US3930182A - Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector - Google Patents

Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector Download PDF

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Publication number
US3930182A
US3930182A US483074A US48307474A US3930182A US 3930182 A US3930182 A US 3930182A US 483074 A US483074 A US 483074A US 48307474 A US48307474 A US 48307474A US 3930182 A US3930182 A US 3930182A
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Prior art keywords
traveling
wave tube
field
collector
collector electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US483074A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jork Bretting
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a traveling-wave tube of the type including a periodic permanent magnet (ppm) electron beam focusing device and an electron collector which is'provided with two collector electrode arrangements disposed in series in the direction of the beam and electrically insulated from one another, which arrangements enclose the electron beam alon'g part of its path.
  • ppm periodic permanent magnet
  • ppm electron beam focusing devices employ permanent magnets to produce a periodic beam positioning'field which includes substantially a plurality of magnetic concentrating, or focusing, lenses arranged in series in the direction along the beam path.
  • a frequently used apparatus of this type includes a plurality of axially magnetized permanent magnet rings within which the traveling-wave tube is disposed, the rings being attached so that their like polarity end surfaces face one another.
  • Such multiple stage collectors include, for example, a plurality of electrically insulated annular electrodes to which different potentials are preferably applied.
  • the electron collector according to the invention leads, on the one hand, to an increase in efficiency of about 20 to 30% and, on the other hand, enables the energy loss in the tube to be kept approximately constant and substantially independent of the modulation of the tube.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that it leads to the possibility of designing the two series arranged collector electrode arrangements with an inner diameter which is as large as possible and of keeping the electron entrance apertures for the electron beam as small as possible. This provides an advantageous mode of operation for the tube in that secondary electrons which occur in the second, or downstream, collector electrode arrangement are prevented from reaching the first collector electrode arrangement.
  • the first stage of the collector prefferably has an axial length which is about five to 50 times, but preferably 10 to 30 times, and most preferably times, the diameter of the electron beam entering the collector and to employ an additional magnetic lens which has a maximum axial field intensity of about 0.3 to 0.6 times the peak value of the periodic permanent magnet beam focusing field.
  • This additional magnetic lens is advisably arranged in the region of the electron collector so that its maximum field intensity value is reached between the two electrode arrangements, or stages, of the electron collector.
  • the polarity of the magnetic field of the additional magnetic lens is advantageous for the polarity of the magnetic field of the additional magnetic lens to be opposite to the polarity of the last, or downstream, field peak of the periodic permanent magnet beam focusing field.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of a traveling-wave tube according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph presenting a set of curves illustrating the improvement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the electron collector end of a traveling-wave tube constructed according to the invention.
  • the periodic permanent magnet focusing arrangement 11 which can be of any known type, the electron beam 5 is focused and positioned within the tube so that it enters the electron collector EA approximately with a diameter D.
  • the entire length of the electron collector EA is constituted by a first stage 1 with a length 1 and a second stage 2 with a length l
  • Each stage includes an electrode arrangement of a plurality of preferably axially symmetrical electrode parts.
  • the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tube is indicated at 6.
  • a magnetic focusing lens is provided essentially in the region between the first stage 1 and the second stage 2 and this lens produces a magnetic focusing field which refocuses the electrons of the electron beam.
  • this magnetic focusing lens includes two magnetic rings 3 and 4 which are axially magnetized and are arranged in such a manner that opposite polarity end surfaces thereof face one another.
  • the arrangement of this additional magnetic confining, or focusing, lens is preferably selected so that its maximum field intensity occurs in the region between the two stages of the electron collector.
  • the length of I of the first stage of the electron collector is advisably 10 to 20 times that of diameter D of the electron beam.
  • the entrance aperture of the first collector electrode arrangement is advisably not made much larger than required for receiving the electron beam.
  • the two electrode arrangements of stages 1 and 2 are electrically insulated from one another and advisably a different voltage is applied to each, it being further advisable to have the voltage of the first stage 1.7 to 2 times the magnitude of the voltage of the second stage.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph in which the absorbed energy P the percent overall efficiency '1 and the energy P which has been converted to heat are plotted as a function of energy output P are shown in solid lines (1) for a traveling-wave tube with a single-stage collector electrode and in broken lines (2) for the traveling-wave tube of FIG. 1 having a two-stage collector electrode and additional magnetic focusing lens.
  • This graph indicates that P (1) for the tube with the single-stage collector is greater than the absorbed energy P (2) in the traveling-wave tube of the present invention. It can also be seen that the efficiency 1 (2) is higher by more than 20% than 11(1).
  • FIG. 1 shows that the energy converted to heat P,,,(2), in the tube according to the invention is lower, on the one hand, and substantially more constant, on the other hand, than the energy converted to heat P (l) of a traveling-wave tube with single-stage collector.
  • a preferred embodiment according to the invention was used in connection with a 20 W helix type TWT in the frequency range 1 1,7-1 2,2 Gl-lz for a satellite system, having a 50 mA-beam of 0,6 mm diameter and a perveance of 0,3 l 6 A/,3/2 focused by the magnetic field generated by the SmCo magnets 11 in such a manner that the beam boundary entering the collector is parallel to the axis of the whole system.
  • Dimensions of a preferred used collector were 1 16 mm, 1 47 mm, max. internal diameter of collector 1 9 mm, internal diameter of collector 2 9 mm, separation of collector l and collector 2 3 mm, diameter of magnet ring 3 25 mm, diameter of magnet ring 4 25 mm.
  • atraveling-wave tube composed of a ppm electron beam focusing device and an electron collector disposed adjacent the focusing device and provided with two collector electrode arrangements disposed to enclose the electron beam over part of its path, said arrangements being spaced from one another by a transition region and being arranged in succession along the axis of the beam in the collector, the two arrangements being electrically insulated from one another, the improvement wherein said collector further comprises additional magnetic focusing lens field producing means disposed in the transition region between said two collector electrode arrangements and producing a concentrating field which refocuses the electrons in the beam in the region between said collector electrode arrangements.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 1 wherein that one of said collector electrode arrangements which is disposed closer to said focusing device has a length of five to 50 times the diameter of the electron beam entering this collector electrode arrangment.
  • Traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 2 wherein the length of said arrangement is ID to 30 times such beam diameter.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 1 wherein the maximum axial field intensity of the field produced by said field producing means is located in a plane which lies between said two collector electrode arrangements.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 1 wherein the polarity of said additional focusing lens field is opposite to the polarity of that field peak which in the ppm beam focusing field device is closest to said electron collector.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 1 wherein said field producing means comprises a permanent magnet arrangement for producing the additional focusing lens field.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 9 wherein said permanent magnet arrangement comprises two coaxial and identically axially magnetized ring magnets.
  • traveling-wave tube as defined in claim 1 wherein said electron collector has only two collector electrode arrangements.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US483074A 1973-06-30 1974-06-25 Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector Expired - Lifetime US3930182A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2333441A DE2333441C3 (de) 1973-06-30 1973-06-30 Lauffeldröhre

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US3930182A true US3930182A (en) 1975-12-30

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US (1) US3930182A (de)
DE (1) DE2333441C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2235473B1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207494A (en) * 1977-03-24 1980-06-10 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Microwave tubes provided with permanent magnet type magnetic circuits
US4387323A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Permanent magnet structure for linear-beam electron tubes
US5107166A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electron beam collector assembly for a velocity modulated tube
DE4323777A1 (de) * 1992-07-21 1994-01-27 Litton Systems Inc Kollektorionen-Abweiser
US6320315B1 (en) * 1998-10-22 2001-11-20 Litton Systems, Inc. Ceramic electron collector assembly having metal sleeve for high temperature operation
US6653787B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2003-11-25 L-3 Communications Corporation High power density multistage depressed collector
EP1589561A1 (de) 2004-04-22 2005-10-26 FEI Company Teilchenoptisches Gerät ausgerüstet mit Linsen mit permanentmagnetisches Material
US20100171037A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2010-07-08 Fei Company Compact scanning electron microscope
RU2806306C1 (ru) * 2023-01-25 2023-10-30 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Алмаз" (АО "НПП "Алмаз") Коллектор электронов для электровакуумного прибора

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2633326C2 (de) * 1973-06-30 1984-07-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Lauffeldröhre
DE2906657C2 (de) * 1979-02-21 1983-05-05 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Lauffeldröhre

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2305884A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron beam concentrating system
US2306875A (en) * 1940-02-06 1942-12-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US3153743A (en) * 1960-09-20 1964-10-20 Siemens Ag Electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like
US3175120A (en) * 1960-02-25 1965-03-23 Csf Collector comprising rings skewed to beam and increasing in diameter along beam
US3297907A (en) * 1963-06-13 1967-01-10 Varian Associates Electron tube with collector having magnetic field associated therewith, said field causing electron dispersion throughout the collector
US3368104A (en) * 1964-03-17 1968-02-06 Varian Associates Electron beam tube included depressed collector therefor
US3388281A (en) * 1964-08-07 1968-06-11 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Electron beam tube having a collector electrode insulatively supported by a cooling chamber
US3394282A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-07-23 Philips Corp Electron beam discharge with periodic permanent magnet focussing
US3450930A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-06-17 Varian Associates Permanent magnet focused linear beam tube employing a compensating magnet structure between the main magnet and the beam collector

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2853641A (en) * 1955-01-20 1958-09-23 Gen Electric Electron beam and wave energy interaction device
US3445714A (en) * 1965-10-19 1969-05-20 Nippon Electric Co Travelling-wave tube amplifier having asymmetric magnetomotive force within the collector for preventing backflow of secondary electrons

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2306875A (en) * 1940-02-06 1942-12-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2305884A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron beam concentrating system
US3175120A (en) * 1960-02-25 1965-03-23 Csf Collector comprising rings skewed to beam and increasing in diameter along beam
US3153743A (en) * 1960-09-20 1964-10-20 Siemens Ag Electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like
US3297907A (en) * 1963-06-13 1967-01-10 Varian Associates Electron tube with collector having magnetic field associated therewith, said field causing electron dispersion throughout the collector
US3368104A (en) * 1964-03-17 1968-02-06 Varian Associates Electron beam tube included depressed collector therefor
US3394282A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-07-23 Philips Corp Electron beam discharge with periodic permanent magnet focussing
US3388281A (en) * 1964-08-07 1968-06-11 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Electron beam tube having a collector electrode insulatively supported by a cooling chamber
US3450930A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-06-17 Varian Associates Permanent magnet focused linear beam tube employing a compensating magnet structure between the main magnet and the beam collector

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207494A (en) * 1977-03-24 1980-06-10 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Microwave tubes provided with permanent magnet type magnetic circuits
US4387323A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Permanent magnet structure for linear-beam electron tubes
US5107166A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electron beam collector assembly for a velocity modulated tube
DE4323777A1 (de) * 1992-07-21 1994-01-27 Litton Systems Inc Kollektorionen-Abweiser
US6320315B1 (en) * 1998-10-22 2001-11-20 Litton Systems, Inc. Ceramic electron collector assembly having metal sleeve for high temperature operation
US6653787B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2003-11-25 L-3 Communications Corporation High power density multistage depressed collector
EP1589561A1 (de) 2004-04-22 2005-10-26 FEI Company Teilchenoptisches Gerät ausgerüstet mit Linsen mit permanentmagnetisches Material
EP1589561B1 (de) * 2004-04-22 2008-12-17 FEI Company Teilchenoptisches Gerät ausgerüstet mit Linsen mit permanentmagnetisches Material
US20100171037A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2010-07-08 Fei Company Compact scanning electron microscope
US20100194874A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2010-08-05 Fei Company User Interface for an Electron Microscope
US7906762B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2011-03-15 Fei Company Compact scanning electron microscope
US9025018B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2015-05-05 Fei Company User interface for an electron microscope
RU2806306C1 (ru) * 2023-01-25 2023-10-30 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Алмаз" (АО "НПП "Алмаз") Коллектор электронов для электровакуумного прибора

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2333441A1 (de) 1975-01-09
FR2235473A1 (de) 1975-01-24
FR2235473B1 (de) 1979-05-25
DE2333441C3 (de) 1975-12-18
DE2333441B2 (de) 1975-04-30

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