US4192146A - Process for the recovery of energy and in particular for the recovery of heat on the heat pump principle - Google Patents

Process for the recovery of energy and in particular for the recovery of heat on the heat pump principle Download PDF

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Publication number
US4192146A
US4192146A US05/820,435 US82043577A US4192146A US 4192146 A US4192146 A US 4192146A US 82043577 A US82043577 A US 82043577A US 4192146 A US4192146 A US 4192146A
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Prior art keywords
heat
water
ice
ambient
thermal energy
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US05/820,435
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English (en)
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Helfried Crede
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19762634233 external-priority patent/DE2634233B1/de
Priority claimed from DE19772715075 external-priority patent/DE2715075A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V50/00—Use of heat from natural sources, e.g. from the sea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • heat pump For obtaining heat from ambient sources of heat, such as air and soil, water and also direct solar radiation, there is available a circulation process known as "heat pump".
  • a cold medium which is brought to a low temperature by adiabatic evaporation, is brought into heat exchange relationship with the ambient heat source.
  • the heated cold medium is heated to a high temperature by compression, whereupon it gives up heat to a heating circuit in a heat exchanger.
  • Water which basically would be well suited for obtaining heat for heating purposes, is available in sufficient quantities only in exceptional cases as soil water or surface water.
  • winter which is the season of greatest heating solar radiation is so slight owing to the low position of the sun and frequent occurrence of cloud, that it cannot be resorted to to cater for more than a basic need for heating.
  • the invention is based on the problem of providing a process in which generally available ambient heat sources can be used for the economic recovery of energy and in particular for the recovery of heat for heating purposes and periods of frost can be bridged.
  • Ambient heat sources that are generally available, are e.g. the ambient air, soil, rain water, melted snow water, domestic waste water, solar radiation.
  • the starting point of the process according to the invention is the fact that even in our latitudes in winter the ambient temperature, apart from a few periods of frost, is generally above 0° C. and frequently well above this.
  • the process according to the invention provides between the ambient sources and the circulation path for the cooling medium of the "heat pump" a water reservoir which on the one hand is in heat exchange relationship with the cooling medium of the heat pump, in order to draw heat from the water into the cooling medium, taking into account the formation of ice, and to which on the other hand heat is fed from the ambient heat sources to melt ice that has formed.
  • one or more of the said ambient heat sources are always available. Periods of frost can be bridged by providing a large water reservoir of e.g. 20-50 m 3 as a heat store or buffer. Then during periods of frost ice is produced which is remelted later when the frost periods are over by means of the said ambient heat sources. If the period of frost lasts for a long time the relatively cheap off-peak current can be utilized for melting the ice.
  • the heat store or buffer owing to its low temperature, viz. 0° C., does not undergo any loss of energy by heat radiation, conduction or convection, in contrast when embedded in "warm” soil affords a recovery of energy.
  • the water reservoir fulfils a further important function. Whilst with direct heat exchange of the ambient air with the cooling medium of the heat pump rapid icing of the vaporiser and hence a complete cessation of the flow of heat from the air into the cooling medium is to be expected, in the case of the present process the ambient air is brought into heat exchange relationship with the water reservoir, which is at a temperature of 0° C., so that the moisture in the air is not deposited as ice. On the contrary, ice is formed on the vaporiser surfaces immersed in water, where it can be satisfactorily be remelted by the water that passes over it and which has been heated by the ambient heat sources.
  • the surfaces of the vaporiser should be made sufficiently large.
  • the deposited ice is also continuously or periodically loosened from the vaporiser surfaces, for which purpose mechanical or thermal loosening processes in accordance with Swiss Pat. Nos. 231 449, 237 313 and German Offenlegungsschrift 25 52 459 are available.
  • the water reservoir may have a substance, e.g. cooking salt, added to it so that a porous ice layer of improved heat conductivity forms which can more easily be loosened, e.g. mechanically.
  • the porosity of the ice layer is attributable to a multiplicity of capillaries in which the salt separates during the formation of ice in the form of highly concentrated sols.
  • Water from the water reservoir is advantageously fed in a closed circuit through a heat exchanger, where it is brought into intensive heat exchange relationship with the ambient air. A part of the moisture in the air will condense, so that heat of condensation given off can additionally be used.
  • water can be fed from the reservoir tank through solar collectors of known construction. Soil heat can be used, the tank for the water reservoir being embedded in the soil. Rain water and melted snow water can be introduced directly into the water reservoir, in which case an overflow should be provided, e.g. into the public system. Domestic waste water, which has an average temperature of about 30° C., must be brought into contact with the water reservoir via a heat exchanger in view of the dirt that it contains.
  • the heated cooling medium is, in the process known as "heat pump", heated to a high temperature by compression, whereupon it gives up its heat in a heat exchanger to a heating circuit. Since the work to be expended in the compressor rises more than proportionally to the temperature difference to be overcome, it is desirable to perform the compression in two stages, the first stage during night time in order to use the cheaper off-peak current and the second stage during the day time when heat is required for heating.
  • the water reservoir is divided into a large primary water reservoir and a smaller secondary water reservoir. During the night the secondary water reservoir is heated to an intermediate temperature e.g. 40° C.
  • the two-stage compression is not only economical in current; it also permits higher hot water temperatures to be achieved. Since in the summer months, when no heating is required but only hot water, owing to the higher external temperatures the water reservoir also attains a relatively high temperature and there is a thermal gradient to the now relatively colder soil, hence heat would flow away unused, advantageously in these summer months only the secondary water reservoir, which is thermally insulated from the soil, is used.
  • the mutual spacing of the vaporiser tubes is such that the maximum possible ice coating around a vaporiser tube prior to merging with the ice coating of the adjacent vaporiser tube still permits an acceptable flow of heat from the water reservoir to the cooling medium.
  • the outermost vaporiser tubes have to be arranged at a sufficiently long distance from the walls of the container such that the ice coating does not extend to them.
  • the means for anchoring the vaporiser tubes must withstand the forces exterted by the ice.
  • the cooling medium flowing through the vaporiser tubes 2 and heated by the water in the primary container 1 is heated by a compressor V in a first stage and is brought into heat exchange relationship through a secondary container 5 of about 8 m 3 water capacity in order to heat this water to about 40° C. during the night time when the compressor V operates with cheap off-peak current.
  • the cooling medium that condenses is returned to the tubes 2 via a throttle 6.
  • a second cooling medium circuit 7 having a vaporiser 8 immersed in the secondary container 5 extends via the same compressor V into a condenser 9 from which heat at a higher temperature is led away into a heating circuit 10. From the condenser 9 the cooling medium is returned to the vaporiser 8 via a throttle member 11.
  • Cold water from the primary container 1 is pumped by a pump P into a reservoir 14 of the heat exchanger 12. From here the water flows under gravity into a battery of parallel substantially vertical copper tubes 15, which if need be may be passed over by the external air with the aid of a blower 16. The heated water is collected in a lower collecting tube 17 and fed back to the primary container.
  • the domestic waste water collector 13 of about 1 m 3 capacity is connected to the duct system by a down pipe 18.
  • a slide valve 19 holds the down pipe normally closed and opens e.g. by a time-limit switch, when the domestic waste waters have emitted substantially their heat content into the primary water reservoir.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
US05/820,435 1976-07-30 1977-08-01 Process for the recovery of energy and in particular for the recovery of heat on the heat pump principle Expired - Lifetime US4192146A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19762634233 DE2634233B1 (de) 1976-07-30 1976-07-30 Verfahren zur gewinnung von heizwaerme nach dem waermepumpenprinzip
DE2634233 1976-07-30
DE19772715075 DE2715075A1 (de) 1977-04-04 1977-04-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur energiegewinnung aus umgebenden waermequellen
DE2715075 1977-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4192146A true US4192146A (en) 1980-03-11

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US05/820,435 Expired - Lifetime US4192146A (en) 1976-07-30 1977-08-01 Process for the recovery of energy and in particular for the recovery of heat on the heat pump principle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4192146A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5320149A (xx)
CH (1) CH623916A5 (xx)
FR (1) FR2360048A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1573050A (xx)
NL (1) NL7708304A (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461153A (en) * 1980-11-24 1984-07-24 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and apparatus for inoculating crystallization seeds into a liquid latent heat storage substance
US5465585A (en) * 1994-06-16 1995-11-14 Trigen Energy Corporation Method of low-temperature stratified chilled water storage
US5467812A (en) * 1994-08-19 1995-11-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and load leveling capacity
WO1997013105A1 (en) * 1995-10-02 1997-04-10 Trigen Energy Corp. Method of low-temperature stratified chilled water storage
US5678626A (en) * 1994-08-19 1997-10-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and load leveling capacity
WO1999061850A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-02 Evapco International, Inc. Ice thermal storage coil systems and methods
US6178770B1 (en) 1998-10-22 2001-01-30 Evapco International, Inc. Ice-on-coil thermal storage apparatus and method
US6751972B1 (en) 2002-11-18 2004-06-22 Curtis A. Jungwirth Apparatus for simultaneous heating cooling and humidity removal
GB2470400A (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-24 Geoheat Ltd Heat energy collection and storage device comprising a phase change material
US20120132393A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2012-05-31 Skanska Sverige Ab Arrangement and method for storing thermal energy
CN105135750A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-09 大连理工大学 一种适合低温环境的凝固热水源热泵系统
US11543164B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2023-01-03 Melink Solar & Geo, Inc. Super-hybrid heat pump system and method
US11680736B2 (en) 2019-11-19 2023-06-20 Melink Solar & Geo, Inc. Heat pump system utilizing domestic water

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5666655A (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-06-05 Maekawa Seisakusho Kk Method of raising temperature employing heat pump operating in time lag
JPS57192765A (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-26 Kajima Corp Heat pump type waste heat recovery system using ice heat accumulator
US4549816A (en) * 1982-10-13 1985-10-29 Hoxan Corporation Apparatus for measuring melting and boiling points of gas
CN103486761A (zh) * 2013-10-11 2014-01-01 肖强 一种工业废热再利用装置

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US1969187A (en) * 1932-02-19 1934-08-07 Clifton E Schutt Heat balancing system
US1985632A (en) * 1931-11-27 1934-12-25 Frigidaire Corp Brine solution
US3563304A (en) * 1969-01-28 1971-02-16 Carrier Corp Reverse cycle refrigeration system utilizing latent heat storage
DE2160785A1 (de) * 1971-12-08 1973-06-20 Peter Schmidt Einrichtung an hallenbaedern zur deckung der waermeverluste mittels waermepumpen
DE2260462A1 (de) * 1972-12-11 1974-06-12 Walter Vollmer Waermepumpen-speicherheizung
DE2447505A1 (de) * 1973-10-16 1975-06-05 Hugo Ledermann Waermepumpenanlage fuer die raumheizung mit warmwasser
DE2411308A1 (de) * 1974-03-09 1975-09-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heizungs- und/oder klimaanlage
DE2441775A1 (de) * 1974-08-31 1976-03-11 Erich Gross Speicherbehaelter fuer zentralheizungsanlagen
US3952519A (en) * 1973-07-02 1976-04-27 Kay Laboratories, Inc. Heat transfer system employing supercooled fluids
FR2290639A1 (fr) * 1974-11-05 1976-06-04 Mouron Raymond Dispositif de pompe a chaleur a continuite de temperature de la source initiale
DE2552459A1 (de) * 1974-11-28 1976-06-10 Schramel Dieter Mehrphasen-waermepumpenanlagen, insbesondere wasserkraft-waermepumpwerke und fern-waermepumpwerke
US3984050A (en) * 1974-04-18 1976-10-05 Projectus Industriprodukter Ab Heat pump system
US3986344A (en) * 1975-06-16 1976-10-19 Newman Merle E Method and means for reclaiming heat from a sewage disposal system
FR2307235A1 (fr) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-05 Serete Installation de production d'eau chaude
US3991938A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-11-16 Harry Borders Ramey Combination heat pump and low temperature solar heat absorber
US4019338A (en) * 1976-01-09 1977-04-26 Poteet Everett E Heating and cooling system
US4019679A (en) * 1974-12-20 1977-04-26 Interliz Anstalt Thermostatically controlled heating arrangement including a heat pump
US4030312A (en) * 1976-04-07 1977-06-21 Shantzer-Wallin Corporation Heat pumps with solar heat source
US4037650A (en) * 1975-05-23 1977-07-26 National Research Development Corporation Thermal storage apparatus
US4044949A (en) * 1976-02-26 1977-08-30 Ernst Morawetz Heat storage system
US4049045A (en) * 1975-05-21 1977-09-20 Canada Square Management Limited Heating and cooling system for buildings
US4123002A (en) * 1975-12-30 1978-10-31 Saunders Norman B Heating and ventilation system

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CH579247A5 (xx) * 1973-07-04 1976-08-31 Chapuis Henri
DE2407047A1 (de) * 1974-02-14 1975-08-28 Hartmut Wick Waermepumpen-speichersystem
DE2440418A1 (de) * 1974-08-23 1976-03-11 Erich Gross Zentralheizungsanlage
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DE2619744C2 (de) * 1976-05-05 1982-05-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Anlage zum Beheizen eines Gebäudes und zur Warmwasserbereitung

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1985632A (en) * 1931-11-27 1934-12-25 Frigidaire Corp Brine solution
US1969187A (en) * 1932-02-19 1934-08-07 Clifton E Schutt Heat balancing system
US3563304A (en) * 1969-01-28 1971-02-16 Carrier Corp Reverse cycle refrigeration system utilizing latent heat storage
DE2160785A1 (de) * 1971-12-08 1973-06-20 Peter Schmidt Einrichtung an hallenbaedern zur deckung der waermeverluste mittels waermepumpen
DE2260462A1 (de) * 1972-12-11 1974-06-12 Walter Vollmer Waermepumpen-speicherheizung
US3952519A (en) * 1973-07-02 1976-04-27 Kay Laboratories, Inc. Heat transfer system employing supercooled fluids
DE2447505A1 (de) * 1973-10-16 1975-06-05 Hugo Ledermann Waermepumpenanlage fuer die raumheizung mit warmwasser
DE2411308A1 (de) * 1974-03-09 1975-09-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heizungs- und/oder klimaanlage
US3984050A (en) * 1974-04-18 1976-10-05 Projectus Industriprodukter Ab Heat pump system
DE2441775A1 (de) * 1974-08-31 1976-03-11 Erich Gross Speicherbehaelter fuer zentralheizungsanlagen
US3991938A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-11-16 Harry Borders Ramey Combination heat pump and low temperature solar heat absorber
FR2290639A1 (fr) * 1974-11-05 1976-06-04 Mouron Raymond Dispositif de pompe a chaleur a continuite de temperature de la source initiale
DE2552459A1 (de) * 1974-11-28 1976-06-10 Schramel Dieter Mehrphasen-waermepumpenanlagen, insbesondere wasserkraft-waermepumpwerke und fern-waermepumpwerke
US4019679A (en) * 1974-12-20 1977-04-26 Interliz Anstalt Thermostatically controlled heating arrangement including a heat pump
FR2307235A1 (fr) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-05 Serete Installation de production d'eau chaude
US4049045A (en) * 1975-05-21 1977-09-20 Canada Square Management Limited Heating and cooling system for buildings
US4037650A (en) * 1975-05-23 1977-07-26 National Research Development Corporation Thermal storage apparatus
US3986344A (en) * 1975-06-16 1976-10-19 Newman Merle E Method and means for reclaiming heat from a sewage disposal system
US4123002A (en) * 1975-12-30 1978-10-31 Saunders Norman B Heating and ventilation system
US4019338A (en) * 1976-01-09 1977-04-26 Poteet Everett E Heating and cooling system
US4044949A (en) * 1976-02-26 1977-08-30 Ernst Morawetz Heat storage system
US4030312A (en) * 1976-04-07 1977-06-21 Shantzer-Wallin Corporation Heat pumps with solar heat source

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Solar Energy: Part II, The Continent p. 87, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning. *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461153A (en) * 1980-11-24 1984-07-24 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and apparatus for inoculating crystallization seeds into a liquid latent heat storage substance
US5465585A (en) * 1994-06-16 1995-11-14 Trigen Energy Corporation Method of low-temperature stratified chilled water storage
US5655377A (en) * 1994-06-16 1997-08-12 Trigen Energy Corporation Method of low-temperature stratified chilled water storage
US5467812A (en) * 1994-08-19 1995-11-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and load leveling capacity
US5678626A (en) * 1994-08-19 1997-10-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and load leveling capacity
WO1997013105A1 (en) * 1995-10-02 1997-04-10 Trigen Energy Corp. Method of low-temperature stratified chilled water storage
WO1999061850A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-02 Evapco International, Inc. Ice thermal storage coil systems and methods
US6101821A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-08-15 Evapco International, Inc. Ice thermal storage coil systems and methods
US6178770B1 (en) 1998-10-22 2001-01-30 Evapco International, Inc. Ice-on-coil thermal storage apparatus and method
US6751972B1 (en) 2002-11-18 2004-06-22 Curtis A. Jungwirth Apparatus for simultaneous heating cooling and humidity removal
GB2470400A (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-24 Geoheat Ltd Heat energy collection and storage device comprising a phase change material
US20120132393A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2012-05-31 Skanska Sverige Ab Arrangement and method for storing thermal energy
US9709337B2 (en) * 2009-08-03 2017-07-18 Skanska Sverige Ab Arrangement for storing thermal energy
CN105135750A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-09 大连理工大学 一种适合低温环境的凝固热水源热泵系统
US11680736B2 (en) 2019-11-19 2023-06-20 Melink Solar & Geo, Inc. Heat pump system utilizing domestic water
US11543164B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2023-01-03 Melink Solar & Geo, Inc. Super-hybrid heat pump system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5747828B2 (xx) 1982-10-12
FR2360048A1 (fr) 1978-02-24
NL7708304A (nl) 1978-02-01
JPS5320149A (en) 1978-02-24
GB1573050A (en) 1980-08-13
CH623916A5 (xx) 1981-06-30

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