US4169736A - Additive for grouts, its preparation and use - Google Patents
Additive for grouts, its preparation and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4169736A US4169736A US05/862,099 US86209977A US4169736A US 4169736 A US4169736 A US 4169736A US 86209977 A US86209977 A US 86209977A US 4169736 A US4169736 A US 4169736A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- additive
- alkali
- composition
- hydraulic binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 turf Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improving additive for grouts based on inorganic binders, for example cement and lime, and the invention also covers a process for the preparation of such additive and a method of using it to improve the hardening characteristics of grouts.
- inorganic binders for the building industry such as cement and lime
- they are far from satisfactory from several aspects.
- they have as a rule too long curing time resulting in delay at the working sites and high mould costs by the day-long periods of time required for example for different cement products before de-moulding can take place.
- cement and lime grouts or pastes are generally after hardening much too water-absorbing, which can result in bursting from freezing and this usually results in bad heat insulation.
- magnesia cement has the disadvantage that it is not resistant to ageing in view of dissolution of magnesium chloride.
- the alkali extract obtained has been found to constitute an improving agent for cement and lime grouts as well as products where such grouts are present as binders, the above indicated disadvantages being largely avoided and the area of use of the grouts being extended.
- This alkali extract improving agent is obtained not only by treatment of stalks of the different kinds of grain, but also of stalks from other similar straw plants, such as grass, reeds and the like. While this invention will be described primarily in connection with alkali-treatment of straw it must be noted that the invention covers the use of all kinds of lignocellulosic materials. With regard to straw one usually means the stalks remaining from mature threshed crop.
- the present invention which is further characterized in the appended patent claims, is therefore based on the extract of cellulosic materials obtained by treating such materials with alkali, suitably at room temperature.
- the material such as straw, may be treated in the state as harvested, but it may be advantageous first to cut it into shorter pieces and possibly also subject the same to light mechanical crushing, for example between rolls in order to accelerate the digestion.
- the digestion takes place with alkali having a concentration of at least 5%. (In this disclosure, if not otherwise indicated, all percentages are based upon weight). Stronger alkali than 20% does not give any shortened digestion time. From a practical point of view it is therefore most convenient to use an alkali of about 20%, but the extract obtained should before use in accordance with the invention be diluted with 4 to 5 times its volume of water in order to facilitate the subsequent mixing operation.
- a 5% alkali a useful extract is obtained after about 24 hours at room temperature, whereas after about 36 hours also the fibres have been digested to a major extent. The corresponding periods of time when using 20% alkali is 6 and 18 hours, respectively.
- Heating when the treatment is carried out in an open vessel does not give any significant acceleration of the digestion. Contrary hereto the digestion is accelerated by crushing the stalks, for example between rollers, so that using 20% alkali, digestion to expose the fibres can be carried out in 2 hours.
- 20% alkali a suitable proportion has been found to be 15-20 kgs of straw per 100 liters of alkali.
- the extract obtained when using concentrated alkali has the consistency of a relatively thick fluid oil, the viscosity of which increases to a gel-like consistency if a longer period of digestion is used. This is one of the reasons that it should be diluted before the subsequent use.
- the alkali extract prepared as described above cannot as such be mixed with cement or lime grouts, since it immediately results in a reaction making the grout clotty to gravel-like.
- This reaction tendency must therefore be modified, which can be done simply by a kind of neutralization of the alkalinity of the extract.
- This neutralization or perhaps rather saponification is in accordance with the invention performed by means of fatty acids being in a liquid state at or slightly above room temperature, such as up to about 35° C.
- the fatty acids need not be used as such since it has been found to work equally well with their oily esters, for example in the form of vegetabilic oils.
- rape oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sweet oil, olive oil and mustard oil are Suitable proportions of oil admixed into the alkali extract.
- the expression "grout” or "paste” is intended to cover all kinds of masses setting to form a solid structure.
- the usual binders in such mass are cement and lime, and when sand and gravel or crushed stone are intermixed with for example a cement paste they are held together in a dense structure which is called concrete.
- a cement paste When sand alone is admixed with Portland cement the grout is a so-called mortar. It is the paste which determines most of the important engineering and chemical properties of the final concrete.
- an improving additive for grouts or pastes comprising an alkali extract of a lignocellulosic material, in which said extract has been modified with a fatty acid or an oily ester thereof.
- the acid or ester is suitably in a liquid state at or slightly above room temperature.
- a method of improving the hardening characteristics of building grouts or masses based on an inorganic binder comprising adding to the mass an improving additive as defined above.
- the inorganic binder used is preferably cement and/or lime.
- the improvement obtained by using the extract is primarily manifested by its effect on the hardening time or the so-called de-moulding time.
- the de-moulding time for ordinary Portland cement when used on the building sites normally is of the order of 7 days it can be shortened by admixing the modified extract according to the invention down to 2 days.
- magnesia cement With regard to magnesia cement the corresponding de-moulding time is shortened from about 2 days to about 4 hours.
- Adding the extract to ordinary lime paste results in a significant shortening of the drying time. By adding the extract to cement pastes they become more flexible, are easier to vibrate and give better filling of the moulds in for example prefabrication of different profiles.
- the adhesion to ballast materials is improved not only with regard to sand, gravel and shingle but also with regard to untreated straw, saw dust and wood fibre.
- the paste also adheres better to other building constructional materials, such as old concrete, steel, glass, brick and wood.
- the completely hardened final product is in all tested uses provided with a better, pore-less cement skin and an improved resistance to impact.
- magnesia cement the addition of the extract has been found completely to counteract the deterioration by dissolution of magnesium chloride, which would otherwise take place progressively.
- Repeated treatment of test bodies of magnesia cement in alternatingly hot and cold water for 7 days has not shown any dissolution of MgCl 2 in the water and has not in any way decreased the compressive strength.
- a grout or paste of magnesia or Portland cement improved according to the invention may also advantageously be admixed with a synthetic binder consisting of equal parts by volume of polymeric acrylate and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC).
- CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
- magnesia cement CMC is suitably dissolved in part of the magnesium chloride solution for use in the paste, whereafter the liquid acrylate is admixed and the mixture thus obtained admixed in the rest of the paste mixture.
- Portland cement CMC is digested in part of the water intended for the paste, the acrylate being then admixed and the mixture blended with the remaining constituents of the mortar.
- the amount of acrylate as well as the amount of non-aqueous CMC added is suitably about 5% of the water volume of the paste. In this way it is possible to considerably increase the ratio ballast material to cement in the paste, so that when using for example chips or fibres of wood, turf, straw and bark as a ballast it is possible by casting to manufacture wood-like products having a stabilizing cement skeleton, which products are excellently nailable and workable with cutting tools.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7700110 | 1977-01-05 | ||
| SE7700110A SE403470B (sv) | 1977-01-05 | 1977-01-05 | Tillsats till bruk uppbyggda pa hydrauliska bindemedel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4169736A true US4169736A (en) | 1979-10-02 |
Family
ID=20330123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/862,099 Expired - Lifetime US4169736A (en) | 1977-01-05 | 1977-12-19 | Additive for grouts, its preparation and use |
Country Status (12)
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE35194E (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1996-04-02 | Sandoz Ltd. | Admixture for hydraulic cement |
| WO2001074948A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-11 | University Of Alaska Fairbanks | Construction materials and soil stabilization using vegetable oil |
| US20060116446A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-06-01 | Jean-Christophe Castaing | Method for enhancing water-repellency treatment of mineral hydraulic binder compositions and compositions obtainable by said method and their uses |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7206A (en) * | 1850-03-26 | Bbick-opress | ||
| US3311483A (en) * | 1962-09-03 | 1967-03-28 | Garnier Sa | Treating cellulosic material |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1357821A (en) * | 1971-09-01 | 1974-06-26 | Heidelberg Portland Zement | Process for the production of glass-fibre-reinforced cement o.concret |
-
1977
- 1977-01-05 SE SE7700110A patent/SE403470B/xx unknown
- 1977-12-19 US US05/862,099 patent/US4169736A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-12-23 CA CA293,832A patent/CA1097699A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-30 FI FI773983A patent/FI63736C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-01-03 DE DE19782800182 patent/DE2800182A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-01-03 GB GB65/78A patent/GB1591681A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-01-04 FR FR7800154A patent/FR2376830B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1978-01-04 NO NO780025A patent/NO146903C/no unknown
- 1978-01-04 DK DK2978A patent/DK2978A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-01-04 CH CH8278A patent/CH638765A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-01-04 NL NL7800099A patent/NL7800099A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-01-05 JP JP4478A patent/JPS53104630A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7206A (en) * | 1850-03-26 | Bbick-opress | ||
| US3311483A (en) * | 1962-09-03 | 1967-03-28 | Garnier Sa | Treating cellulosic material |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE35194E (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1996-04-02 | Sandoz Ltd. | Admixture for hydraulic cement |
| WO2001074948A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-11 | University Of Alaska Fairbanks | Construction materials and soil stabilization using vegetable oil |
| US20020026884A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | Lutfi Raad | Construction materials products and soil stabilization using vegetable oil and method of producing the same |
| US6824326B2 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2004-11-30 | University Of Alaska Fairbanks | Construction materials products and soil stabilization using vegetable oil and method of producing the same |
| US20060116446A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-06-01 | Jean-Christophe Castaing | Method for enhancing water-repellency treatment of mineral hydraulic binder compositions and compositions obtainable by said method and their uses |
| US7671115B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2010-03-02 | Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Method for enhancing water-repellency treatment of mineral hydraulic binder compositions and compositions obtainable by said method and their uses |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1097699A (en) | 1981-03-17 |
| NO146903C (no) | 1982-12-29 |
| NL7800099A (nl) | 1978-07-07 |
| NO146903B (no) | 1982-09-20 |
| JPS53104630A (en) | 1978-09-12 |
| NO780025L (no) | 1978-07-06 |
| FI63736C (fi) | 1983-08-10 |
| SE403470B (sv) | 1978-08-21 |
| CH638765A5 (de) | 1983-10-14 |
| FR2376830A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-08-04 |
| GB1591681A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| FI63736B (fi) | 1983-04-29 |
| SE7700110L (sv) | 1978-07-06 |
| DK2978A (da) | 1978-07-06 |
| DE2800182A1 (de) | 1978-07-13 |
| FR2376830B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1984-02-24 |
| FI773983A7 (fi) | 1978-07-06 |
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