US4015095A - Contact arrangement for an electric compressed-gas circuit breaker - Google Patents

Contact arrangement for an electric compressed-gas circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
US4015095A
US4015095A US05/610,230 US61023075A US4015095A US 4015095 A US4015095 A US 4015095A US 61023075 A US61023075 A US 61023075A US 4015095 A US4015095 A US 4015095A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contact
coil
current
base contact
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/610,230
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English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Bitsch
Heiner Marin
Helmut Beier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19742444943 external-priority patent/DE2444943C2/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
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Publication of US4015095A publication Critical patent/US4015095A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/285—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electro-dynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an electric compressed-gas power circuit breaker with a switching gap formed by two base contacts and a movable bridging contact which in the breaker opening operation slides off of the one base contact, the run-off contact, and moves in the direction toward the other base contact.
  • a compressed-gas power circuit breaker is known, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,175 in the form of a blast-piston circuit breaker.
  • the follower contact is connected with the current supply to the runoff contact through two coaxial coils, of which the one is stationary and the other is mechanically connected with the follower contact in such a manner that the bridging contact member runs up onto the follower contact when it separates from the run-off contact and the current to be interrupted is commutated onto the circuit branch containing the coils whereby a force acting on the follower contact in the direction toward the other stationary contact is produced between the coils.
  • the run-off contact is movable in the direction toward the other base contact against the force of a spring and is mechanically connected with the secondary coils of two electrodynamically-acting coil systems whose primary coils are stationary and are arranged on mutually opposite sides of the associated secondary coils and carry, during the breaker opening operation, the current to be interrupted.
  • the secondary coil is disposed in front of the primary coil as referred to the direction of the spring force.
  • the primary and the secondary coils of the first coil system are closely coupled in the stationary condition and the secondary current lags the primary current by about 120° to 150° el.; whereas, in the second coil system, whose secondary coil is disposed behind the primary coil, the primary and the secondary coils are coupled loosely in the stationary condition and the secondary current lags the primary current by about 180° el.
  • electrodynamic control of the runoff contact is achieved in the sense that the breaker switches quasi-synchronously with sufficiently large currents.
  • the current to be interrupted flowing in the primary coil of the first coil system first generates a large repelling force, by which the run-off contact is accelerated in the direction toward the other base contact, that is, in the sense of shortening the gap. Shortly before the zero crossing, this force changes, because of the indicated phase angle of the first coil system, to an attraction force in the sense of lengthening the gap.
  • a back acceleration of the run-off contact in this direction is caused to the greater part by the second coil system which always generates a repelling force which increases as the run-off contact approaches the other base contact because the coupling of the second coil system becomes greater.
  • This force is that at the zero crossing, the necessary extinguishing distance between the base contacts exists.
  • a contact which is actuated at the beginning of the breaker opening motion, may be provided for commutating the current to be interrupted to the primary coils.
  • the primary coils may also be electrically connected directly in the closed condition with the run-off contact, the current being supplied to the bridging contact member through a fixed contact which is insulated from the run-off contact.
  • the commutation of the current to the primary coils sets in when the bridging contact member passes from the fixed contact to the run-off contact.
  • the current to be interrupted flows at first, at the beginning of the breaker opening operation, only through the primary coil of the first coil system, while the other primary coil is connected only later by an auxiliary contact taken along by the run-off contact.
  • the auxiliary contact can also be configured so that it disconnects the primary coil of the first coil system in the course of its movement. In this way, only the back acceleration by the second coil system is still effective in the second part of the breaker opening operation.
  • the invention is of particular importance for blast-piston circuit breakers also known as single-pressure breakers; but it can also be applied to dual-pressure breakers, in which the quenching gas is stored by means of a compressor in a high-pressure tank and flows off into a low-pressure tank in the switching-off process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, in longitudinal section, illustrating a pressure gas circuit breaker equipped with a contact arrangement according to the invention.
  • the portion shown above the center line shows the contact arrangement in the closed position; whereas, the portion of FIG. 1 below the center line shows the contact arrangement in the open position.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the control device of the contact arrangement according to the invention for controlling the movement of the run-off contact.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a commutating arrangement for sequentially energizing the primary coils of the control device shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing how the run-off contact can be provided with a tubular fixed contact telescopically surrounding the run-off contact.
  • FIG. 4a is a section view taken along line IVa--IVa of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the waveforms of the currents induced in the primary and secondary coils of one of the coil systems of the control device as well as the force developed by these currents.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the waveforms of the currents induced in the primary and secondary windings of the other one of the coil systems of the control device as well as the force developed by these currents.
  • the high-voltage circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1 is a blast-piston circuit breaker for, say, 110 kV, wherein sulfur hexafluoride is used as the quenching and insulating gas. Only the parts essential for an understanding of the invention are shown. Not shown are the breaker parts at ground potential, the actuator and the support insulators.
  • the breaker has an arcing chamber 1 which consists, for instance, of porcelain.
  • the switching gap is conjointly defined by the first base contact 3 and second base contact 4, which are constructed as hollow cylinders for removing the quenching gas.
  • the first base contact 3 is connected to a terminal 2 of the breaker, indicated only schematically, and the base contact 4 to a terminal 5.
  • the two base contacts 3 and 4 are connected with each other by a tubular bridging contact member 6 in the closed position, as shown at the top of FIG. 1 above the center line.
  • spring-loaded fingers 7 are positioned which are pressed with their contact surfaces 8 against the base contacts 3 and 4 with predetermined contact pressure.
  • the bridging contact member 6 carries a sliding contact ring 9 of arc-resistant, electrically conductive material with a layer of electrical insulation 10 therebetween.
  • the bridging contact member 6 is screwed into a coupling element 18.
  • the coupling element 18 is connected by means of fastening elements 19 with a tube 20 of insulating material which forms a blasting cylinder.
  • the blast cylinder carries on its end face 21 a nozzle body which surrounds the base contact 3.
  • the insulating tube 20 is made, for instance, of one piece, for example, of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • With the tie rods 12 is coupled a drive member, not shown, which moves the switch from the closed position shown above the center line into the open position shown below.
  • the bridging contact member 6 runs off of the base contact 3 (runoff contact) in the direction of arrow 50.
  • the arcing chamber 1 is completely filled with sulfur hexafluoride at a pressure of, for instance, 4 bar. This quenching gas is compressed when the insulating tube 20 moves in the direction of arrow 50 because at the beginning of the breaker opening movement, the gap is still closed off by the bridging contact member 6 and the quenching gas cannot yet flow off.
  • the first base contact 3 can move against the pressure of a spring 11 in the direction toward the stationary base contact 4. This motion is controlled by an electrodynamic control device which as a whole is designated with reference numeral 14.
  • the control device 14 is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 2.
  • the control device 14 includes two coil systems 15 and 16.
  • the first coil system 15 consist of the primary coil 15a and the secondary coil 15b; the second coil system 16 consists of the primary coil 16a and the secondary coil 16b.
  • the primary coils 15a and 16a are arranged fixed; the secondary coils 15b and 16b are fixedly connected with the runoff contact 3.
  • the input and output contacts of the primary coils are formed by the metal washers 15c and 16c.
  • the secondary coils 15b and 16b may be in the shape of solid metal washers.
  • the secondary coil 15b is configured so that a phase angle of about 30° to 60° el occurs between the voltage u 12 , which is induced in it by a changing current in the primary coil 15a, and the induced current i 12 , so that therefore, a phase difference of about 120° to 150° el exists between the primary current i 11 and the secondary current i 12 .
  • the secondary coil 16b is configured so that a phase of about 90° el exists between the induced voltage u 22 and the secondary current i 22 , so that the secondary current lags the primary current by about 180° el.
  • the primary coils 15a and 16a carry no current.
  • the current entering into the metallic tube 17 at 2 flows to the run-off contact 3 through a movable contact member 25.
  • the movable contact member 25 is braced against the insulating tube 20 under the pressure of a spring 26 via a short cylinder piece 27.
  • the primary coils 15a and 16a are insulated against this current path by an insulating layer 28.
  • the current to be interrupted is commutated to the coil systems 15 and 16.
  • the currents and forces which occur in the coil systems are shown graphically in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the primary and secondary currents have the same amplitudes; a steady-state condition is assumed.
  • the time-dependent coupling of the individual coil systems is not taken into account.
  • the phase difference between the primary current i 21 and the secondary current i 22 is 180° el; this results in a force K 2 which is always positive, that is, repelling.
  • the breaker opening command given at an arbitrary point in time results in a movement of the insulating tube 20 to the right.
  • the cylinder piece 27 is released and the commutation contact 25 also is moved to the right under the pressure of actuation means comprising the spring 26.
  • the current to be interrupted now is thereby commutated to a bypass path containing the primary coils 15a and 16a; it now flows from 2 via 17 through the primary coil 15a, from there through a metallic cylinder 29 to the primary coil 16a and continues via the fixed contact 30 and the contact 25 (in the position 25') to the run-off contact 3.
  • the consumption of quenching gas is less because the gap between the base contacts 3 and 4 and is opened later and is then at first shorter than with a fixed gap.
  • a repelling force becomes effective, according to FIG. 6, between the coils 16a and 16b, which decelerates the run-off contact 3 and accelerates it in the opposite direction with the aid of the spring 11 so that the required extinguishing distance between the base contacts 3 and 4 is reached in time for the zero crossing of the current to be interrupted.
  • the current to be interrupted drops off and approaches the zero crossing, where the arc is extinguished.
  • only the force of the spring 11 is still effective, which returns the run-off contact 3 to the starting position.
  • the primary coils 15a and 16a are connected in series; for the duration of the commutation of the current to be interrupted to the primary coils, the sum of the inductances of the two coil systems is therefore the important factor.
  • the commutation can be facilitated by switching on the primary coils 15a and 16a sequentially.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement suitable for this purpose.
  • the fixed contact 30 is connected here with a ring-shaped contact bridge 31 which in turn cooperates with a movable ancillary contact 32.
  • the ancillary contact 32 is connected with a further ring-shaped, fixed contact member 33, which forms the one terminal of the primary coil 15a.
  • the movable contact member 32 lies between the secondary coils 15b and 16b; it is therefore taken along by the run-off contact 3 when the run-off contact 3 moves.
  • the primary coil 16a is bypassed by the contact member 31; the left-hand terminal of the primary coil 16a is formed by a fixed contact member 34, which is not in the circuit at the start of the commutation. Otherwise, the arrangement according to FIG. 3 agrees with that of FIG. 2.
  • the movable contact 25 passes to the fixed contact 30 at the start of the breaker closing motion as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • the current to be interrupted is commutated to a circuit branch which contains the primary coil 15a and the contact members 33, 32 and 31.
  • a first electrical structure means then includes contact members 33 and 31 to which the ancillary contact 32 helps commutate the current to be interrupted.
  • a repelling force is generated between the coils 15a and 15b of the first coil system whereby the run-off contact 3 is accelerated to the right.
  • the run-off contact 3 takes the movable ancillary contact 32 along.
  • a second electrical structure means then comprises contact members 34 and 35 to which the ancillary contact 32 also helps commutate the current to be interrupted.
  • the repelling force of the first coil system 15 is completely absent. It will be seen that two commutation processes occur here in which only the individual inductances of the primary coils 15a and 16a are effective.
  • the different times for the two commutation processes can be realized and the control device 14 can thereby be constructed so that an optimum cycle of the breaker opening operation is achieved. While according to FIG. 3, the current-conduction times of the two coil systems 15 and 16 directly follow each other, an interval or an overlap can also be provided between them in other embodiments.
  • a fixed contact member 36 is arranged with respect to the run-off contact 3.
  • the fixed contact member 36 is of tubular construction and surrounds the run-off contact 3 in telescopic fashion with an insulating layer 37 interposed.
  • the run-off contact 3 carries no current; the current flows from the terminal 2 through the metallic tube 17 and the fixed contact 36 to the bridging contact member 6.
  • the control device 14 is of the same configuration as in FIG. 2 and is in connection with the run-off contact 3 through the spring-loaded sliding contact 38.
  • the bridging contact member 6 moves to the right and thereby passes with its left end from the fixed contact 36 to the run-off contact 3. This commutates the current to be interrupted to the control device 14 through the sliding contact 38.
  • the further actions and motion cycles are the same as were described in connection with FIG. 2.
  • the run-off contact 3 and the fixed contact 36 advantageously mesh with each other in the range of movement of the run-off contact. This can be seen from the side view according to the lower part of FIG. 4 and the cross-section taken along line IVa-- IVa of FIG. 4 shown in FIG. 4a.
  • This configuration is important for switching-on the breaker which is accomplished by moving the bridging contact member 6 to the left. If there is a short circuit at the time the breaker is closed, the coil system 15 is energized immediately as soon as the bridging contact member 6 runs up on the base contact 3 from the right, so that the base contact 3 is accelerated to the right.
  • the secondary coils 15b and 16b are situated between the primary coils 15a and 16a.
  • the arrangement can also be made so that the secondary coils are situated outside the primary coils; then, only the order of the coil systems, relative to the force of the spring 11, must be interchanged; stated otherwise, the first coil system 15 in FIGS. 2 to 4 must be situated to the right and the second coil system 16 to the left.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
US05/610,230 1974-09-17 1975-09-04 Contact arrangement for an electric compressed-gas circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime US4015095A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DT2444943 1974-09-17
DE19742444943 DE2444943C2 (de) 1974-09-17 Elektrischer Druckgas-Leistungsschalter mit einer durch zwei Basisschaltstücke gebildeten Schaltstrecke und einem Brückenschaltstück

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US4015095A true US4015095A (en) 1977-03-29

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US05/610,230 Expired - Lifetime US4015095A (en) 1974-09-17 1975-09-04 Contact arrangement for an electric compressed-gas circuit breaker

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4015095A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5626092B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1035817A (fr)
CH (1) CH591157A5 (fr)
FR (1) FR2285702A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1459727A (fr)
IT (1) IT1042426B (fr)
SE (1) SE402837B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4221942A (en) * 1976-12-22 1980-09-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for quenching an arc in a gas flow circuit
US4439652A (en) * 1981-07-02 1984-03-27 Siemens Ag Contact system for gas blast circuit breakers
US4501466A (en) * 1977-05-27 1985-02-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High current contact
US4524257A (en) * 1981-03-30 1985-06-18 Ernst Slamecka High-voltage gas-blast puffer type circuit-breaker
US5679986A (en) * 1995-06-26 1997-10-21 Iversen; Arthur H. Synchronization of switchgear switching to waveform indices
US6018133A (en) * 1997-08-11 2000-01-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Low-compression puffer circuit-breaker

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4374486A (en) * 1979-11-08 1983-02-22 Karl Eickmann Radial piston motor or pump

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238340A (en) * 1961-08-25 1966-03-01 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Gas-blast circuit breaker
US3418440A (en) * 1965-09-14 1968-12-24 Gen Electric Gas-blast circuit breaker
US3745281A (en) * 1970-02-20 1973-07-10 Hitachi Ltd Gas-blast circuit breaker having a floating puffer piston driven by electromagnetic force
US3789175A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-01-29 Siemens Ag Electric compressed-gas circuit breaker

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238340A (en) * 1961-08-25 1966-03-01 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Gas-blast circuit breaker
US3418440A (en) * 1965-09-14 1968-12-24 Gen Electric Gas-blast circuit breaker
US3745281A (en) * 1970-02-20 1973-07-10 Hitachi Ltd Gas-blast circuit breaker having a floating puffer piston driven by electromagnetic force
US3789175A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-01-29 Siemens Ag Electric compressed-gas circuit breaker

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4221942A (en) * 1976-12-22 1980-09-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for quenching an arc in a gas flow circuit
US4501466A (en) * 1977-05-27 1985-02-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High current contact
US4524257A (en) * 1981-03-30 1985-06-18 Ernst Slamecka High-voltage gas-blast puffer type circuit-breaker
US4439652A (en) * 1981-07-02 1984-03-27 Siemens Ag Contact system for gas blast circuit breakers
US5679986A (en) * 1995-06-26 1997-10-21 Iversen; Arthur H. Synchronization of switchgear switching to waveform indices
US6018133A (en) * 1997-08-11 2000-01-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Low-compression puffer circuit-breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1459727A (en) 1976-12-31
IT1042426B (it) 1980-01-30
DE2444943B1 (de) 1976-03-11
FR2285702B1 (fr) 1977-07-08
SE7510265L (sv) 1976-03-18
JPS5626092B2 (fr) 1981-06-16
JPS5156969A (fr) 1976-05-19
FR2285702A1 (fr) 1976-04-16
CH591157A5 (fr) 1977-09-15
CA1035817A (fr) 1978-08-01
SE402837B (sv) 1978-07-17

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