • C01B13/11—Preparation of ozone by electric discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
    • C01B2201/20—Electrodes used for obtaining electrical discharge
    • C01B2201/22—Constructional details of the electrodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an ozonizer of the type provided with a pair of electrodes one of which has a surface facing the other electrode covered with a dielectric, which electrodes are connected to an energy supply source and a parallel connected storage capacitor.
  • Ozonizers are being used in increasing numbers in industrial applications, because ozone is being used as a strong oxidation medium for waste water purification, air quality improvement, drinking water treatment, food storage, as well as in medicine and chemistry.
  • a method and a device for carrying out corona discharge reactions is known from the German OS 26 17 104 in which a reaction gas is passed through a corona discharging slot and electrical energy in the form of a narrow impulse is generated in the slot.
  • the formation of a corona discharge transfers energy to the electrons and gas ions found in the slot.
  • the electrons are charged with energy in order to produce a productive reaction with the reaction gas.
  • the gas ions created during the reaction are removed from the slot to minimize any unproductive energy deposition to the ions.
  • the elimination of the gas ions is carried out by pre-tension voltage and in the time interval between the narrow impulses.
  • the gas ions can also be neutralized by the admixture of negatively charged, finely distributed liquid and solid particles.
  • a method of ozone production is used, whereby ozone is produced from a gas mixture containing oxygen which contains considerable amounts of moisture and other impurities.
  • the impulses are produced by a relatively expensive switch circuit having a switching element which must be able to switch the entire current.
  • the switching elements used to control such pulsating ozonizers must be able to switch voltages of 15 to 20 kV as well as currents from 1 to 5 kA before a discharge has built up between the ozonizer electrodes.
  • these switching elements must provide a long service life, i.e., up to 10 10 switching cycles are required.
  • Suitable switching elements are, for example, semi-conductor switches such as break-over diodes and amplifying gate thyristors. Their construction and method of operation are described, for example, in the BBC publication D HS 704 68 EFD and in the publication by P. F.
  • Another disadvantage is the limited current-carrying capacity of the break-over diodes, which can switch at an optimum current of 100 to 200 A per element. It is advantageous to have relatively high current densities on the ozonizer electrodes, c. 1 A per cm 2 of electrode surface to improve the yield of ozone. This is due to the fact that a homogeneous discharge is not produced until these conditions are achieved.
  • An ozone tube, 1 m in length has an electrode surface of approximately 1600 cm 2 . Eight to 16 parallel break-over diodes are necessary. Each switches 100 to 200 A to the electrodes in order to produce the necessary current density on the electrodes with such an ozonizer.
  • the ignition current of the individual parallel break-over diodes varies, however, from element to element. Therefore, additional switching measures are needed to assure synchronized switching of the trip diodes and a uniform distribution of the current to the switching elements. Without these additional switching measures a portion of the trip diodes would be overloaded and destroyed.
  • one object of this invention is to provide a novel ozonizer of the above noted type in which optimal current densities for economical ozone production can always be achieved.
  • a new and improved ozonizer provided with at least two electrodes of which at least one electrode has a surface facing the other electrode which is covered by a dielectric, in which the ozonizer is connected to an energy supply device formed of a current source and a parallel connected storage capacitor, wherein the current source has a first connecting terminal connected with one electrode of the ozonizer and a second connecting terminal connected by way of at least one switching element with the other electrode of the ozonizer.
  • at least one electrode includes plural partial electrodes each separated from one another and each having at least one respective switching element, in which each partial electrode with its associated switching element is connected in parallel to the current source of the energy supply device.
  • the ozonizer electrodes can produce a homogenous discharge therebetween, while the partial currents needed for producing the discharge are conveyed to the electrodes by way of switching elements which are not overloaded in the process. Furthermore, according to this construction it is not necessary to synchronously switch the switching elements.
  • spark gap switching elements By using spark gap switching elements to produce the required discharge between the ozonizer electrodes, rapid response in the high current load levels are attainable.
  • the use of semi-conductor switching elements furthermore result in an extremely long service life and enables rapid switching in the range of nanoseconds.
  • the use of break-over diodes as switching elements enables reliable and reproducable current switching because the trigger voltage for an individual break-over diode switching element varies only a little more than 5 V.
  • switching elements in the form of an anti-parallel connection of one or more series connected break-over diodes is possible to switch a total voltage mounting to 20 kV.
  • By bridging a switching element with a switching capacitor it is possible to use switching elements with less voltage capability, since in this instance the switching element must only switch the additional voltage increase.
  • By placing a storage capacitor directly adjacent to the ozonizer according to another characteristic of the invention the current transfer from the current source to the ozonizer electrodes is improved and losses such as occur when longer supply leads are used can be extensively avoided.
  • the ozonizer is constructed in tubular form with an electrically conductive inner tube forming one of the electrodes, an electrically insulating tube extending in a radial direction at a distance from the inner tube and having an axis parallel thereto forming the dielectric, and plural self contained parallel strips of electrically conducting material formed surrounding the insulating tube on an outer surface thereof to form the other ozonizer electrode, wherein the electrically conductive parallel strips are spaced at a distance from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the insulating tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ozonizer according to the invention in which one ozonizer electrode consists of two ring-shaped collars of electrically conducting material which are electrically separated from one another,
  • FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c are schematic circuit diagrams of switching assemblies which can be preferrably used as switch elements
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of numerous ozonizers according to the invention which are interconnected to form a larger ozonizer unit,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ozonizer provided with an ozonizer electrode formed of several ring-shaped collars or sleeves of electrically conducting material which are electrically separated from one another.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an electrically conducting tube 1, e.g., of steel, arranged in an electrically insulating tube 3, e.g., of glass, at a distance perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and parallel thereto to form a discharge channel 4.
  • an electrically conducting tube 1 e.g., of steel
  • an electrically insulating tube 3 e.g., of glass
  • the electrically conducting tube 1 forms the interior electrode of the ozonizer.
  • the exterior surface of the electrically insulating tube 3 has two partial electrodes 2 which form the exterior electrodes of the ozonizer. They consist of parallel, electrically conducting sleeves 2, e.g., of copper or aluminum, which surround the electrically insulating tube 3 around its periphery and are spaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis of tube 3 at a given distance from one another.
  • the sleeves 2 can be attached to the tube 3 by lacquer or by metal vaporization, for example.
  • the effective surface of a sleeve 2 amounts to approximately 100 to 200 cm 2 .
  • Each sleeve 2 is connected by a switch element A with a connecting lead 8 which is connected to a terminal 5" of an alternating current source 5'.
  • the second terminal 5" of the alternating current source 5' is connected with one end of the electrically conducting tube 1 whose other end is grounded.
  • the terminals of the alternating current source 5' are bridged by a storage capacitor 6, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the ozonizer.
  • the storage capacitor 6 and the alternating current source 5' form the energy supply source 5 for the ozonizer.
  • FIG. 1a The arrangement shown in FIG. 1a consists of a gap 10 which is bridged with a switching capacitor 11.
  • the switch element A according to FIG. 1b consists of two groups each having three series switches 7 connected anti-parallel with one another. With the arrangement shown in FIG. 1c two break-over diodes 7 are connected anti-parallel. This anti-parallel connection is bridged by a switching capacitor 11.
  • a gas mixture containing an oxygen mixture or pure oxygen flows through the discharge channel 4.
  • the storage capacitor 6 is charged during the positive half cycle of the alternating current cycle with a given charge from the alternating current source.
  • the switch element A switches, and the storage capacitor 6 discharges itself through the discharge channel by way of switch element A and the electrically conducting sleeve 2.
  • the discharge is homogenous due to the achievable high current densities of c.1 A/cm 2 . This causes the oxygen to ionize and produces ozone as a result with a high degree of effectiveness.
  • the process described above repeats itself.
  • suitable dimensioning of the ozonizer and the switch capacitor 11 can distribute the voltage provided by the alternating current source 5' in such a manner to the ozonizer, which is functioning as a capacitor, and the switching capacitor 11, that only a relatively small voltage impulse needs to be added over the gap 10 in order to trigger the discharge.
  • the switch element illustrated in FIG. 1b the full voltage needed to trigger the discharge can be switched to the partial electrodes 2 of the ozonizer.
  • the electrically conducting tube 1 can be cooled from the inside by water, and the electrically insulating tube 3 can be disposed, along with the switching elements, in an oil bath.
  • FIG. 2 With an ozonizer unit shown in FIG. 2, several ozonizers according to the invention are connected together by support beams 12 formed of electrically insulating material, e.g., plastic.
  • the exterior electrodes 2 of the ozonizers are connected respectively by way of a parallel combination of a break-over diode 7 and a switch capacitor 11 to a first partial lead 8 of the connecting lead to a pole of the energy supply device 5.
  • an additional trip diode is attached in each case which is connected anti-parallel to the break-over diode, which is bridged by the switch capacitor 11 and is attached to a second partial lead 9 of the connecting lead to the energy supply device 5.
  • the interior electrodes 1 of the ozonizer are grounded and connected to the other pole of the energy supply device 5.
  • FIG. 3 One of the ozonizers (enclosed by a dotted line in FIG. 2), with the switching connections belonging to it, is shown in FIG. 3 to illustrate the switching device.
  • the electrically insulating tube 3 is not provided with two, but rather a plurality of electrically conducting sleeves 2.
  • the switching elements associated with the individual sleeves 2 correspond to the switching elements illustrated in FIG. 1c as far as their manner of operation is concerned, whereby in each case a parallel connection of break-over diodes 7 and switch capacitor 11 connects the sleeve 2 with a first connecting lead 8 to the energy supply device 5, and a trip diode 7, connected anti-parallel and attached at another point of the sleeve 2, connects the sleeve 2 with a second connecting lead 9 of the energy supply device 5.
  • the power supply for the ozonizer as described is not limited to alternating current, but can also be provided by pulsating current.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
US06/224,698 1980-01-14 1981-01-13 Ozonizer with sleeve electrodes Expired - Fee Related US4410495A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH251/80 1980-01-14
CH25180A CH642606A5 (de) 1980-01-14 1980-01-14 Ozonisator.

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CH (1) CH642606A5 (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE3005040A1 (OSRAM)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4603031A (en) * 1985-05-28 1986-07-29 Gelbman Howard A Ozone generator
US4877588A (en) * 1988-06-17 1989-10-31 Trineos Method and apparatus for generating ozone by corona discharge
US5008087A (en) * 1990-06-06 1991-04-16 American Ozone Systems, Inc. Ozone generator apparatus and method
US5087428A (en) * 1990-05-30 1992-02-11 Systemes Ozonics Inc. Air purifying system
US5145350A (en) * 1991-01-25 1992-09-08 Cleantech International, Inc. Ozone generator
US5147614A (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-09-15 Conrad Richard H Self-contained tubular corona cell for generating ozone
US5169606A (en) * 1990-06-06 1992-12-08 American Ozone Systems, Inc. Ozone generator apparatus
US5306471A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-04-26 Harbert Matthew G Concentric ozonator tube assesmbly
US5516493A (en) * 1991-02-21 1996-05-14 Bell; Maxwell G. Method and apparatus for producing ozone by corona discharge
US5630990A (en) * 1994-11-07 1997-05-20 T I Properties, Inc. Ozone generator with releasable connector and grounded current collector
WO1997040930A1 (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-06 Novetek Octane Enhancement, Ltd. Method and apparatus for oxidizing an organic liquid
US5766560A (en) * 1996-02-02 1998-06-16 Ozone Industries Limited Ozone generator
WO1999015267A1 (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 Aea Technology Plc Corona discharge reactor
US6015759A (en) * 1997-12-08 2000-01-18 Quester Technology, Inc. Surface modification of semiconductors using electromagnetic radiation
US6049086A (en) * 1998-02-12 2000-04-11 Quester Technology, Inc. Large area silent discharge excitation radiator
US6309514B1 (en) 1994-11-07 2001-10-30 Ti Properties, Inc. Process for breaking chemical bonds
RU2227119C2 (ru) * 2002-07-22 2004-04-20 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова Электрический озонатор
US20040074252A1 (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-04-22 Shelton James J. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US20040131513A1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2004-07-08 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma treatment of processing gases
US20050087554A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2005-04-28 Shelton James J. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US20050203585A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-15 Best Health Products, Inc. Water electrode
US7029637B2 (en) 2003-01-09 2006-04-18 H203, Inc. Apparatus for ozone production, employing line and grooved electrodes
US20070057389A1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2007-03-15 Davis Kenneth A Sanitized Water Dispenser
US7422684B1 (en) 2003-10-16 2008-09-09 S.I.P. Technologies, L.L.C. Method and apparatus for sanitizing water dispensed from a water dispenser having a reservoir
US9466950B2 (en) 2012-12-07 2016-10-11 Ene29 S.Ar.L. Co-axial commutation spark gap

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3215370A1 (de) * 1982-04-24 1983-11-03 Böger-Kommerz KG, 6204 Taunusstein Glasroehre zur erzeugung von einem ozon-sauerstoffgemisch
US4541989A (en) * 1983-01-27 1985-09-17 Oxytech, Inc. Process and device for the generation of ozone via the anodic oxidation of water
DE19725524C1 (de) * 1997-06-17 1998-10-01 Schott Geraete Montierbares Kontaktelement für eine Röhre mit einer äußeren Elektrode

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576733A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-04-27 Puromatic Inc Ozonizers
US3730874A (en) * 1970-12-01 1973-05-01 H Trueb Tubular-shaped ozonizer possessing cooled inner electrode
US3800210A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-03-26 Jeumont Schneider System for the electric supply of a variable capacitive load
US3942093A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-03-02 W. R. Grace & Co. Multiple corona generator system
US4138724A (en) * 1976-03-05 1979-02-06 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Control systems of ozonizer systems
DE2921165A1 (de) * 1979-04-30 1980-11-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ozonisator-anspeisungsvorrichtung

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US3833492A (en) * 1971-09-22 1974-09-03 Pollution Control Ind Inc Method of producing ozone
US3883413A (en) * 1972-09-25 1975-05-13 Avco Corp Ozone generator using pulsed electron beam and decaying electric field
DE2332270A1 (de) * 1973-06-25 1975-01-23 Le Elektrotechnitscheskij I Im Einrichtung fuer gasstrombehandlung durch elektrische entladung
US4016060A (en) * 1975-03-13 1977-04-05 Union Carbide Corporation Corona reaction method and apparatus
CA1066659A (en) * 1975-11-17 1979-11-20 Frank E. Lowther Corona reaction method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576733A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-04-27 Puromatic Inc Ozonizers
US3730874A (en) * 1970-12-01 1973-05-01 H Trueb Tubular-shaped ozonizer possessing cooled inner electrode
US3800210A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-03-26 Jeumont Schneider System for the electric supply of a variable capacitive load
US3942093A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-03-02 W. R. Grace & Co. Multiple corona generator system
US4138724A (en) * 1976-03-05 1979-02-06 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Control systems of ozonizer systems
DE2921165A1 (de) * 1979-04-30 1980-11-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ozonisator-anspeisungsvorrichtung

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4603031A (en) * 1985-05-28 1986-07-29 Gelbman Howard A Ozone generator
US4877588A (en) * 1988-06-17 1989-10-31 Trineos Method and apparatus for generating ozone by corona discharge
US5147614A (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-09-15 Conrad Richard H Self-contained tubular corona cell for generating ozone
US5087428A (en) * 1990-05-30 1992-02-11 Systemes Ozonics Inc. Air purifying system
US5008087A (en) * 1990-06-06 1991-04-16 American Ozone Systems, Inc. Ozone generator apparatus and method
US5169606A (en) * 1990-06-06 1992-12-08 American Ozone Systems, Inc. Ozone generator apparatus
US5145350A (en) * 1991-01-25 1992-09-08 Cleantech International, Inc. Ozone generator
WO1994004264A1 (en) * 1991-01-25 1994-03-03 Cleantech International, Inc. Ozone generator
US5516493A (en) * 1991-02-21 1996-05-14 Bell; Maxwell G. Method and apparatus for producing ozone by corona discharge
US5306471A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-04-26 Harbert Matthew G Concentric ozonator tube assesmbly
US6309514B1 (en) 1994-11-07 2001-10-30 Ti Properties, Inc. Process for breaking chemical bonds
US6984364B2 (en) 1994-11-07 2006-01-10 Ati Properties, Inc. Process and apparatus for chemical conversion
US5879641A (en) * 1994-11-07 1999-03-09 T I Properties, Inc. Ozone generator
US5630990A (en) * 1994-11-07 1997-05-20 T I Properties, Inc. Ozone generator with releasable connector and grounded current collector
US6488819B2 (en) 1994-11-07 2002-12-03 Ti Properties, Inc. Process and apparatus for chemical conversion
US20030141180A1 (en) * 1994-11-07 2003-07-31 Conrad Wayne Ernest Process and apparatus for chemical conversion
US5766560A (en) * 1996-02-02 1998-06-16 Ozone Industries Limited Ozone generator
US5824207A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-10-20 Novetek Octane Enhancement, Ltd. Method and apparatus for oxidizing an organic liquid
WO1997040930A1 (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-06 Novetek Octane Enhancement, Ltd. Method and apparatus for oxidizing an organic liquid
WO1999015267A1 (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 Aea Technology Plc Corona discharge reactor
US6015759A (en) * 1997-12-08 2000-01-18 Quester Technology, Inc. Surface modification of semiconductors using electromagnetic radiation
US6049086A (en) * 1998-02-12 2000-04-11 Quester Technology, Inc. Large area silent discharge excitation radiator
US7175054B2 (en) 1998-12-23 2007-02-13 S.I.P. Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US20060191960A1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2006-08-31 Shelton James J Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler resevoir
US7748233B2 (en) 1998-12-23 2010-07-06 S.I.P. Technologies L.L.C. Sanitized water dispenser
US20070057389A1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2007-03-15 Davis Kenneth A Sanitized Water Dispenser
US20050087554A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2005-04-28 Shelton James J. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US20040131513A1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2004-07-08 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma treatment of processing gases
US7640766B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2010-01-05 S.I.P. Technologies L.L.C. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US20040074252A1 (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-04-22 Shelton James J. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
US8056358B1 (en) 2002-06-17 2011-11-15 S.I.P. Technologies L.L.C. Method and apparatus for disinfecting a refrigerated water cooler reservoir
RU2227119C2 (ru) * 2002-07-22 2004-04-20 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова Электрический озонатор
US7029637B2 (en) 2003-01-09 2006-04-18 H203, Inc. Apparatus for ozone production, employing line and grooved electrodes
US7422684B1 (en) 2003-10-16 2008-09-09 S.I.P. Technologies, L.L.C. Method and apparatus for sanitizing water dispensed from a water dispenser having a reservoir
US8007666B1 (en) 2003-10-16 2011-08-30 S.I.P. Technologies L.L.C. Apparatus for sanitizing water dispensed from a water dispenser having a reservoir
US20050203585A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-15 Best Health Products, Inc. Water electrode
US9466950B2 (en) 2012-12-07 2016-10-11 Ene29 S.Ar.L. Co-axial commutation spark gap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3005040C2 (OSRAM) 1988-08-11
DE3005040A1 (de) 1981-07-16
CH642606A5 (de) 1984-04-30

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