US4002463A - Upgrading the nickel content from low grade nickel lateritic iron ores - Google Patents

Upgrading the nickel content from low grade nickel lateritic iron ores Download PDF

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Publication number
US4002463A
US4002463A US05/670,224 US67022476A US4002463A US 4002463 A US4002463 A US 4002463A US 67022476 A US67022476 A US 67022476A US 4002463 A US4002463 A US 4002463A
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nickel
ore
concentrate
process according
flotation
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English (en)
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Antonios Nestoridis
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Financial Mining - Industrial and Shipping Corp
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Financial Mining - Industrial and Shipping Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
    • B03C1/015—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the recovery of nickel in the form of a concentrate from some classes of low grade nickel (from 0.65 to 1% Ni) lateritic iron ore deposits with a relatively high iron content expressed as Fe 2 O 3 (between 30 and 45%) and a silica content more than 40% (free silica and a complex of silicates, mainly serpentines) by a combined process of segregation and magnetic separation or flotation.
  • the process according to the invention is directed to the upgrading of nickel content from nickel lateritic iron ore having an iron content by weight of over 10%, silica of over 25%, and a nickel content of at least 0.5%.
  • the ore is ground and the ground ore is thoroughly mixed with a small quantity of calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate and coke and is sprayed with a solution of sodium chloride to make the appropriate pellets.
  • the pellets are gradually heated under a neutral or a slightly reducing atmosphere, to reach 950°-1000° C (1050° C maximum) and are then roasted at this temperature for about 1 hour (90 minutes maximum).
  • the nickel as well as part of the iron and cobalt from their respective oxides are deposited on a carbon surface of coal under a form of very fine metallic particles through repeated cycles of chloridizations, reductions and hydrogen chloride regenerations.
  • the roasted material is cooled, ground in a water medium and finally subjected to a wet or dry magnetic separation or flotation treatment, to obtain a rich nickel concentrate.
  • the ore must be porous during the roasting, in such a way that the gases have a free access in all the mass of the ore giving the possibility to the involved reactions between solid and gas or simply gas phases to take place simultaneously and the gases to escape evenly from the ore.
  • This role is successfully accomplished by calcium carbonate mainly for feeds in pellet forms.
  • a second function of CaCO 3 is that it acts as a storage of HCL which might have been lost during its formation.
  • the addition of small amounts of calcium sulphate has proved to promote the chloridization of nickel when sodium chloride was used as a chloridizing agent.
  • Sodium chloride apart from its role as a chloridizing agent, acts also as a promoter for hydrogen formation.
  • the iron ore subjected to the present process may be obtained by blending different nickel bearing ores, such as laterites and serpentines, etc., so as to achieve a mixture having the percentages of iron, silica and nickel as mentioned above.
  • the process may be carried out without forming pellets merely by thoroughly mixing the ground ore with sodium chloride, limestone, gypsum and coke.
  • the amount, by weight, of sodium chloride (which may be cooking salt or unrefined salt) may vary between 1.5 and 7.5%, gypsum from 0.1 to 0.5%, coke from 2 to 5% and limestone from 0 to 10%.
  • the process for making the appropriate pellets requires special care for improved nickel recoveries. Two steps of mixing are therefore required before pelletizing. Firstly, the ground ore is thoroughly mixed with limestone, gypsum and coke and, secondly, the mixing is continued and is sprayed by about three-fourths the total amount of the sodium chloride solution. The remainder of the solution is left for the pelletizing stage, whereby improved nickel recoveries are achieved.
  • FIGURE of the drawing is a flow chart which summarizes the process according to the invention.
  • the dotted lines shown in the FIGURE indicate the magnetic separation aspect of the process.
  • a segregation process has been heretofore initially applied to copper oxides using coke and sodium chloride as a chloridizing agent.
  • numerous nickel segregation studies have been carried out mainly based on the principle of the copper oxide segregation process. In these studies, sodium choride was replaced by calcium chloride being considered as the most efficient chloridizing agent in the nickel segregation process.
  • the chloride added to the ore reacts with water vapor to produce hydrochloric acid, while the alkalis and alkali-earth oxides react with the gangue to form complexes of silicates.
  • hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal oxide (NiO, FeO, etc.) to produce the respective metal chloride according to the following equation:
  • Me may be: Ni, Fe and Co.
  • the mineralogical composition of the ore in connection with the new mineral components which might be formed during the heating and roasting stages by the influence of the added reagents plays an important role.
  • the choice of an adequate mixture of reagents would make the nickle oxide more physically accessible to the HCl or FeCl 2 action and consequently would improve the kinetics of chloridization.
  • the blended ore with the reagents must be porous during the roasting stage in accordance with the invention.
  • calcium carbonate plays this role, mainly for feeds in pellet form, (as has been observed repeatedly during experiments) since during the gradual heating of the ore, CaCO 3 is decomposed and the carbon dioxide tends to escape evenly from the pellets leaving voids behind it, thus it would allow the reactions of gas with solid phase and gases between them to take place more easily during the roasting stage.
  • the remainder CaO (from CaCO 3 ) during the roasting, acts, probably directly, on the lattice of the ore, with some disruptive capacity actions, forming the correspondence silicates and rendering the nickel oxide more amenable to chloridization, presumably by FeCl 2 .
  • the crushed ore was ground to pass a 200 mesh sieve and mixed with coke breeze (-35 mesh), limestone and gypsum.
  • the blended ore was sprayed thoroughly with a 23% weight by volume sodium chloride solution and pelletized (see the FIGURE).
  • Table 1 below shows typical chemical analyses of an ore deposit as well as a coke breeze, respectively.
  • the combined water is of importance for non-preroasted ores, at the temperature of their decomposition, since the water would react with a chloridizing agent in the presence of silicates to form HCl. More HCl would be formed by the action of CaCl 2 than by NaCl. Consequently, a greater part of HCl would be lost (together with water) in the case of CaCl 2 use, without reacting with nickel oxide or iron oxide to form the corresponding chlorides.
  • the nickel segregation is an outstanding example of a process in which the ambient atmosphere strongly affects it. Therefore, the process must be carried out under an indirect heating. According to recent developments, such types of heating kilns seem to be available in an industrial scale, capable to work up to a temperature of 1000° C.
  • the roasting-flotation process makes it possible to treat the concentrate by a hydrometallurigical treatment in view of its easy dissolution in acid or leaching with ammonia. It present also the advantage that the concentrate has a relatively low ratio value of iron to nickel which is approximately 2.2:1 as well as the advantage of low cost of energy, compared with a smelting process.
  • the concentrate obtained by the roast-flotation process should be treated hydrometallurgically in view of the removal of copper from nickel.
  • the concentrate obtained from the roasting-magnetic separation due to its relatively high ratio value of iron to nickel which is approximately 4.2:1 may be treated by a smelting process to obtain a high grade iron-nickel alloy.
  • the present process is an economical one, because of its low cost of reagents used for the segregation and particularly when it is combined with a magnetic separation. Moreover, the weight of the concentrate is only approximately 5% of the initial weight.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US05/670,224 1975-04-04 1976-03-25 Upgrading the nickel content from low grade nickel lateritic iron ores Expired - Lifetime US4002463A (en)

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GR641075 1975-04-04
GR6410 1975-04-04

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JP (1) JPS51122618A (da)
AU (1) AU507394B2 (da)
BR (1) BR7602007A (da)
CA (1) CA1076368A (da)
CU (1) CU34489A (da)
DE (1) DE2528137C3 (da)
FI (1) FI760898A (da)
FR (1) FR2306274A1 (da)
GB (1) GB1539284A (da)
NO (1) NO142790C (da)
PH (1) PH13308A (da)
PL (1) PL112080B1 (da)
YU (1) YU56876A (da)
ZA (1) ZA761693B (da)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4402735A (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-09-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Treating deep sea nodules by segregation roasting
US4591426A (en) * 1981-10-08 1986-05-27 Intevep, S.A. Process for hydroconversion and upgrading of heavy crudes of high metal and asphaltene content
WO2000074856A1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-14 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method for the preparation of nickel concentrate
US20040109810A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Khozan Kamram M Process for producing nickel carbonyl, nickel powder and use thereof
FR2881438A1 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-04 Inco Tokyo Nickel Company Ltd Nickel metallique et procede pour sa production
AU2004261886B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2007-10-18 Vale Japan Limited Nickel metal and process for producing the same
US20090267275A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2009-10-29 Wave Separation Technologies Llc Method and Apparatus for Separating Metal Values
WO2011023426A1 (de) * 2009-08-24 2011-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen magnetischen erztrennung und/oder -aufbereitung sowie zugehörige anlage
CN102580844A (zh) * 2012-02-16 2012-07-18 中南大学 一种用药剂提高磁选精矿品位的方法
CN102600981A (zh) * 2012-03-20 2012-07-25 昆明理工大学 一种低品位复合型氧化镍矿浮选分类的方法
RU2504437C2 (ru) * 2011-09-05 2014-01-20 Станислав Георгиевич Чебурашкин Обогатительный модуль для комбинированной переработки многолетнемерзлых хвостов от обогащения вкрапленных медно-никелевых руд норильских месторождений
CN105413857A (zh) * 2016-01-15 2016-03-23 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所 一种用于超细粒级低品位赤褐铁矿强磁选回收的选矿工艺
CN106362861A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-01 四川有色金砂选矿药剂有限公司 低品位铜铅锌铁多金属硫化矿选取精矿的生产线
WO2017024551A1 (zh) * 2015-08-12 2017-02-16 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 利用红土镍矿制备羰基镍粉的方法和系统
CN107312938A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2017-11-03 徐州贝克福尔节能环保技术有限公司 一种红土镍矿侧吹炉冶炼镍铁设备及工艺
CN107377204A (zh) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-24 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 一种难选铁矿石在线闭路竖炉焙烧干磨干选工艺
CN107790283A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-13 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 一种闪石型原生铁矿选别工艺
CN109013051A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-12-18 张雷 一种煤基直接还原磁选生产高镍合金的方法及装置

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4195986A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-04-01 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Selective reduction of nickel laterite ores
FR2516545B1 (fr) * 1981-11-17 1987-06-19 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Procede pour le traitement de minerais oxydes contenant du nickel et du cobalt
WO1999032229A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-07-01 Barry Graham Lumsden Device and method for improving flotation process using magnetic fields
CN101073790B (zh) * 2006-12-22 2010-05-19 昆明贵金属研究所 不同类型红土镍矿的还原-磨选处理方法
CN100497670C (zh) * 2006-12-22 2009-06-10 昆明贵金属研究所 一种转底炉快速还原含碳红土镍矿球团富集镍的方法
CN102094093A (zh) * 2011-03-04 2011-06-15 徐伟 一种回转窑直接还原红土镍矿生产镍铁合金粒的方法
CN107309079A (zh) * 2016-04-26 2017-11-03 上海鑫和镍业科技有限公司 一种处理低品位红土镍矿的方法及其选矿方法
CN109718947B (zh) * 2019-03-20 2020-10-09 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 微细粒磁-赤混合铁矿石的磁－浮联合选矿方法
CN110331283B (zh) * 2019-08-19 2021-08-31 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 红土镍矿酸浸渣的处理方法
CN113457061B (zh) * 2021-07-23 2022-06-03 中建材创新科技研究院有限公司 一种石膏板线消防自动巡检控制系统及方法
CN113957266B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2023-09-05 张雷 煤基焦化还原焙烧焦炭磁选优化红土镍矿的方法及装置

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GB1064469A (en) * 1963-10-21 1967-04-05 Fuji Iron & Steel Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to processes for the treatment of nickelferous ores
JPS4215464Y1 (da) * 1964-07-20 1967-09-05
CA848377A (en) * 1970-08-04 Stojsic Aleksandar Method for producing of nickel concentrate from lateritic ores
US3656935A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-04-18 Univ Minnesota Process for recovering nickel from nickel ores
US3701647A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-10-31 Nippon Mining Co Process for obtaining nickel concentrates from nickel oxide ores
US3725039A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-04-03 Basic Inc Recovery of nickel concentrates from laterite ores
US3754896A (en) * 1970-08-11 1973-08-28 Univ Minnesota Process for recovering nickel from very low grade primary nickel ores
US3801306A (en) * 1970-09-28 1974-04-02 Nickel Le Method for the recovery of nickel from mixed ores
US3841864A (en) * 1971-11-03 1974-10-15 Nickel Le Method for producing nickel by segregation of nickel oxide ores
US3856505A (en) * 1969-03-28 1974-12-24 T Ogawa Process for obtaining nickel concentrates from nickel oxide ores
US3876415A (en) * 1972-02-09 1975-04-08 Int Nickel Co Concentration of nickel values in oxidized ores
US3914124A (en) * 1973-04-09 1975-10-21 Int Nickel Co Reduction of nickel oxide

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA848377A (en) * 1970-08-04 Stojsic Aleksandar Method for producing of nickel concentrate from lateritic ores
GB1064469A (en) * 1963-10-21 1967-04-05 Fuji Iron & Steel Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to processes for the treatment of nickelferous ores
JPS4215464Y1 (da) * 1964-07-20 1967-09-05
US3701647A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-10-31 Nippon Mining Co Process for obtaining nickel concentrates from nickel oxide ores
US3856505A (en) * 1969-03-28 1974-12-24 T Ogawa Process for obtaining nickel concentrates from nickel oxide ores
US3656935A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-04-18 Univ Minnesota Process for recovering nickel from nickel ores
US3754896A (en) * 1970-08-11 1973-08-28 Univ Minnesota Process for recovering nickel from very low grade primary nickel ores
US3801306A (en) * 1970-09-28 1974-04-02 Nickel Le Method for the recovery of nickel from mixed ores
US3725039A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-04-03 Basic Inc Recovery of nickel concentrates from laterite ores
US3841864A (en) * 1971-11-03 1974-10-15 Nickel Le Method for producing nickel by segregation of nickel oxide ores
US3876415A (en) * 1972-02-09 1975-04-08 Int Nickel Co Concentration of nickel values in oxidized ores
US3914124A (en) * 1973-04-09 1975-10-21 Int Nickel Co Reduction of nickel oxide

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4591426A (en) * 1981-10-08 1986-05-27 Intevep, S.A. Process for hydroconversion and upgrading of heavy crudes of high metal and asphaltene content
US4402735A (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-09-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Treating deep sea nodules by segregation roasting
WO2000074856A1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-14 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method for the preparation of nickel concentrate
AU762672B2 (en) * 1999-06-07 2003-07-03 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method for the preparation of nickel concentrate
US8469196B2 (en) * 2002-02-22 2013-06-25 Wave Separation Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for separating metal values
US20090267275A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2009-10-29 Wave Separation Technologies Llc Method and Apparatus for Separating Metal Values
US20040109810A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Khozan Kamram M Process for producing nickel carbonyl, nickel powder and use thereof
US7198770B2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2007-04-03 Chemical Vapour Metal Refining, Inc. Process for producing nickel carbonyl, nickel powder and use thereof
AU2004261886B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2007-10-18 Vale Japan Limited Nickel metal and process for producing the same
FR2881438A1 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-04 Inco Tokyo Nickel Company Ltd Nickel metallique et procede pour sa production
US8584862B2 (en) 2009-08-24 2013-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for continuous magnetic ore separation and/or dressing and related system
CN102596415A (zh) * 2009-08-24 2012-07-18 西门子公司 连续磁力选矿和/或洗矿方法及相应系统
WO2011023426A1 (de) * 2009-08-24 2011-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen magnetischen erztrennung und/oder -aufbereitung sowie zugehörige anlage
CN102596415B (zh) * 2009-08-24 2014-11-05 西门子公司 连续磁力选矿和/或洗矿方法及相应系统
RU2539474C2 (ru) * 2009-08-24 2015-01-20 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Способ непрерывного магнитного разделения и/или обогащения руды.
RU2504437C2 (ru) * 2011-09-05 2014-01-20 Станислав Георгиевич Чебурашкин Обогатительный модуль для комбинированной переработки многолетнемерзлых хвостов от обогащения вкрапленных медно-никелевых руд норильских месторождений
CN102580844B (zh) * 2012-02-16 2014-02-19 中南大学 一种用药剂提高磁选精矿品位的方法
CN102580844A (zh) * 2012-02-16 2012-07-18 中南大学 一种用药剂提高磁选精矿品位的方法
CN102600981A (zh) * 2012-03-20 2012-07-25 昆明理工大学 一种低品位复合型氧化镍矿浮选分类的方法
WO2017024551A1 (zh) * 2015-08-12 2017-02-16 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 利用红土镍矿制备羰基镍粉的方法和系统
CN105413857A (zh) * 2016-01-15 2016-03-23 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所 一种用于超细粒级低品位赤褐铁矿强磁选回收的选矿工艺
CN106362861A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-01 四川有色金砂选矿药剂有限公司 低品位铜铅锌铁多金属硫化矿选取精矿的生产线
CN107377204A (zh) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-24 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 一种难选铁矿石在线闭路竖炉焙烧干磨干选工艺
CN107377204B (zh) * 2017-07-11 2019-03-12 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 一种难选铁矿石在线闭路竖炉焙烧干磨干选工艺
CN107312938A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2017-11-03 徐州贝克福尔节能环保技术有限公司 一种红土镍矿侧吹炉冶炼镍铁设备及工艺
CN107790283A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-13 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 一种闪石型原生铁矿选别工艺
CN109013051A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-12-18 张雷 一种煤基直接还原磁选生产高镍合金的方法及装置
CN109013051B (zh) * 2018-07-12 2021-01-05 张雷 一种煤基直接还原磁选生产高镍合金的方法及装置

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DE2528137C3 (de) 1980-06-26
FR2306274A1 (fr) 1976-10-29
NO142790B (no) 1980-07-07
CU34489A (es) 1978-09-08
PH13308A (en) 1980-03-06
NO142790C (no) 1980-10-15
JPS51122618A (en) 1976-10-26
DE2528137A1 (de) 1976-10-21
YU56876A (en) 1982-05-31
AU1256976A (en) 1977-10-06
CA1076368A (en) 1980-04-29
GB1539284A (en) 1979-01-31
AU507394B2 (en) 1980-02-14
PL112080B1 (en) 1980-09-30
JPS5614133B2 (da) 1981-04-02
NO760985L (da) 1976-10-05
BR7602007A (pt) 1976-10-05
FI760898A (da) 1976-10-05
DE2528137B2 (de) 1979-10-11
FR2306274B1 (da) 1981-05-29
ZA761693B (en) 1977-03-30

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