US4021407A - Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer compositions and resins containing same - Google Patents

Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer compositions and resins containing same Download PDF

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US4021407A
US4021407A US05/700,572 US70057276A US4021407A US 4021407 A US4021407 A US 4021407A US 70057276 A US70057276 A US 70057276A US 4021407 A US4021407 A US 4021407A
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group
halide
organotin
borate
vinyl
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Robert George Gough
Francis Joseph Buescher
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Milacron Inc
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Milacron Inc
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Priority to DE2703904A priority patent/DE2703904C3/de
Priority to AU22749/77A priority patent/AU497668B2/en
Priority to JP2371677A priority patent/JPS537754A/ja
Priority to GB11193/77A priority patent/GB1570812A/en
Priority to CA274,590A priority patent/CA1084691A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
    • C08K5/57—Organo-tin compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel synergistic stabilizer compositions comprising an organotin halide borate and an organic thiol compound. Additionally, this invention relates to methods for improving the resistance to early color formation during processing of vinyl halide homopolymers, copolymers and mixtures of polymers containing vinyl halide homopolymers or copolymers. Further, this invention relates to plastic compositions comprising (1) vinyl halide homopolymers or copolymers or mixture of polymers containing vinyl halide homopolymer or copolymer, and (2) a synergistic stabilizer composition comprising an organotin halide borate and an organic thiol.
  • vinyl halide copolymers and mixtures of polymers containing vinyl halide homopolymers or vinyl halide copolymers it has been known in the art to incorporate therein such materials as organic thiols, hindered phenols, tin carboxylates, organotin carboxylates, and organotin mercaptides.
  • Synergistic combinations such as a combination of an organic thioanhydride and a monohydrocarbyl tin compound having the formula R 3 Sn(Z) n (Z'R 4 ) 3 -2n where R 3 is a 1 to 12 carbon atom hydrocarbyl radical, Z and Z' are either oxygen or sulfur, R 4 is hydrogen or an organic radical bonded to Z' by a carbon atom and n is 0-1.5 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,822,233, have also been reported for improving the resistance of halogen containing resin to early color development during processing.
  • Organotin compounds of the general formula (R 2 Sn) 3 -n (R 1 ) 2n (BO 3 ) 2 where R and R 1 are univalent organic radicals selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl radicals and n is 0,1 or 2 are disclosed as stabilizers for chlorine containing polymers (e.g. polyvinyl chloride) by H. E. Ramsden in U.S. Pat. No. 2,867,641. Ramsden described these compounds as organotin borates or their partially esterified products.
  • organotin borates of the stabilizer compositions of U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,285 do not contain the tin-halogen bond of the organotin borates of this invention. That organotin borates having a tin-halogen bond form in synergistic combination with an organic thiol stabilizer compositions to stabilize vinyl halide homopolymer or copolymers or polymer mixtures containing vinyl halide hompolymers or copolymers is only taught to the art by this invention.
  • Organotin borate compounds heretofore known in the art for use in stabilizing polymers are in many instances known to exhibit significant hydrolytic instability.
  • organotin borate stabilizers the organotin halide borate compounds of the stabilizer compositions of this invention exhibit good resistance to hydrolysis.
  • an object of this invention to provide a synergistic stabilizer composition comprising an organotin halide borate and an organic thiol compound for improving the resistance of halogen containing polymers to early color development during processing at elevated temperatures.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a plastic composition exhibiting improved resistance to early color development during elevated temperature processing.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide a method for improving the resistance to early color formation of halogen containing polymers.
  • a novel synergistic stabilizer composition comprising (1) an organotin halide borate, and (2) an organic thiol compound having a molecular weight of from 40 to 400 per thiol group and a boiling point of at least 180° C.
  • organotin halide borate being a member selected from organotin halide borates having the following general formula: ##STR2## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and are an aryl group, aralkyl group, alkaryl group or C 1 to C 8 alkyl group, R 5 and R 7 are hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, R 6 and R 8 are C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, X is halogen of atomic weight of 35 to 80, and n is 0, 1 or 2.
  • the synergistic stabilizer compositions of this invention are especially suitable for stabilizing halogen containing homopolymer, or copolymers and polymer blends containing halogen containing homopolymers or copolymers, more particularly vinyl halide homopolymers or copolymers and polymer blends containing vinyl halide homopolymer or copolymers against early color formation during elevated temperature processing.
  • the novel plastic compositions of this invention find utility in making articles of commerce such as pipes and bottles by such methods as injection molding, blow molding and extrusion.
  • a novel synergistic stabilizer composition comprising (1) an organotin halide borate which is a member selected fromm organotin halide borates having the following general formula: ##STR3## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and are an aryl group, aralkyl group, alkaryl group or C 1 to C 8 alkyl group, R 5 and R 7 are hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, R 6 and R 8 are C 1 to C 4 4 alkyl groups, X is halogen of atomic weight 35 to 80 (e.g.
  • an organic thiol compound having a molecular weight of from 40 to 400 per thiol group, a boiling point of at least 180° C. at one atmosphere pressure and being a member selected from organic thiols having the following general formulae: ##STR4## where R 12 is a C 1 to C 20 linear or branched alkylene radical, R 13 is an aromatic or C 3 to C 36 aliphatic group having a free valence equal to v, M is hydrogen, calcium, barium, tin, cadmium or lead, Q is saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloaliphatic group, or aromatic group, and having a free valence equal to (w + u).
  • K is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloaliphatic group or aromatic group having a free valence equal to (h + j), y is 1 to 4, v is 1 to 6, w is 1 to 8, u is 0 to 7, h is 1 to 4 and j is 0 to 3, wherein u + w is from 1 to 8 and h + j is from 1 to 4.
  • plastic compositions having improved resistance to early color formation during processing, comprising (1) a plastic which is a vinyl halide homopolymer, vinyl halide copolymer or a polymer blend containing a vinyl halide homopolymer or vinyl halide copolymer, (2) an organotin halide borate which is a member of the group of organotin halide borates having the following formula: ##STR5## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and are an aryl group, aralkyl group, alkaryl group or C 1 to C 8 alkyl group, R 5 and R 7 are hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, R 6 and R 8 are C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, X is halogen of atomic weight 35 to 80 and n is 0, 1 or 2 and (3) an organic thiol compound having a molecular weight of from 40 to 400 per thiol group, a boiling
  • R 12 is a C 1 to C 20 linear or branched alkylene radical
  • R 13 is an aromatic or C 3 to C 36 aliphatic group having a free valence equal to v
  • M is hydrogen, calcium, barium, tin, cadmium or lead
  • Q is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloaliphatic group, or aromatic group and having a free valence equal to (w + u)
  • K is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloaliphatic group or aromatic group having a free valence equal to (h + J)
  • y is 1 to 4
  • v is 1 to 6
  • w is 1 to 8
  • u is 0 to 7
  • h is 1 to 4
  • j is 0 to 3, wherein u + w is from 1 to 8 and h + j is from 1 to 4.
  • the weight ratio of organotin halide borate to organic thiol may vary widely. It is, however, preferred to use a weight ratio of organotin halide borate to organic thiol in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1 and more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 7:3.
  • the combined weight concentration of organotin halide borate and organic thiol in the plastic compositions of this invention may vary widely, the principle limitation being that there be at least a stabilizingly effective total amount of the organotin halide borate and organic thiol.
  • organotin halide borate and organic thiol substantially higher than needed to stabilize the plastic against early color formation during processing can be used in the plastic compositions of this invention, however, such concentration would not be required.
  • a total weight concentration of organotin halide borate plus organic thiol compound of from 0.01 to 5 weight percent based on the weight of the plastic component itself and more preferably from 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent based on the plastic component, said plastic component being the polymer selected from the group consisting of vinyl halide homopolymer, vinyl halide copolymer and polymer blend containing a vinyl halide homopolymer or vinyl halide copolymer.
  • organotin halide borates usuable in the practice of this invention are characterized by having the tin atom bonded to boron through an oxygen atom, tin bonded directly to carbon, a tin-oxygen-tin bond and a tin-halogen bond and are members of organotin halide borates having the following formula: ##STR7## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , X and n are as previously defined herein.
  • organotin halide borates usuable in the practice of this invention include but are not limited to the following enumerated compounds. ##STR8## (a- 1) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are n-butyl groups, (a- 2) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are isobutyl groups, (a- 3) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are 2-ethylhexyl groups, (a- 4) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are octyl groups, (a- 5) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are propyl groups, (a- 6) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are ethyl groups, (a- 7) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, (a- 8) where R 1 and R 4 are methyl and R 2 and R 3 are butyl groups,
  • a number of methods may be used to prepare the organotin halide borates usuable in the practice of this invention.
  • One method for example, is to react a borate ester of a glycol with 1-halo-3-hydroxy- 1,1,3,3tetrahydrocarbyl distannoxane in a solvent forming an azeotrope with water with removal of water by azeotropic distillation.
  • the borate esters used to prepare the organotin halide borates usable in the practice of this invention can be prepared by reacting boric acid with a glycol.
  • Suitable glycols include 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol; 2, 4-dimethyl-2, 4-pentanediol; 2, 3-dimethyl-2, 3-butanediol; and 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-hexanediol.
  • Typical 1-halo-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetrahydrocarbyl distannoxanes usable in the preparation of the organotin halide borates of the stabilizer compositions of this invention include but are not limited to 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1, 3,3-tetramethyldistannoxane, 1-bromo- 3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl distannoxane, 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3 tetraethyl distannoxane, 1-bromo-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetraethyl distannoxane, 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3 tetrahexyl distannoxane, 1-bromo-3-hydroxy- 1,1,3,3 tetra 2-ethyl hexyl distannoxane, 1chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3 tetraphenyl distannoxane, 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-
  • the organic thiol compounds usable in the practice of this invention are organic thiol compounds which are substantially free of odor during elevated temperature processing of the plastic, which have free thiol (--SH) groups, a molecular weight of from 40 to 400 per thiol group in the compound and a boiling point of at least 180° C. at one atmosphere pressure.
  • a molecular weight of not greater than 400 per thiol group what is meant is that when the molecular weight of the organic thiol compound is divided by the number of thiol groups in the compound the resulting value shall be at least 40 and shall not exceed 400.
  • Organic thiol compounds usable in the preferred practice of this invention are organic thiols, substantially free of odor during the elevated temperature processing of the plastic, having a molecular weight per thiol group of from 40 to 400, a boiling point of at least 180° C. at one atmosphere and are members selected from organic thiol compounds having the following general formulae: ##STR12## where R 12 , R 13 , Q, K, M, y, v, w, u, h and j are as have been previously defined herein.
  • the thiols usable in the practice in this invention may be prepared by any of a number of methods well-known in the chemical art as for example the reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium hydrosulfide, reaction of an olefinic unsaturated compound with hydrogen sulfide and pyrolytic cleavage of an organic sulfide. Additionally, the thiols usable in the practice of this invention are those which do not, in the stabilizer composition of this invention, promote or accelerate decomposition of the plastic.
  • vinyl halide homopolymers vinyl halide copolymers and polymer blends containing vinyl halide homopolymers or vinyl halide copolymers usable in the practice of this invention there, for example, may be used (1) polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, (2) copolymers of vinyl chloride with a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and maleates, vinyl propionate, methyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and other alkyl acrylates, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate
  • Typical vinyl halide copolymers usable in this invention include vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (87:13), vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride (95:5), vinyl chloride-diethylfumarate (95:5), vinyl chloride-trichloroethylene (95:5) and vinyl chloride -2 ethylhexyl acrylate (80:20).
  • the polymer blends usable in the practice of this invention comprise physical blends of at least two distinct polymeric species and contain from 25 to 95 weight percent of vinyl halide homopolymer.
  • the vinyl halide copolymers usable in the practice of this invention are copolymers comprising from 25 to 95 mole percent vinyl halide units.
  • novel plastic compositions of this invention there may be present, in addition to the organotin halide borate and organic thiol compound combination of this invention, conventional additives such as fillers, pigments, plasticizers, dyes, lubricants, and ultraviolet light stabilizers well-known to the plastic art.
  • fillers such materials as calcined clays, calcium carbonate, and talcs are used.
  • Pigments well-known in the art can be used including such materials as titanium dioxide, carbon black and iron oxide.
  • Included among the well-known plasticizers which are usable are phthalates, sebacates, adipates, phosphates and fatty esters having between 16 and 150 carbon atoms.
  • Lubricants well known in the art which may be used include hydrocarbon waxes, stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate and other ester waxes.
  • Stabilizers such as well-known ortho hydroxy benzophenones, hydroxy benezotriazoles organotin carboxylates, organotin sulfides, and organotin mercaptocarboxylic acid esters may be used.
  • Antioxidants include tricresyl phosphite; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-decyloxy phenol and 2-t-butyl-4-octadecyloxy phenol.
  • plastic compositions for subsequent processing by methods such as injection molding, extrusion and the like may be used for the preparation of the plastic compositions of this invention.
  • Such methods include dry blending with conventional mixers such as the well-known Henschel blender, blending on to a two or three roll mill and tumbling.
  • the organotin halide borate-organic thiol compound synergistic stabilizer compositions of this invention may be prepared by blending techniques well-known in the art and include dry blending by low speed, low shear mixers, tumbling and the like.
  • the plastic compositions of this invention may be prepared by first blending together the organotin halide borate and the organic thiol compound and subsequently adding the resultant blend to the vinyl halide homopolymer, vinyl halide copolymer or polymer blend containing a vinyl halide homopolymer or vinyl halide copolymer.
  • the organotin halide borate and organic thiol compound may be each separately added to the vinyl halide polymer, vinyl halide copolymer or the homopolymer containing a vinyl halide homopolymer or copolymer.
  • the order of the separate addition of the organotin halide borate and organic thiol compound may vary, it not being critical as to which of these two materials is added first and which is added thereafter.
  • EXAMPLE 1 PREPARATION OF 4,4,6-TRIMETHYL-2-HYDROXY-1,3, 2-DIOXABORINANE.
  • EXAMPLE 2 PREPARATION OF 1-(4,4,6-TRIMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABORINYL- 2-OXY)-3-CHLORO-1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLDISTANNOXANE. (I)
  • the title compound also previously described herein as a-7 was prepared by reacting 0.0273 mole, 10.00 gms, of 1-hydroxy-3-chloro- 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-distannoxane with 0.0273 mole, 3,93 gm, of 4,4,6 -trimethyl-2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaborinane.
  • the reaction was carried out in refluxing benzene with the water by-product being removed as the azeotrope. After 1.5 hrs. refluxing, a 100% yield of water was obtained. Evaporation of the solvent gave a quantitative yield of crude product with mp 253°-255° C.
  • the compound showed a mass spectrograph with a parent ion molecular weight of 492 (calculated: 492), and peak patterns at mass 185[(CH 3 ) 2 Sn --Cl]mass 309 ##STR13## mass 165 [(CH 3 ) 2 SnO] and mass 128 ##STR14## The patterns showed excellent agreement with the patterns calculated on the basis of isotope abundances of Sn, B, and Cl.
  • the product also previously designated herein as a- 1 was obtained by the reaction of 0.022 mole of 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3tetrabutyldistannoxane* with 0.022 mole of 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxy- 1,3,2-dioxaborinane.
  • the reaction was carried out in refluxing benzene with the water by-product being removed as the azeotrope. After 15.5 hours of refluxing, 75% of the theoretical amount of water had been collected. Evaporation of the benzene gave a product which crystallized to an off-white, waxy material, mp 75°-79° C.
  • the infrared spectrum (neat, NaCl) showed bands at 3100 (w), 3080 (w), 3045 (m), 2960 (m), 2930 (m), 2870 (m), 1960 (w), 1820 (w), 1485 (m), 1465 (m), 1420 (m), 1380 (s), 1355 (s), 1300 (s), 1270 (m), 1230 (m), 1210 (m), 1170 (m), 1080 (w), 1040 (w), 870 (w), 820 (w), 770 (w), 680 (s), 580 (s) cm.sup. -1 . Presence of halogen was verified by a sodium fusion test.
  • the product also previously designated herein as b- 1 was obtained by the reaction of 0.022 mole of 1-bromo-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetrabutyldistannoxane* with 0.022 mole of 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxy- 1,3,2-dioxaborinane.
  • a benzene solution of the reagents was refluxed until no more water was being removed as the azeotrope. Evaporation of the benzene at reduced pressure gave a product which formed waxy crystals, mp 54°-56° C., in near quantitative yield.
  • the infrared spectrum (melt on NaCl plates) showed bands at 2970 (s), 2940 (s), 2890 (s), 2870 (s), 1466 (s), 1420 (s), 1380 (s), 1355 (s), 1300 (s), 1275 (s), 1227 (m), 1210 (s), 1170 (s), 1080 (m), 875 (m), 820 (m), 770 (m), and 675 (s), cm.sup. -1 .
  • EXAMPLE 5 1-(4,4,6-TRIMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABORINYL-2-OXY)-3 -CHLORO-1,1,3,3-TETRAOCTYLDISTANNOXANE. (a- 4)
  • 1-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetraoctyldistannoxane (0.10 mole) may be allowed to react with 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaborinane in benzene at reflux until no more water is removed by azeotropic distillation.
  • the reaction mixture may then be filtered and the benzene solution concentrated on a rotary evaporator at reduced pressure to obtain the titled product.
  • the resulting powdered blend was then placed on a 2-roll Farrell mill having the rolls at 380° F. and a differential roll speed of 30 rpm for the front roll and 40 rpm for the rear roll and at intervals of two minutes the resin color observed.
  • Table 1 summarizes the results obtained using the organotin halide borates of Examples 2, 3 and 4 while Table 2 summarizes the results obtained using a number of different organic thiols and the organotin halide borate of Example 2.

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US05/700,572 1976-06-28 1976-06-28 Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer compositions and resins containing same Expired - Lifetime US4021407A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/700,572 US4021407A (en) 1976-06-28 1976-06-28 Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer compositions and resins containing same
DE2703904A DE2703904C3 (de) 1976-06-28 1977-01-31 Synergistische Stabilisatorkombination und diese enthaltende Polymermaterialien auf Vinylhalogenidbasis
AU22749/77A AU497668B2 (en) 1976-06-28 1977-02-28 Organotin borate & organic thiol stabilizer composition for vinyl halide polymers
JP2371677A JPS537754A (en) 1976-06-28 1977-03-04 Synergistic organootin borate stabilizer composition and resin containing thereof
GB11193/77A GB1570812A (en) 1976-06-28 1977-03-16 Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer composition and resins containing same
CA274,590A CA1084691A (en) 1976-06-28 1977-03-23 Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer compositions and resins containing same

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Cited By (10)

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EP0025009A3 (de) * 1979-07-03 1981-03-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Aus einem Metallmercaptid und einem Borsäureester bestehende Stabilisatormischung und deren Verwendung zum Stabilisieren chlorhaltiger Polymere
US4360619A (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-11-23 Carstab Corporation Stabilizer compositions and polymers containing same
US4608440A (en) * 1984-02-07 1986-08-26 Chemie Linz Aktiengesellschaft 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes
US4737432A (en) * 1985-09-17 1988-04-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Positively chargeable toner and developer for developing electrostatic images contains di-organo tin borate charge controller
WO1988010282A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-29 Simon Kornbaum Procede de stabilisation des melanges a base de polymeres halogenes
US5038994A (en) * 1987-10-13 1991-08-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Apparatus for explosively welding a sleeve into a heat exchanger tube
US5114893A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-05-19 American Colloid Company Method of improving water-swellable clay properties by re-drying, compositions and articles
US5434204A (en) * 1991-10-18 1995-07-18 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Colored styrenic resin composition
EP0945484A1 (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-09-29 Morton International, Inc. Synergistic blend of a metal-based stabilizer or Lewis acid and a free mercaptan for enhanced PVC stabilization
US6919392B1 (en) * 1978-08-29 2005-07-19 Arkema Inc. Stabilization of vinyl halide polymers

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JPS61191937U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-05-24 1986-11-29

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US3899465A (en) * 1971-10-13 1975-08-12 Cincinnati Milacron Chem Synergistic organotin stabilizer compositions and resins stabilized therewith
US3928285A (en) * 1975-01-16 1975-12-23 Cincinnati Milacron Inc Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer composition and resins containing same

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US3312725A (en) * 1962-05-25 1967-04-04 Monsanto Co Toxic organotin borates
US3899465A (en) * 1971-10-13 1975-08-12 Cincinnati Milacron Chem Synergistic organotin stabilizer compositions and resins stabilized therewith
US3928285A (en) * 1975-01-16 1975-12-23 Cincinnati Milacron Inc Synergistic organotin borate stabilizer composition and resins containing same

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6919392B1 (en) * 1978-08-29 2005-07-19 Arkema Inc. Stabilization of vinyl halide polymers
EP0025009A3 (de) * 1979-07-03 1981-03-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Aus einem Metallmercaptid und einem Borsäureester bestehende Stabilisatormischung und deren Verwendung zum Stabilisieren chlorhaltiger Polymere
US4360619A (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-11-23 Carstab Corporation Stabilizer compositions and polymers containing same
US4608440A (en) * 1984-02-07 1986-08-26 Chemie Linz Aktiengesellschaft 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes
US4737432A (en) * 1985-09-17 1988-04-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Positively chargeable toner and developer for developing electrostatic images contains di-organo tin borate charge controller
US5166241A (en) * 1987-06-26 1992-11-24 Simon Kornbaum Process for stabilizing mixtures based on halogenated polymers
AU625411B2 (en) * 1987-06-26 1992-07-09 Simon Kornbaum Process for stabilizing mixtures based on halogenated polymers
EP0299882A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1989-01-18 KORNBAUM, Simon Procédé de stabilisation de mélanges à base de polymères halogénés
WO1988010282A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-29 Simon Kornbaum Procede de stabilisation des melanges a base de polymeres halogenes
US5038994A (en) * 1987-10-13 1991-08-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Apparatus for explosively welding a sleeve into a heat exchanger tube
US5114893A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-05-19 American Colloid Company Method of improving water-swellable clay properties by re-drying, compositions and articles
US5434204A (en) * 1991-10-18 1995-07-18 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Colored styrenic resin composition
EP0945484A1 (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-09-29 Morton International, Inc. Synergistic blend of a metal-based stabilizer or Lewis acid and a free mercaptan for enhanced PVC stabilization
SG87022A1 (en) * 1998-03-26 2002-03-19 Morton Int Inc Synergistic blend of a metal-based stabilizer or lewis acid and a free mercaptan for enhanced pvc stabilization

Also Published As

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CA1084691A (en) 1980-09-02
GB1570812A (en) 1980-07-09
DE2703904C3 (de) 1979-10-25
JPS537754A (en) 1978-01-24
JPS554334B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-01-30
DE2703904A1 (de) 1977-12-29
AU497668B2 (en) 1978-12-21
DE2703904B2 (de) 1979-03-01
AU2274977A (en) 1978-09-07

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