US3999150A - Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package having spirally wound coupling lines - Google Patents

Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package having spirally wound coupling lines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3999150A
US3999150A US05/535,256 US53525674A US3999150A US 3999150 A US3999150 A US 3999150A US 53525674 A US53525674 A US 53525674A US 3999150 A US3999150 A US 3999150A
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United States
Prior art keywords
input
line
coupling
spiral
lines
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/535,256
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward S. Caragliano
Howard H. Nick
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US05/535,256 priority Critical patent/US3999150A/en
Priority to GB3364675A priority patent/GB1475472A/en
Priority to JP50123336A priority patent/JPS5178671A/ja
Priority to FR7536049A priority patent/FR2296279A1/fr
Priority to DE19752552478 priority patent/DE2552478A1/de
Publication of USB535256I5 publication Critical patent/USB535256I5/en
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Publication of US3999150A publication Critical patent/US3999150A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185Edge coupled lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a strip-line directional coupler, and more particularly, to a strip-line directional coupler having improved electrical characteristics enabling a reduction in volumetric size.
  • the strip-line directional coupler is a device wherein two parallel adjacent printed circuit strip-lines sandwiched between two ground planes are inductively and capacitively coupled so that the edges of a first pulse, of fast rise and fall time characteristics, propagating along one line, produce a positive pulse and a negative pulse in the other line.
  • the lines are back coupled or directional in that the thus produced pulses propagate along the second line in a direction opposite to the direction in which the first pulse propagates along the first line.
  • the energy transferred between the coupling segments of the two element directional coupler is effected by the various physical characteristics of the directional coupler such as the length, width and distance between the coupling segments. Accordingly, the long coupling element lengths needed to obtain a good energy transfer between the segments of the coupler introduces obvious disadvantages in packaging the two-element directional coupler.
  • a strip-line directional coupler in which the volumetric size is reduced without a reduction in electrical characteristics.
  • the input and output coupling lines are wound in corresponding spirals, each having the same pitch and being located at a fixed distance from one another along their entire length which is sufficiently close to provide coupling of an input signal from the input coupling line to the output coupling line in the backward direction.
  • First and second ground planes are located one on either side of and a small distance from the spirally wound input and output coupling lines.
  • a dielectric material is located between the input and output lines and between the ground planes and the input and output lines.
  • the spirally wound input and output coupling lines provide a smaller package and improved electrical characteristics so as to enable a reduction of spacing of the first and second ground planes from either side of the spirally wound input and output coupling lines thereby further diminishing the volumetric size of the device into a small flat package.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art strip-line directional coupler showing the various terminals and coupling segments thereof.
  • FIG. 1a shows typical waveforms obtained at the various terminals of FIG. 1 when a step input is provided at the input terminal.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram portraying the electrical characteristics of the prior art directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3a is a plan view of the directional coupler showing the width of the strip-line utilized.
  • FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional diagram taken along the line 3b--3b of FIG. 3a showing the geometrical arrangement and dimensions of a prior art directional coupler as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4a shows a plan view of a spiral wound coplanar directional coupler.
  • FIG. 4b is a cut away view along the line 4B--4B of the directional coupler shown in FIG. 4a.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a directional coupler showing the serpentine winding configuration of the coupling lines.
  • FIG. 5a is a side view of the directional coupler of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a broadside directional coupler showing the spiral winding of the input and output lines.
  • FIG. 6a is a side view of the broadside directional coupler of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a package depicting the size of a non-spiral directional coupler having certain electrical characteristics.
  • FIG. 8 is a package depicting a spiral wound directional coupler having the same electrical characteristics as the directional coupler providing the package shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing spiral wound directional coupler packages stacked upon one another.
  • FIG. 10 is a graphical representation plotting the impedance ZO in ohms versus the B dimension in mils.
  • FIG. 11 is a graphical representation plotting the coupling coefficient K versus the B dimension in mils.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic diagram of the prior art two element directional coupler which consists of the conductive segments 10 and 12 extending parallel to one another from an end A to an end B.
  • the conductors are mounted on a sub-strate 14 made of a non-conductive material such as epoxyglass and are arranged between two ground planes 16 and 18 which usually consist of sheets of copper arranged over and under the conductors.
  • Each conductive element 10 and 12 has a terminal 20, 22 at the end A of the coupler serving as an input or output terminal.
  • Each conductor 10, 12 has a terminating resistance 24, 26 connected at the B end of the coupler which matches the coupler to the characteristic impedance of the line to which it is connected.
  • the coupling takes place along the length of the segments 10 and 12.
  • the coupler operation depends upon the steepness of the incident pulse rise and fall time.
  • the width or duration of the pulse produced by the coupling is determined by the length L of the two segments 10, 12 in parallel.
  • the performance of the coupler is related to the impedances offered to signals on the transmission lines and the coupling ratio, which are determined by the width of the lines in the coupled region, the thickness of the lines, the distance between around planes, the spacing between the lines and the relative dielectric constant of the material therebetween. It has been determined that coupling segments of electrical length L will produce a pulse having a time duration equal to 2L.
  • a one volt amplitude input signal applied to the input terminal 20 of segment 10 when the coupler has a coupling ratio of 1 to 4 and an electrical length L of 2ns (nanoseconds), will produce an output pulse having a time duration of 4ns and a pulse amplitude of 1/4 volt.
  • the input pulse can be generated by a driver connected to the coupler by a section of transmission line matched to the coupler's impedance.
  • the coupled pulse travels in an opposite direction in the main lines segment 12 to the direction of travel in the coupling segment 10. It will be appreciated, that a pulse travelling along the main transmission line 12 will likewise be coupled to the coupling segment 10 in the opposite direction.
  • a strip-line coupler is operated by the edge of the wave passing along one of the lines and this wave edge should have a rise or fall time that is at least twice as fast as the time duration of the pulse induced in the coupling in order that the relationship of the height of the induced pulse be related to the height of the driving pulse in the manner defined by the coupling ratio K.
  • FIG. 1a shows the apparatusal response to a step function input.
  • the input step function applied to terminal 20 is identified in FIG. 1a as Vin.
  • the waveform identified as V22 is the waveform obtained at terminal 22 which is the backward coupled signal terminal of the coupler. It can be seen that the amplitude of this pulse is determined by the coupling coefficient K of the coupler and has a duration in time equal to 2 ⁇ ; where ⁇ is the electrical length of the coupled region.
  • V21 represents the waveform that arrives at the terminal 21 which is known as the thru terminal of the coupler. It will be appreciated that this signal is delayed by a time equal to ⁇ . This delay is the delay encountered in travelling along the coupling line 10 which has an electrical length ⁇ .
  • V23 represents the waveform that would be seen at terminal 23, which is known as the forward terminal of the coupler. This terminal is the so called “null terminal" wherein the resultant coupled energy is zero.
  • FIG. 2 An incremental length ⁇ X is shown which has associated with it the self-inductance of each transmission line Ls, a mutual inductance between the transmission lines Lm, the self-capacitance of each transmission line relative to ground Cs and the mutual capacitance between the lines Cm.
  • the input impedance seen between the input terminal 20 and ground is dependent upon Ls, Lm, Cs, Cm and the terminating impedances Zo.
  • the electrical parameters shown in FIG. 2 are dependent upon the physical geometric parameters of the directional coupler which are depicted in FIG. 3a and 3b as well as the electro magnetic properties of the surrounding material.
  • FIG. 3a which is a plan view of the directional coupler, shows the width W of the coupled lines.
  • FIG. 3b shows the so called broadside directional coupler in cross-section with the following notations:
  • Mr The relative permeability of the surrounding insulating material
  • Np (Velocity of Propagation) g (c, Er, Mr) c being the velocity of light
  • the resultant geometric configuration is:
  • Example 1 It follows from Example 1 that with a dielectric contant of material Er of 4.8 and an electrical length ⁇ of 3.75 n.s., the length of the coupled region will be approximately equal to 21 inches. Similarly in Example 2 the length of the coupled region will be approximately 168 inches. Of course, the length dimension of any package including the directional coupler will be related to the 21 and 168 inches state above. It will be appreciated that the implementation of the examples would produce a very cumbersome package; i.e., 22 inches ⁇ 0.25 inch ⁇ 1.3 inches. Any significant attempt to reduce the length dimension of the package will result in a deviation from the straight line case.
  • FIG. 5 and 5a there is shown a broadside coupler having a serpentine configuration of the coupling lines which impacts the previous straight line electrical parameter Ls, Lm, Cs, and Cm.
  • the straight line arrangement were bent into the serpentine configuration of FIG. 5, the self inductance of each of the coupled lines and the mutual inductances between the lines would be reduced as compared to the straight line case.
  • the adjacent line segments interact in a manner wherein the current of segment A--A is opposite in direction to that of segment B--B so that the magnetic field produced by the current in segment A--A serves to curtail the field produced by the same current flowing in segment B--B which results in a lower value of self inductance Ls for the entire line.
  • the dimensions B, X, and Y as shown in FIG. 3 will be fixed. If this same coupler arrangement is changed to the serpentine configuration, a lower characteristic impedance Zo and a lower coupling coefficient k will result. A modification of the Q, B and X dimensions can be made to bring these characteristics Zo and k back to the value obtained in the straight line case. The required changes would involve an increase in the Q B dimensions and a decrease in the X dimension.
  • FIG. 6 and 6a there are shown the plan and side view of the broadside directional coupler in which the input coupling line and the output coupling line are spirally wound.
  • Each spiral winding has the same pitch and is arranged in parallel planes so that the width dimension W of the adjacent spirals are opposite and parallel to each other at a distance X throughout their entire length.
  • the spirals are located within a dielectric material which extends out to ground planes, one of which is parallel thereto above the spirals and the other below.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are similarly applicable to the spiral wound directional coupler shown in FIG. 6 and 6a.
  • the spiral configuration of the input and output coupling segments or lines affords a considerable reduction of the length dimension with respect to the straight line coupler and affords a much more compact package.
  • the adjacent segments of the windings have the current going in the same direction so that the fields about the current carrying lines tend to aid rather than detract.
  • there is coupling between adjacent lines which is enhanced when the spirals have a small pitch.
  • These improved electrical characteristics are diminished as the ground plane separation B is diminished. Moving the ground planes closer to the spirals tends to limit the field so that there is less adjacent line coupling.
  • the input and output coupling lines or segments are wound in separate spirals, each having the same pitch.
  • the spirals are located in the same plane slightly offset from one another so that the edges of a line segment of one spiral are separated from the edges of adjacent line segments of the other spiral by a distance S throughout their length.
  • the electrical characteristics of the smaller volume spiral wound package are still the equivalent of those of the straight line configuration. In other words diminishing the volume of the package by moving the ground planes closer together diminishes the electrical operation thereby offsetting the increase in electrical operation obtained by the spiral winding of the input and output coupling lines.
  • the pitch is taken from center to center of adjacent windings of the spiral.
  • the B dimension in the straight line case utilizing the same conditions was 1327 mils. This is a difference in B dimension of 1227 mils.
  • the resultant serpentine configuration package size was approximately 3 inches ⁇ 1.33 inches ⁇ 2 inches as shown in FIG. 7, for a total volume of approximately 8 cubic inches.
  • the equivalent spiral configuration resulted in a package which is approximately 1 inches ⁇ 1 inches ⁇ 0.1 inch which is 0.1 cubic inch. This is almost a 2 order of magnitude reduction in volume; see FIG. 8.
  • the area defined by the product of dimensions A and C can be further reduced. This can be done by dividing the total length of the spiral configuration in half, and producing from each half another spiral configuration which could then be connected to one another in a serial fashion and stacked as shown in FIG. 9. This would result in a reduction in area with a corresponding increase in the B dimension, with no adverse effect on the electrical performance of the coupler.
  • FIG. 10 is a plot of the characteristic impedance Zo versus the B dimension for a 65 megabit coplanar spiral directional coupler.
  • the coplanar spiral is one wherein the input coupling line spiral and the output coupling line spiral have the same geometrical characteristics of line, width and thickness and also the same spiral pitch.
  • the spirals are interleaved and closely spaced with respect to one another over the entire length of the coupling line in the coupling region.
  • the input coupling lines and the output coupling lines are located in the same plane.
  • the line coupling width is equal to 5 mils and the distance S is equal to 5 mils.
  • the distance S is the distance that one spiral is spaced from the other spiral along it's coupling length.
  • the S distance is the distance between the edge of the input coupling line and the edge of the output coupling line.
  • FIG. 11 shows a plot of the coupling coefficient k versus the B dimension for a 65 megabit coplanar spiral directional coupler having 5 mil wide lines with a spacing S of 5 mils.
  • the pitch of the spirals used in this case is 20 mils. Comparing the B dimension for the spiral coupler and the straight line coupler for a coupling coefficient of approximately 0.25 it can be seen that the spiral coupler requires a B dimension of approximately 150 mils while the straight line coupler requires a B dimension of approximately 450 mils. This is a considerable reduction in the B dimension for a given coupling coefficient k.

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  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US05/535,256 1974-12-23 1974-12-23 Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package having spirally wound coupling lines Expired - Lifetime US3999150A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/535,256 US3999150A (en) 1974-12-23 1974-12-23 Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package having spirally wound coupling lines
GB3364675A GB1475472A (en) 1974-12-23 1975-08-13 Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package
JP50123336A JPS5178671A (fr) 1974-12-23 1975-10-15
FR7536049A FR2296279A1 (fr) 1974-12-23 1975-11-17 Assemblage de coupleur directionnel a ligne plate miniaturisee
DE19752552478 DE2552478A1 (de) 1974-12-23 1975-11-22 In bandleitungstechnik aufgebauter richtkoppler

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US05/535,256 US3999150A (en) 1974-12-23 1974-12-23 Miniaturized strip-line directional coupler package having spirally wound coupling lines

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USB535256I5 USB535256I5 (fr) 1976-03-23
US3999150A true US3999150A (en) 1976-12-21

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JP (1) JPS5178671A (fr)
DE (1) DE2552478A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2296279A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1475472A (fr)

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6124302A (ja) * 1984-07-12 1986-02-03 Yagi Antenna Co Ltd スパイラル線路型フイルタ
JPS6310812A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1988-01-18 Murata Mfg Co Ltd バンドパスフイルタ
US4777458A (en) * 1985-04-02 1988-10-11 Gte Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Thin film power coupler
JPS63318808A (ja) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-27 Murata Mfg Co Ltd バンドパスフイルタ
EP0302479A1 (fr) * 1987-08-06 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Coupleur à lignes à bandes
DE19647315A1 (de) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-22 Murata Manufacturing Co Element mit gekoppelten Leitungen
US5697088A (en) * 1996-08-05 1997-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Balun transformer
US5841328A (en) * 1994-05-19 1998-11-24 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler
EP1010209A1 (fr) * 1997-02-12 2000-06-21 Motorola, Inc. Coupleur directif surcouple a bande etroite dans un module multicouche
US6346863B2 (en) * 1997-12-05 2002-02-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US6747525B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-06-08 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US6765455B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2004-07-20 Merrimac Industries, Inc. Multi-layered spiral couplers on a fluropolymer composite substrate
US6806789B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-10-19 M/A-Com Corporation Quadrature hybrid and improved vector modulator in a chip scale package using same
US20040263281A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Podell Allen F. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US20050122185A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Podell Allen F. Bi-level coupler
US20050146394A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-07-07 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler with edge and broadside coupled sections
US20060028295A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-09 Belinda Piernas Three-dimensional quasi-coplanar broadside microwave coupler
US20060066418A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2006-03-30 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20060119231A1 (en) * 2004-12-06 2006-06-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Oscillator
US20070120621A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-05-31 Anaren, Inc. Vertical Inter-Digital Coupler
US20070120622A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-05-31 Stmicroelectronics S.A. Integrated power combiner/splitter
US20070120637A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-05-31 Stmicroelectronics S.A. Balun with a 1/4 impedance ratio
US20070296519A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 Stmicroelectronics S.A. Power combiner/splitter
US7561007B1 (en) 2006-08-02 2009-07-14 Lockheed Martin Corporation Switchable phase shifter for providing selectable phase shift paths
US20090295512A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Tiffin Lawrence W Circuit Module with Non-Contacting Microwave Interlayer Interconnect
US8044749B1 (en) 2008-02-26 2011-10-25 Anaren, Inc. Coupler device
US20130112466A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-05-09 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Electronic component and method for manufacturing the same
US20130194055A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler
US20140368293A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2014-12-18 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US20150311577A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US9230726B1 (en) 2015-02-20 2016-01-05 Crane Electronics, Inc. Transformer-based power converters with 3D printed microchannel heat sink
US9888568B2 (en) 2012-02-08 2018-02-06 Crane Electronics, Inc. Multilayer electronics assembly and method for embedding electrical circuit components within a three dimensional module
RU2717386C1 (ru) * 2019-05-27 2020-03-23 Акционерное общество "Микроволновые системы" Спиральный сверхширокополосный микрополосковый квадратурный направленный ответвитель
US20210218120A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-07-15 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US11489244B2 (en) * 2018-10-03 2022-11-01 Akcionernoe Obshestvo Microvolnovye Sistemy Spiral ultra-wideband microstrip quadrature directional coupler

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JPS5451445A (en) * 1977-09-30 1979-04-23 Fujitsu Ltd Directional coupler
JPS6017008U (ja) * 1983-07-12 1985-02-05 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
JP2817487B2 (ja) * 1991-12-09 1998-10-30 株式会社村田製作所 チップ型方向性結合器
JPH05243820A (ja) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-21 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 方向性結合器
JP2656000B2 (ja) * 1993-08-31 1997-09-24 日立金属株式会社 ストリップライン型高周波部品
JP2702894B2 (ja) * 1995-02-27 1998-01-26 日立金属株式会社 方向性結合器
JP3735332B2 (ja) * 2002-08-30 2006-01-18 Fdk株式会社 積層型方向性結合器
JP2008271478A (ja) * 2007-04-25 2008-11-06 New Japan Radio Co Ltd 90度ハイブリッド

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US3407366A (en) * 1964-10-06 1968-10-22 Vikoa Inc Antenna coupling apparatus for multiple receivers
US3551856A (en) * 1968-09-27 1970-12-29 Bendix Corp Miniaturized circuit device
US3629738A (en) * 1970-06-01 1971-12-21 Sprague Electric Co Microstrip delay line

Cited By (65)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0234522B2 (fr) * 1984-07-12 1990-08-03 Yagi Antena Kk
JPS6124302A (ja) * 1984-07-12 1986-02-03 Yagi Antenna Co Ltd スパイラル線路型フイルタ
US4777458A (en) * 1985-04-02 1988-10-11 Gte Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Thin film power coupler
JPS6310812A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1988-01-18 Murata Mfg Co Ltd バンドパスフイルタ
JPS63318808A (ja) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-27 Murata Mfg Co Ltd バンドパスフイルタ
JPH0542174B2 (fr) * 1987-06-22 1993-06-25 Murata Manufacturing Co
EP0302479A1 (fr) * 1987-08-06 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Coupleur à lignes à bandes
US5841328A (en) * 1994-05-19 1998-11-24 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler
DE19647315B4 (de) * 1995-11-16 2010-09-30 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo-shi Element mit gekoppelten Leitungen
DE19647315A1 (de) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-22 Murata Manufacturing Co Element mit gekoppelten Leitungen
US5697088A (en) * 1996-08-05 1997-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Balun transformer
EP1010209A1 (fr) * 1997-02-12 2000-06-21 Motorola, Inc. Coupleur directif surcouple a bande etroite dans un module multicouche
EP1010209A4 (fr) * 1997-02-12 2000-06-21 Motorola Inc Coupleur directif surcouple a bande etroite dans un module multicouche
US6346863B2 (en) * 1997-12-05 2002-02-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US6765455B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2004-07-20 Merrimac Industries, Inc. Multi-layered spiral couplers on a fluropolymer composite substrate
US20040207482A1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2004-10-21 Merrimac Industries, Inc. Spiral couplers
EP1565959A2 (fr) * 2000-11-09 2005-08-24 Merrimac Industries, Inc. Coupleurs en spirale
US7127808B2 (en) 2000-11-09 2006-10-31 Merrimac Industries, Inc. Spiral couplers manufactured by etching and fusion bonding
EP1565959A4 (fr) * 2000-11-09 2006-05-03 Merrimac Ind Inc Coupleurs en spirale
US6747525B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-06-08 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
US6806789B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-10-19 M/A-Com Corporation Quadrature hybrid and improved vector modulator in a chip scale package using same
US7190240B2 (en) 2003-06-25 2007-03-13 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US7132906B2 (en) 2003-06-25 2006-11-07 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US20040263281A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Podell Allen F. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US7345557B2 (en) 2003-06-25 2008-03-18 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20060066418A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2006-03-30 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20070159268A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2007-07-12 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US7138887B2 (en) 2003-12-08 2006-11-21 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler with lateral extension
US20050122186A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Podell Allen F. Phase inverter and coupler assembly
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1475472A (en) 1977-06-01
FR2296279A1 (fr) 1976-07-23
JPS5178671A (fr) 1976-07-08
USB535256I5 (fr) 1976-03-23
FR2296279B1 (fr) 1978-05-12
DE2552478A1 (de) 1976-06-24

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