US4360747A - Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter - Google Patents

Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter Download PDF

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Publication number
US4360747A
US4360747A US06/185,459 US18545980A US4360747A US 4360747 A US4360747 A US 4360747A US 18545980 A US18545980 A US 18545980A US 4360747 A US4360747 A US 4360747A
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Prior art keywords
transistor
coupled
ramp
generating
threshold
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/185,459
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English (en)
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John O. Ryan
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Ampex Corp
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Ampex Corp
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Assigned to AMPEX CORPORATION reassignment AMPEX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RYAN JOHN O.
Priority to US06/185,459 priority Critical patent/US4360747A/en
Priority to GB8126225A priority patent/GB2083717B/en
Priority to CA000384842A priority patent/CA1169497A/en
Priority to FR8116991A priority patent/FR2490040B1/fr
Priority to NL8104165A priority patent/NL8104165A/xx
Priority to JP56141606A priority patent/JPS5780890A/ja
Priority to BE0/205895A priority patent/BE890262A/fr
Priority to DE3135752A priority patent/DE3135752C2/de
Priority to IT49260/81A priority patent/IT1142750B/it
Publication of US4360747A publication Critical patent/US4360747A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to HK473/89A priority patent/HK47389A/xx
Assigned to AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION A DE CORP. reassignment AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION A DE CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AMPEX CORPORATION A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA
Assigned to AMPEX CORPORATION reassignment AMPEX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION, A DE CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/16—Networks for phase shifting
    • H03H11/20—Two-port phase shifters providing an adjustable phase shift

Definitions

  • the invention relates to circuits for controlling the phase of a sinewave, and particularly to a simple, temperature stable, voltage controlled phase shifter for remotely shifting the phase of an output signal relative to an input signal.
  • each camera must not only be genlocked together, but must also be phased with respect to all other cameras in the studio.
  • a phased condition is required, for example, whereby camera output signals fed to a switcher may be properly cut, mixed, faded, etc., without loss of color information.
  • Remote controlled phase shifting is available in one example of the prior art, wherein a relatively complex two channel system is employed, first to make a coarse phase correction, and thereafter a fine phase correction.
  • a complex system is correspondingly less desirable.
  • Such a system is illustrated by way of example only, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,044 to D. W. Breitmaschine.
  • the basic problem in the design of a subcarrier phase shifter is that of stability.
  • a sinewave of an amplitude of generally two volts peak-to-peak The phase shifting circuit should have the capability of varying the output signal with respect to the input signal over a range of at least 360°.
  • the subcarrier phases must be detected and shifted within a degree or so of each other.
  • One degree at the subcarrier frequency corresponds to a time increment of the order of two-thirds of a nanosecond in the NTSC color television standard, and even less time in the PAL standard. Therefore, it follows that the circuit must be as simple as possible and must be extremely stable with respect to temperature, drift, etc., while still providing the full range of 360° of control.
  • the invention overcomes the above mentioned shortcomings of the prior art by providing an extremely simple, yet very stable and accurate circuit, for remotely adjusting the phase shift of a subcarrier signal.
  • an input subcarrier is fed to a ramp generator which performs the dual functions of a divide-by-two circuit, while generating a ramp with very fast flyback at half the subcarrier frequency.
  • the ramp is fed to a very fast differential comparator which also receives a control DC voltage level to set the threshold of the comparator.
  • the comparator When the ramp level crosses the threshold level, the comparator generates a sharp pulse which causes a subsequent tuned circuit to ring at the subcarrier frequency to reproduce continuous, damped oscillations.
  • the damped oscillations are refreshed every two subcarrier cycles to produce a slightly damped oscillation which is rich in harmonics.
  • the oscillation is cleaned up via a crystal filter, which generates the output subcarrier as a clean sinewave at the subcarrier frequency.
  • the phase of the oscillation is determined by the sharp pulse and thus by the threshold voltage whereby the phase of the output subcarrier may be shifted from zero through 360° relative to that of the input subcarrier, by adjusting the threshold of the comparator.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting the underlying theory of the phase shifter of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram exemplifying an implementation of the invention combination.
  • FIGS. 3A-3F is a graph depicting the waveforms generated at various points along the circuit of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram depicting the principle involved.
  • An input subcarrier in the form of a sinewave, is fed via input 8 to means 10 for dividing the subcarrier frequency by two.
  • a ramp with very fast flyback is generated from the half frequency signal via a ramp generator 12, whereby the length of the ramp is two cycles of input subcarrier minus the flyback time.
  • the ramp is applied to one input of a very fast differential comparator 14, while a DC control voltage is applied to the other input via a subcarrier phase control line 16.
  • the output of the comparator 14 is a sharp pulse whose leading edge 15 corresponds in time to the threshold 17 set on the comparator 14 by the control voltage 16. That is, whenever the ramp level crosses the threshold level, the comparator 14 output goes high to generate the leading edge 15.
  • the pulse is fed to a tuned circuit 18, whereby the leading edge 15 causes the tuned circuit to ring at the subcarrier frequency, to thus reproduce continuous oscillations, at the output 20, which defines the output subcarrier.
  • the phase of the oscillations is uniquely determined by the edge 15 produced by the comparator 14, whereby the time of occurrance of the edge is determined in turn by the threshold voltage.
  • adjusting the control voltage on line 16 to the comparator 14 likewise adjusts the phase of the input subcarrier, over a range of zero through 360°.
  • the schematic diagram of FIG. 2 depicts a circuit which achieves a divide-by-two function while also generating the ramp of one-half subcarrier frequency, without the need for divider circuits, etc.
  • the circuit is very simple and thus readily added to a portable, high performance camera, has essentially no delay, and thus is very stable with respect to temperature, drift, etc.
  • the input subcarrier on input 8 comprises a sinewave of 2 volts peak-to-peak at the subcarrier frequency of 3.58 megaHertz (MHz) for the NTSC color television standard, and 4.43 MHz for the PAL standard.
  • one cycle interval of subcarrier is approximately 280 nanoseconds (ns) in NTSC, as depicted in FIG. 3A.
  • Input 8 is coupled to the base of a transistor 22 of a transistor pair 22, 24. The emitters thereof are coupled together and thence to the collector of a transistor 26. The collector of transistor 22 is coupled to a common reference -7.5 volt source at 28.
  • the collector of transistor 24 is coupled to the -7.5 volt source via a resistor, and to ground via a parallel resistor and a Schottky diode 30.
  • the common -7.5 volt source is derived via a -7.5 volt supply and inductor, and is coupled to ground via a bypass capacitor 32.
  • the base of transistor 24 is grounded.
  • the emitter of the transistor 26 is coupled to a reference +5 volt source 34 configured as the -7.5 volt source 28.
  • the base of transistor 26 is coupled to the collector of a transistor 36 as well as to the +5 volt source via a diode/resistor circuit 38.
  • the base of the transistor 36 is coupled to the collector of the transistor 24, while the emitter of the former is coupled to the base of a transistor 40 of a pair of transistors 40, 42 which form the differential comparator 14 of previous mention.
  • the emitter of transistor 36 is also coupled to the -7.5 volt source 28 via a resistor 44, and to ground via a capacitor 46.
  • the emitters of transistors 40, 42 are joined and coupled to the +5 volt source 34 via a resistor.
  • the collector of transistor 42 is coupled to the -7.5 volt source 28.
  • the collector of transistor 40 is coupled to source 28 via an inductor 48, and also provides the output from the comparator 14 to the base of a transistor 50.
  • the base of transistor 42 is coupled to ground via a capacitor and provides the control command input line 16 for applying the subcarrier phase control command of previous mention to control the threshold level (17 of FIGS. 1,3) of the comparator 14.
  • the base of transistor 50 also is coupled to the -7.5 volt source 28 via a diode/resistor 58, and the emitter is coupled to the source 28.
  • the collector of the transistor 50 is coupled to a tuned circuit 60, formed essentially of a capacitor and inductor 62, 64, which is coupled to the base of a transistor 66.
  • the collector and emitter of transistor 66 are respectively coupled to the +5 and -7.5 volt sources 34, 28.
  • the emitter also is coupled to a crystal filter 68, which includes the capacitor/resistor 70, and which is resonant at the subcarrier frequency of 3.58 MHz in the NTSC color television standard, and at 4.43 MHz in the PAL standard.
  • the filter 68 output is coupled to an emitter follower transistor 72 which forms an output stage to supply the resulting subcarrier to the subsequent encoder via the output 20.
  • a signal of, for example, 2 volts peak-to-peak such as the incoming subcarrier on input 8 (FIG. 3A) will switch the transistor 22 on and off.
  • the transistor 24 is turned on by virtue of the sum of the input voltages being positive and turning transistor 22 off.
  • the transistor 24 collector goes up to, for example, about +0.4 volt.
  • the Schottky diode 30 keeps the transistor 24 out of saturation, thus eliminating storage time.
  • the emitter voltage of transistor 36 will thus be 0.7 volts below that, viz, about -0.3 volt (FIG. 3B). Therefore, the capacitor 46 is also charged to about -0.3 volt.
  • the subcarrier sinewave of FIG. 1A continues through its first cycle, it switches transistor 22 on and transistor 24 off.
  • the collector voltage of transistor 24 drops to some very negative value, e.g., about -3.5 volts, but the emitter voltage of the transistor 36 stays at its prior voltage of about -0.3 volt by virtue of the capacitor 46.
  • the resistor 44 then proceeds to discharge the capacitor 46 towards the reference -7.5 volt source 28. The discharge is logrithmic as depicted in FIG. 3B.
  • the base voltage of the transistor 36 when it was turned off, dropped to some negative voltage such as about -3.3 volts.
  • the transistor 36 will begin to turn on again. In doing so, the current flowing through the transistor 36 by virtue of the diode/resistor 38, will turn on the transistor 26 which provides current again to the input differential pair of transistors 22, 24.
  • the capacitor voltage is held until the subcarrier goes through about one-half cycle, i.e., goes below ground, at which time the transistor 24 cuts off again and the whole cycle repeats itself.
  • a negative going logrithmic ramp with a very short flyback period is generated at the emitter of transistor 36, wherein the length of the ramp is about 11/2 cycles of the input subcarrier signal, i.e., about 550° (FIG. 3B).
  • the time constant of the capacitor 46/resistor 44 the time of discharge is controlled, thus assuring that the circuit only triggers on every second cycle of the incoming sinewave. Accordingly, the above circuit provides a very fast, stable, divide-by-two means combined with a ramp generator as well.
  • the ramp so generated is then applied to a differential comparator, with threshold control applied to one input, whereby a full 360° range (preferably a 370° range) is picked off the approximately 550° range generated (FIG. 3B), by selecting the operating voltages of the comparator 14.
  • the emitter of the transistor 36 supplies the ramp to one input of the comparator 14, i.e., the base of the transistor 40, while the subcarrier phase control command is applied via line 16 to the other input, i.e., the base of transistor 42.
  • the control command on line 16 is a DC voltage which may be varied from -1 to -3 volts.
  • Phase adjustment is provided by selectively varying the DC control voltage which, in turn, sets the threshold 17 (FIG. 3B) of the comparator 14. The threshold determines where the sawtooth waveform is sliced.
  • This oscillation is fed via the transistor 66 to the crystal filter 68, which is very stable and resonant at the subcarrier frequency.
  • the filter 68 removes virtually all the harmonics and produces a clean sinewave at the base of the output transistor 72.
  • the latter supplies the output subcarrier corresponding to the sinewave of FIG. 3F, via its emitter and the output 20.
  • phase shifter circuit of description herein receives an input sinewave of given frequency, and generates an output sinewave of the same frequency, wherein the phase difference between the input and output sinewaves can be remotely adjusted, over at least a 360° range via the subcarrier phase control command.
  • the circuit is temperature stable since it utilizes very fast components with no storage time and thus negligible delay.
  • the simplicity of the circuit allows it to be readily included in very small and thus portable, high performance cameras, with a fully automatic setup system.
  • the circuit provides a simple, compact system for remotely controlling the phase of a subcarrier signal.

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  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
US06/185,459 1980-09-09 1980-09-09 Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter Expired - Lifetime US4360747A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/185,459 US4360747A (en) 1980-09-09 1980-09-09 Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter
GB8126225A GB2083717B (en) 1980-09-09 1981-08-27 Controlled phase shifter
CA000384842A CA1169497A (en) 1980-09-09 1981-08-28 Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter
BE0/205895A BE890262A (fr) 1980-09-09 1981-09-08 Dephaseur pour decaler a distance les phases de signaux d'entree et de sortie ayant une meme frequence choisie
NL8104165A NL8104165A (nl) 1980-09-09 1981-09-08 Door een spanning bestuurbaar fazeverschuivende inrichting voor een subdraaggolf.
JP56141606A JPS5780890A (en) 1980-09-09 1981-09-08 Voltage controlled sub carrier phase shifter
FR8116991A FR2490040B1 (fr) 1980-09-09 1981-09-08 Dephaseur pour decaler a distance les phases de signaux d'entree et de sortie ayant une meme frequence choisie
DE3135752A DE3135752C2 (de) 1980-09-09 1981-09-09 Phasenschieber
IT49260/81A IT1142750B (it) 1980-09-09 1981-09-09 Circuito variatore di fase si sottoportante per telecamere
HK473/89A HK47389A (en) 1980-09-09 1989-06-15 Controlled phase shifters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/185,459 US4360747A (en) 1980-09-09 1980-09-09 Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter

Publications (1)

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US4360747A true US4360747A (en) 1982-11-23

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US06/185,459 Expired - Lifetime US4360747A (en) 1980-09-09 1980-09-09 Voltage controlled subcarrier phase shifter

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US (1) US4360747A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5780890A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE890262A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1169497A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3135752C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2490040B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2083717B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HK (1) HK47389A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1142750B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL8104165A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431969A (en) * 1980-12-12 1984-02-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Clock pulse phase shifter
US5134496A (en) * 1989-05-26 1992-07-28 Technicolor Videocassette Of Michigan Inc. Bilateral anti-copying device for video systems
US5227671A (en) * 1992-04-14 1993-07-13 Quantum Corporation Circuit providing equalized duty cycle output
US5317199A (en) * 1992-05-01 1994-05-31 Analog Devices, Inc. Ramp generator system
WO1996034455A1 (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-10-31 Analog Devices, Inc. Asymmetrical ramp generator system
US6194936B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2001-02-27 Rohm Co., Ltd. Pulse generator provided with a duty-factor limiting function
US20110267030A1 (en) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 Roach Steven D Driving an electronic instrument
US8502522B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-08-06 Teradyne, Inc. Multi-level triggering circuit
US8542005B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-09-24 Teradyne, Inc. Connecting digital storage oscilloscopes
CN115986344A (zh) * 2023-03-21 2023-04-18 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 一种电调差分移相器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912576A (en) * 1953-04-30 1959-11-10 Siemens Ag Impulse timing chain circuits
US3166718A (en) * 1962-09-28 1965-01-19 Joseph J Zyskowski Pulse generator employing shock-excited circuit and first and second variable-bias means for stability and frequency adjustment
US3569842A (en) * 1968-07-29 1971-03-09 Bendix Corp Pulse delay circuit
US3601708A (en) * 1970-02-16 1971-08-24 Kollsman Instr Corp Frequency independent constant phase shift system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4183044A (en) * 1977-05-30 1980-01-08 Rca Corporation Remote control TV subcarrier phase shifter system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912576A (en) * 1953-04-30 1959-11-10 Siemens Ag Impulse timing chain circuits
US3166718A (en) * 1962-09-28 1965-01-19 Joseph J Zyskowski Pulse generator employing shock-excited circuit and first and second variable-bias means for stability and frequency adjustment
US3569842A (en) * 1968-07-29 1971-03-09 Bendix Corp Pulse delay circuit
US3601708A (en) * 1970-02-16 1971-08-24 Kollsman Instr Corp Frequency independent constant phase shift system

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431969A (en) * 1980-12-12 1984-02-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Clock pulse phase shifter
US5134496A (en) * 1989-05-26 1992-07-28 Technicolor Videocassette Of Michigan Inc. Bilateral anti-copying device for video systems
US5227671A (en) * 1992-04-14 1993-07-13 Quantum Corporation Circuit providing equalized duty cycle output
US5317199A (en) * 1992-05-01 1994-05-31 Analog Devices, Inc. Ramp generator system
WO1996034455A1 (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-10-31 Analog Devices, Inc. Asymmetrical ramp generator system
US5574392A (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-11-12 Analog Devices, Inc. Asymmetrical ramp generator system
US6194936B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2001-02-27 Rohm Co., Ltd. Pulse generator provided with a duty-factor limiting function
USRE41791E1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2010-10-05 Rohm Co., Ltd. Pulse generator provided with a duty-factor limiting function
US20110267030A1 (en) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 Roach Steven D Driving an electronic instrument
US8502522B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-08-06 Teradyne, Inc. Multi-level triggering circuit
US8531176B2 (en) * 2010-04-28 2013-09-10 Teradyne, Inc. Driving an electronic instrument
US8542005B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2013-09-24 Teradyne, Inc. Connecting digital storage oscilloscopes
CN115986344A (zh) * 2023-03-21 2023-04-18 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 一种电调差分移相器
CN115986344B (zh) * 2023-03-21 2023-06-23 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 一种电调差分移相器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1142750B (it) 1986-10-15
FR2490040B1 (fr) 1988-10-28
CA1169497A (en) 1984-06-19
IT8149260A0 (it) 1981-09-09
NL8104165A (nl) 1982-04-01
JPH0234237B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-08-02
DE3135752C2 (de) 1983-12-08
GB2083717A (en) 1982-03-24
FR2490040A1 (fr) 1982-03-12
GB2083717B (en) 1984-04-11
JPS5780890A (en) 1982-05-20
DE3135752A1 (de) 1982-04-01
HK47389A (en) 1989-06-23
BE890262A (fr) 1982-01-04

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