US4340019A - Internal combustion diesel engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US4340019A
US4340019A US06/219,993 US21999380A US4340019A US 4340019 A US4340019 A US 4340019A US 21999380 A US21999380 A US 21999380A US 4340019 A US4340019 A US 4340019A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion chamber
combustion
auxiliary chamber
internal combustion
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US06/219,993
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English (en)
Inventor
Konrad Barnert
Ingolf Lohner
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Assigned to VOLKSWAGENWERK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment VOLKSWAGENWERK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BARNERT, KONRAD, LOHNER, INGOLF
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/14—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion diesel engine having a piston sliding in a cylinder and closed by a cylinder head forming the main combustion chamber.
  • a pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the cylinder head and communicates by a connecting passage with the main combustion chamber, with a fuel injection nozzle and a glow plug arranged to project into the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the injection and subsequent self-ignition of the injected fuel takes place in the pre-combustion chamber, which is designed in general as a turbulence chamber.
  • the volume of the pre-combustion chamber is usually about 30-60% of the total compression volume of the main combustion chamber of the corresponding cylinder.
  • the gas flame ignites through the connecting passage into the main chamber.
  • the main combustion chamber is formed essentially by a trough-shaped recess incorporated into the face of the piston.
  • the trough-shaped recess in the piston distributes the flame gases as uniformly as possible through the entire remaining portion of the main combustion chamber between the face of the piston and the cylinder head. This helps to assure extensive combustion of the entire mixture and a resulting high degree of efficiency of the diesel engine.
  • combustion in an internal combustion diesel engine of the abovementioned type is improved to reduce substantially the formation of the black smoke, with no need for reduction in engine performance.
  • a smaller auxiliary chamber which communicates with the pre-combustion chamber by a nozzle-shaped aperture.
  • the additional auxiliary chamber has a volume preferably of about 5-20% of the volume of the pre-combustion chamber, and serves to store oxygen until after ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the pre-combustion chamber is initiated.
  • the stored air in the auxiliary chamber is pulled out through the nozzle-shaped connecting aperture between the auxiliary and pre-combustion chambers and introduced into the pre-combustion turbulence chamber. This causes a prolonging of the combustion time and results in a more complete combustion and scavenging of the air-fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the auxiliary chamber is designed as a recess encircling the glow plug, and communicates with the pre-combustion chamber by a ring slot gap remaining between the glow plug and the glow plug mounting bore.
  • the auxiliary chamber may be arranged on the periphery of the pre-combustion chamber so that its nozzle shaped apertures lies within the injection path of the injection jet of the fuel injection nozzle.
  • some of the injected fuel also reaches the auxiliary chamber, so that combustion takes place there as well.
  • the combustion process may be further improved by coating the walls of the auxiliary chamber with a catalytically active material.
  • a catalytically active material may consist, for example, of platinum, rhodium, palladium, or other noble metals.
  • other non-noble metal catalysts for example, copper-chromium-nickel alloys may be used.
  • the catalytic coating of the auxiliary chamber surface will then cause accelerated oxidation at lower temperatures, so that the idling properties of the diesel engine may be improved.
  • the auxiliary chamber may be filled with a porous material having a high oxygen-storage capacity, for example, a ceramic material containing zirconium or a zirconium compound.
  • a porous material having a high oxygen-storage capacity for example, a ceramic material containing zirconium or a zirconium compound.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a portion of an internal combustion diesel engine having a turbulence pre-combustion chamber and auxiliary chamber according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through a portion of a pre-combustion chamber for a turbulence-chamber diesel engine, embodying a third form of the invention.
  • an internal combustion diesel engine includes a cylinder block 1, a sliding piston 2 which is contained in the bore of a cylinder 1, to form a main combustion chamber 4 between the piston 2 and a cylinder head 3.
  • a pre-combustion chamber 6 is arranged which communicates by a connecting passage 7 with the main combustion chamber 4.
  • the main combustion chamber 4 is formed essentially by a trough-shaped recess 5 incorporated in the face of the piston.
  • An insert 8 is interposed between the pre-combustion chamber 6 and the main chamber 4 and contains the connecting passage 7.
  • An injection nozzle 10 is arranged in the cylinder head 3 and projects into the pre-combustion chamber 6; also a glow plug 12, mounted in a mounting bore 11, projects directly into the pre-combustion chamber 6.
  • the auxiliary chamber 13 is in the form of a recess encircling the glow plug.
  • the recess 13 communicates with the precombustion chamber by a ring slot 14 which is formed between the glow plug 12 and the glow plug mounting bore 11.
  • the mixture is relatively rich and thus will not have sufficient oxygen for complete combustion, especially at high loads.
  • additional stored air is available which may be supplied to the pre-combustion chamber to continue the combustion process.
  • the flame burning in the pre-combustion chamber and passing into the main combustion chamber 4 by the connecting passage 7 draws air stored in the auxiliary chamber 13 through the nozzle-shaped ring slot 14 into the pre-combustion chamber 6, thus prolonging combustion in the pre-combustion chamber 6.
  • the combustion process is markedly improved.
  • the formation of the troublesome and harmful black smoke which would otherwise occur at full engine load is substantially reduced.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative form of the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the auxiliary chamber 15 is formed as a recess in the cylinder head 3 on the periphery of the pre-combustion chamber 6.
  • a ring 17 with a nozzle-shaped connecting aperture 16 is screwed into the chamber-shaped recess, and connects the auxiliary chamber 15 with the pre-combustion chamber 6.
  • FIG. 3 A third form of the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the auxiliary chamber 18 is formed in the insert 8a separating the pre-combustion chamber from the main chamber 4.
  • the outside portion of the auxiliary chamber 18 is formed by a screw-in insert 20, and communication with the pre-combustion chamber is provided by a nozzle-shaped bore 19.
  • fuel exiting from the fuel injection device 10, directed through the connecting passage 9, is injected into the pre-combustion chamber 6 in more or less an injection path, designated as 21.
  • the auxiliary chamber 18 and nozzle-shaped bore 19 are arranged to lie in the path 21 of the injection jet of the fuel injection nozzle, so that a portion of the fuel injected into the pre-combustion chamber 6 from the fuel injection nozzle 10 likewise reaches the smaller auxiliary chamber 18, which preferably has a volume of about 5-20% of the volume of the pre-combustion chamber 6.
  • a catalytically active material for example a noble metal such as platinum or the like, or with a non-noble metal catalyst.
  • the auxiliary chamber may be filled fully or partially with a porous material having a high capacity for the storage of oxygen, for example a ceramic metal containing zirconium or a zirconium compound.
  • a porous material having a high capacity for the storage of oxygen for example a ceramic metal containing zirconium or a zirconium compound.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
US06/219,993 1978-02-07 1980-12-23 Internal combustion diesel engine Expired - Fee Related US4340019A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2805133 1978-02-07
DE2805133A DE2805133C2 (de) 1978-02-07 1978-02-07 Luftverdichtende selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschine

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06007327 Continuation 1979-01-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4340019A true US4340019A (en) 1982-07-20

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ID=6031346

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/219,993 Expired - Fee Related US4340019A (en) 1978-02-07 1980-12-23 Internal combustion diesel engine

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US (1) US4340019A (de)
DE (1) DE2805133C2 (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4462354A (en) * 1979-02-01 1984-07-31 Lucas Industries Limited Starting aids for internal combustion engines
US4508066A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-04-02 Ford Motor Company Ceramic head for internal combustion engine
US4543931A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-10-01 Mazda Motor Corporation Engine intake system
US4574754A (en) * 1982-08-16 1986-03-11 Rhoades Jr Warren A Stratified charge combustion system and method for gaseous fuel internal combustion engines
US4590902A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-05-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Internal combustion engine
US4714062A (en) * 1983-04-27 1987-12-22 Kyocera Corporation Sub-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4903656A (en) * 1988-12-29 1990-02-27 Yanmar Deisel Engine Co., Ltd. Gas engine
US5144924A (en) * 1989-12-04 1992-09-08 Oy Wartsila Diesel International Ltd. Internal combustion engne, and method for achieving ignition of fuel in an internal combustion engine
US5222993A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-06-29 Gas Research Institute Ignition system for water-cooled gas engines
US5678518A (en) * 1994-09-03 1997-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Auxiliary starter, particularly for diesel engines
US6655369B2 (en) * 2001-08-01 2003-12-02 Diesel Engine Transformations Llc Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
US20110056445A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-03-10 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US20110108009A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-05-12 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US20110118957A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-05-19 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
WO2012103672A1 (zh) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Jin Beibiao 阻尼通道发电机
CN108730015A (zh) * 2018-05-22 2018-11-02 上海交通大学 一种带副燃烧室的发动机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2477640A1 (fr) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-11 Rockwell International Corp Systeme d'injection indirecte pour moteur diesel et son procede de mise en oeuvre

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2151432A (en) * 1937-07-03 1939-03-21 Leo Corp Method of operating internal combustion engines
US2674983A (en) * 1948-09-27 1954-04-13 Daimler Benz Ag Internal-combustion engine
US2799256A (en) * 1948-10-01 1957-07-16 Daimler Benz Ag Fuel-injection engine
US3058452A (en) * 1959-03-14 1962-10-16 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Internal combustion engines
US3244159A (en) * 1962-09-13 1966-04-05 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Fuel injection internal combustion engine
US3776212A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-12-04 B Karlowitz Method for emission control for spark ignition engines
US3890940A (en) * 1972-05-25 1975-06-24 Hans List Internal combustion engine with indirect fuel injection
US4066045A (en) * 1974-08-08 1978-01-03 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine provided with precombustion chamber
US4124000A (en) * 1976-11-03 1978-11-07 General Motors Corporation Mixed cycle stratified charge engine with ignition antechamber
US4175531A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-11-27 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine with an auxiliary combustion chamber

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB440046A (en) * 1934-07-28 1935-12-19 Arthur Freeman Sanders Combustion chambers of compression-ignition engines
FR808058A (fr) * 1936-02-22 1937-01-28 Moteur à combustion à injection

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2151432A (en) * 1937-07-03 1939-03-21 Leo Corp Method of operating internal combustion engines
US2674983A (en) * 1948-09-27 1954-04-13 Daimler Benz Ag Internal-combustion engine
US2799256A (en) * 1948-10-01 1957-07-16 Daimler Benz Ag Fuel-injection engine
US3058452A (en) * 1959-03-14 1962-10-16 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Internal combustion engines
US3244159A (en) * 1962-09-13 1966-04-05 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Fuel injection internal combustion engine
US3776212A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-12-04 B Karlowitz Method for emission control for spark ignition engines
US3890940A (en) * 1972-05-25 1975-06-24 Hans List Internal combustion engine with indirect fuel injection
US4066045A (en) * 1974-08-08 1978-01-03 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine provided with precombustion chamber
US4175531A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-11-27 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine with an auxiliary combustion chamber
US4124000A (en) * 1976-11-03 1978-11-07 General Motors Corporation Mixed cycle stratified charge engine with ignition antechamber

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4462354A (en) * 1979-02-01 1984-07-31 Lucas Industries Limited Starting aids for internal combustion engines
US4574754A (en) * 1982-08-16 1986-03-11 Rhoades Jr Warren A Stratified charge combustion system and method for gaseous fuel internal combustion engines
US4543931A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-10-01 Mazda Motor Corporation Engine intake system
US4714062A (en) * 1983-04-27 1987-12-22 Kyocera Corporation Sub-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4508066A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-04-02 Ford Motor Company Ceramic head for internal combustion engine
US4590902A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-05-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Internal combustion engine
US4903656A (en) * 1988-12-29 1990-02-27 Yanmar Deisel Engine Co., Ltd. Gas engine
US5144924A (en) * 1989-12-04 1992-09-08 Oy Wartsila Diesel International Ltd. Internal combustion engne, and method for achieving ignition of fuel in an internal combustion engine
US5222993A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-06-29 Gas Research Institute Ignition system for water-cooled gas engines
US5678518A (en) * 1994-09-03 1997-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Auxiliary starter, particularly for diesel engines
US6655369B2 (en) * 2001-08-01 2003-12-02 Diesel Engine Transformations Llc Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
US20050016512A1 (en) * 2001-08-01 2005-01-27 Gillston Lionel M. Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
US7527048B2 (en) 2001-08-01 2009-05-05 Diesel Engine Transformation Llc Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
US20110056445A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-03-10 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US20110108009A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-05-12 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US20110118957A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2011-05-19 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US8667951B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2014-03-11 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
US8800536B2 (en) * 2006-04-18 2014-08-12 Megaion Research Corporation System and method for preparing an optimized fuel mixture
WO2012103672A1 (zh) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Jin Beibiao 阻尼通道发电机
CN108730015A (zh) * 2018-05-22 2018-11-02 上海交通大学 一种带副燃烧室的发动机
CN108730015B (zh) * 2018-05-22 2020-03-06 上海交通大学 一种带副燃烧室的发动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2805133C2 (de) 1984-05-17
DE2805133A1 (de) 1979-08-09

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