US3928849A - Intrusion detector self-test system - Google Patents

Intrusion detector self-test system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928849A
US3928849A US533741A US53374174A US3928849A US 3928849 A US3928849 A US 3928849A US 533741 A US533741 A US 533741A US 53374174 A US53374174 A US 53374174A US 3928849 A US3928849 A US 3928849A
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Prior art keywords
gate
intrusion
output
signal
state
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US533741A
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English (en)
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Frank Schwarz
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US Department of Energy
Energy Research and Development Administration ERDA
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US Department of Energy
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Priority to US533741A priority Critical patent/US3928849A/en
Priority to GB4370175A priority patent/GB1466518A/en
Priority to JP50150099A priority patent/JPS5185698A/ja
Priority to FR7538520A priority patent/FR2295505A1/fr
Priority to DE19752556864 priority patent/DE2556864A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/183—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/123—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems of line circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S250/00—Radiant energy
    • Y10S250/01—Passive intrusion detectors

Definitions

  • An intrusion detection system which automatically i hm 6 29/00 makes periodic tests of the operability of the system [58] Field of 411 214 and provides an alarm in the event of a malfunction 340/276 255 258 6 6 during the supervisory self-check regimen which alarm is distinguishable from the normal intrusion alan'n.
  • This invention relates to intrusion detector systems and more particularly to an intrusion detector system which automatically makes periodic tests of the operability of the system.
  • an object of this invention to provide an improved intrusion detector system. It is a further object of the invention to provide an intrusion detection system which incorporates the capability for auto matically testing the operability and integrity of the system. It is an additional object of the invention to provide an intrusion detection system which automatically activates the detector mechanism in order that the operability of the system be periodically tested. It is an even further object of the invention to provide an intrusion detection system which periodically automatically simulates an intrusion but which prevents an alarm signal from being given in response to the simulated intrusion unless a defect or malfunction is present in the system in order to provide a supervisory self-check of the system.
  • the above and additional objects are accomplished by periodically developing a plurality of signals by a clock means, one of which initiates a simulated intrusion in order to activate the detector operated circuit, a second of which is a signal of opposite state to the intrusion signal output of the detector operated circuit and a third of which is a delay signal of shorter duration than the other two.
  • the three signals initiated by the clock means are combined along with the output signal from the detector operated circuit as inputs to a combination of logic gates in order to provide alarm signals in response to an actual intrusion and in response to a malfunctioning of the system during the periodic supervisory self-check sequence and, conversely, a prevention of any alarm signal in response to the simulated intrusion of the self-check sequence in the event the system is operating normally in all respects.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an intrusion detection circuit utilizing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a representation of electrical signals devel' oped at various points in the circuit of FIG. 1.
  • Detector operated circuit 12 is so constituted in a manner to be further described hereinafter as to produce an output E at point 13 which is at either one of two possible switching states.
  • Those skilled in the logic switching art will appreciate that a great deal of latitude is possible in the selection of particular values for binary switching states, depending in large degree on the particular components selected to perform the gate functions.
  • the preferred embodiment will be described in terms of positive logic where one switching state is at maximum positive voltage (hereinafter abbreviated as MV and representative of a l in binary logic) and the opposite switching state is at 0 volts, many other combinations are, of course, possible.
  • the output of detector operated circuit 12 at point 13 is at MV in response to a non-intrusion condition and at zero in response to an intrusion condition.
  • a zero state at input 14 of NAND gate 15 produces an MV output at 16 regardless of the state of the input at 17. Accordingly, it can be seen that assuming the absence of an MV state at point 18, the conditions governing the occurrence of which will be described hereinafter a zero state at point 13 in response to the activation of detector 20 will produce an MV alarm signal at output 16 of gate 15.
  • detector operated circuit 12 produces an output E at 13 of one switching state in response to a nonactivated condition of detector 20 and an output of a second state in response to activation of detector 20 in response to either a real or a simulated intrusion, and that detector 20 can be activated in response to some phenomenon which is initiated by clock means 22 in order to simulate an intrusion.
  • detector 20 is a passive, therrnopile type such as that described in my US. Pat. No. 3,760,399 issued Sept. 18, 1973 to Barnes Engineering Company as my assignee.
  • an object moving across the field of view of the thennopile -produces an output 26 of changing polarity as illustrated in waveform B of FIG. 2.
  • the output 26 is applied to preamplifier 27, having one or more stages, and the positive going portions 28 of the alternating 3 positive-and-negative-going signals 28 and 29, are compared against a positive reference, +R, by comparator and the negative portions 29 compared against a negative reference, -R, by comparator 31.
  • the respective comparator 30 or 31 switches state to provide a pulse which is stretched by the respective integrator 34 or 35 to provide an MV output pulse 36 or 37 of waveforms C or D of selected time duration at 38 or 39.
  • positive and negative pulses 28 and 29 of waveform B are both present and of sufficient magnitude and in appropriate time sequence as would be characteristic of an activation of detector 20, portions of the MV pulses 36 and 37 of waveforms C and D would be applied to inputs 42 and 43 of NAND gate 44 during the same time interval, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Simuitaneous MV inputs to NAND gate 44 would, of course, be the only combination to cause a zero output at 13.
  • a zero state at input 14 of NAND gate 15 would produce the MV alarm signal at 16 which is the intruder alarm pulse 45 of waveform F.
  • an MV pulse 47 of waveform Aof FIG. 2 is periodically generated by clock operated means 22.
  • an astable multivibrator having a repetition rate of about once every half hour was the heart of clock means 22.
  • particular clock means for particular applications will come readily to the thought of those skilled in the art. While the time periods indicated on HO. 2 are those actually produced in the particular circuit and are provided as a matter of reference, many other combinations would be completely satisfactory for other applications of the invention.
  • the MV pulse 47 is utilized to develop a number of signals utilized by the circuit and is, accordingly, passed in three directions at junction 48.
  • pulse 47 is A-C coupled through capacitor 51 to light emitting diode 52 to causethe radiation of light, including infrared, therefrom which is seen by detector 20 as an intrusion.
  • Other sources of infrared radiation such as a light bulb, would, of course, be satisfactory. Receipt of the radiation from LED 52 by detector 20 causes detector operated circuit 12 to respond in the same manner as if an actual intrusion had occurred thereby resulting in a zero output at 13 as previously described.
  • MV pulse 47 of waveform A is also applied to input 14 of gate 15 through junction 18.
  • the MV pulse 47 at junction 18 would, of course, override the zero pulse 53 of waveform E thereby making input 14 of gate 15 to be at the same state as it would be under normal, non-intrusion circuit operation, i.e., detector 20 in the inactivated condition.
  • the voltage at junction 13 will continue to be determined by the state of gate 44, resistor 54 providing isolation between junctions l3 and 18.
  • a third application of waveform A is made through delay and integrator circuits 57 and 58, respectively, to produce the shortened, delayed MV pulse 59 of waveform A.
  • Waveform A is applied as one input 61 to NAND gate 60 and waveform E as the other input 62.
  • signal G will ilways be at MV. Under such normal operation of the 4 circuit, there would be no occasion when waveforms E and A would both be at MV in order to cause NAND gate 60 to change state and switch output 63 from MV to zero.
  • waveform G is one input into the alarm gate. NAND gate 15, and since waveform G is at MV provided that the circuit is operating normally without malfunction. the signal F at output 16 will normally be the MV alarm signal on all occasions other than when input 14 is at MV.
  • input 14 is at MV under (1) normal circuit operation, non-intrusion conditions and (2) normal circuit operation under the supervisory self-check regimen due to the application of waveform A to junction 18.
  • the output of detector operated circuit 12 at junction 13 should fail to drop from MV to zero for any reason such as, for example, the failure of detector 20, the failure of LED 52, etc. an MV alarm signal would be produced at 16 due to the following.
  • pulse 65 is of shorter interval than intruder alarm pulse 45 and occurs on a cyclical basis, a malfunction of the circuit which causes a failure of output 13 of detector operated circuit 12 to drop to zero during the supervisory self-check sequence would be readily distinguishable from the usual intruder alarm. This self-check fault alarm would reoccur with each cycle ofclock means 22 until the malfunction was corrected.
  • NOR gate and OR gate 71 preserves the ability of the circuit to provide an alarm in the event of an actual intrusion regardless of a malfunction of that type.
  • NOR gate 70 provides an essentially redundant path for actual intrusion signals around alarm gate 15.
  • the MV alarm signal at output 74 of NOR gate 70 would only occur upon the simultaneous occasion of zero inputs at 72 and 73.
  • the E waveform. which is applied to input 72 would be zero in response to the activation of detector by either an actual or simulated intrusion.
  • the RC time constant ofthe capacitor 76-resistor 80 combination is selected to provide pulse 81 of waveform A" at a sufficiently high voltage for a length of time which will prevent the NOR gate 70 from chang ing state during the supervisory self-check sequence, i.e., during the period of pulse 53 of waveform E.
  • OR gate 71 will provide an MV alarm signal at output 84 upon receipt of an MV signal at either (or both) inputs 85 and 86, two simultaneous malfunctions, one in the main intrusion signal channel and one in the supervision circuit, would be necessary to render the circuit unresponsive to an actual intrusion without warning. It will be appreciated that the malfunction of clock 22 could readily be periodically monitored through, as an example, producing and periodically reviewing a recording of the clock output. Moreover,
  • Clock operated means for periodically providing (l) a first signal for simulating an intrusion, (2) a second signal for overriding said signal of said sec ond state from said detector operated means, and (3) a third signal
  • First gate means operatively connected for receiving the output signal of said detector operated means and said third signal from said clock means for providing an output of a first of two states in response to either a normal condition, an intrusion. or a simulated intrusion and an output of the second of two states in response to a malfunction, and
  • a second gate means operatively connected for receiving the outputs of said first gate, said detector operated means and said override signal for providing an output of a first of two states in response to either a normal condition or a simulated intrusion condition with normal circuit response thereto and of the second state in response to an actual intrusion or a simulated intrusion coupled with a malfunction.
  • the intrusion alarm system of claim 1 including means for providing a redundant path for the output of said detector operated means.
  • said means for providing a redundant path includes a third gate means operatively connected for receiving the output signal of said detector operated means and a signal in response to said second signal of said clock means for producing an output of a first state in response to an actual intrusion.
  • the intrusion alarm system of claim I wherein the detector of said detector operated means is of a passive type responsive to infrared radiation and said first signal of said clock operated means activates a source of infrared radiation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
US533741A 1974-12-17 1974-12-17 Intrusion detector self-test system Expired - Lifetime US3928849A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US533741A US3928849A (en) 1974-12-17 1974-12-17 Intrusion detector self-test system
GB4370175A GB1466518A (en) 1974-12-17 1975-10-24 Intrusion detector self-test system
JP50150099A JPS5185698A (en) 1974-12-17 1975-12-16 Shinnyukenshutsu oyobi keihosochi
FR7538520A FR2295505A1 (fr) 1974-12-17 1975-12-16 Detecteur d'intrusion a supervision automatique
DE19752556864 DE2556864A1 (de) 1974-12-17 1975-12-17 Selbsttaetige ueberwachungsvorrichtung

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US533741A US3928849A (en) 1974-12-17 1974-12-17 Intrusion detector self-test system

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JP (1) JPS5185698A (fr)
DE (1) DE2556864A1 (fr)
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GB (1) GB1466518A (fr)

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4063085A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-12-13 Cometa S. A. Method of and apparatus for electronic scanning
US4179691A (en) * 1976-11-15 1979-12-18 Cerberus Ag Infrared intrusion detector circuit
FR2432189A1 (fr) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-22 Faget Jean Dispositif d'alarme electronique
US4266219A (en) * 1978-09-18 1981-05-05 Baker Industries, Inc. Supervisory control system for a smoke detector
US4275303A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-06-23 Arrowhead Enterprises, Inc. Passive infrared intrusion detection system
FR2485774A1 (fr) * 1980-06-26 1981-12-31 Cuggia Christiane Detecteur de position d'un organe mobile notamment a des fins de protection
US4310836A (en) * 1978-08-25 1982-01-12 Datalogic S.P.A. Photoelectric barrier, particularly useful as an accident-preventing device in machine tools
US4342987A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-08-03 Rossin Corporation Intruder detection system
US4364030A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-12-14 Rossin John A Intruder detection system
FR2520123A1 (fr) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-22 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'autotest pour equiper un systeme optronique
FR2539534A1 (fr) * 1983-01-17 1984-07-20 Alsthom Cgee Agencement de test pour detecteur de bris de glace
US4468658A (en) * 1979-09-10 1984-08-28 Rossin John A Simplified intruder detection module
US4468657A (en) * 1979-09-10 1984-08-28 Rossin John A Simplified intruder detector
US4523184A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-06-11 Sentrol, Inc. Supervised wireless security system
US4542489A (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-09-17 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Object detecting system of reflection type
US4595914A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-06-17 Pittway Corporation Self-testing combustion products detector
EP0220877A1 (fr) * 1985-10-23 1987-05-06 Electro Corporation Système détecteur autocontrolé
US4725818A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-02-16 Simplex Time Recorder Co. Walk through test system
WO1988005580A1 (fr) * 1987-01-20 1988-07-28 Wakefield Health Authority Systeme d'alarme a usage personnel
USRE32828E (en) * 1979-11-13 1989-01-10 Cerberus A.G. Passive infrared intrusion detection system
FR2619467A1 (fr) * 1987-08-14 1989-02-17 Biyong Boniface Dispositif de declenchement et de controle a distance d'un moyen electrique, electronique ou autre tel que centrale d'alarme pour la surveillance a distance de tout volume de protection et installations ainsi equipees
US5077467A (en) * 1990-09-12 1991-12-31 Triad Controls, Inc. Photoelectric switch and relay system with disabling fail-safe monitoring circuitry
EP0463339A2 (fr) * 1990-06-25 1992-01-02 MARINITSCH, Waldemar Dispositif de test à sécurité intégré pour un équipement détecteur infrarouge
US5093656A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-03 Dipoala William S Active supervision of motion-detection systems
EP0507025A2 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Guardall Limited Arrangements et procédés pour la détection d'intrusion
US5382944A (en) * 1992-08-05 1995-01-17 Detection Systems, Inc. Supervised PIR motion-detection system
EP0656505A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-07 Jay Electronique Installation de sécurité pour la détection d'une présence humaine dans des zones dangereuses
US5640142A (en) * 1995-02-01 1997-06-17 Pittway Corporation Alarm system testing circuit
US5708414A (en) * 1993-08-19 1998-01-13 Sentrol, Inc. Sensitivity fault indication technique implemented in smoke detector system with self-diagnostic capabilities
US5898368A (en) * 1997-03-25 1999-04-27 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Test indicator control circuit for security alarm device
US5943712A (en) * 1989-10-10 1999-08-31 International Sanitary Ware Manufacturing Cy, S.A. Method for controlling the operation of a water valve
US5963850A (en) * 1996-12-06 1999-10-05 Pittway Corp. Method and apparatus for verifying the operability of a balanced diode mixer and local oscillator combination
US6396405B1 (en) 1993-08-19 2002-05-28 General Electric Corporation Automatic verification of smoke detector operation within calibration limits
US20150058994A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2015-02-26 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York System and methods for adaptive model generation for detecting intrusion in computer systems
CN106023551A (zh) * 2016-07-27 2016-10-12 沈阳奥森自动化装备有限公司 一种模拟火焰光源独立时钟报警自检电路

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5784088U (fr) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-24
IT1169168B (it) * 1983-02-15 1987-05-27 Gd Spa Sistema di controllo funzionale per trasduttori di ingresso di una unita' centrale di controllo e comando per macchine e/o dispositivi utilizzabili in linee di produzione e/o confezionamento di prodotti
JPH0827870B2 (ja) * 1986-06-12 1996-03-21 綜合警備保障株式会社 赤外線式侵入者検知器
JPS6318498A (ja) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-26 綜合警備保障株式会社 赤外線式侵入者検知器
FR2647538A1 (fr) * 1989-05-29 1990-11-30 Robert Cappa Dispositif de surveillance d'une installation frigorifique
US5029477A (en) * 1990-01-31 1991-07-09 Servo Corporation Of America Integrity test for acoustic bearing defect detector
US5164703A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-17 C & K Systems, Inc. Audio intrusion detection system
WO1993018492A1 (fr) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-16 The Commonwealth Of Australia Capteur infrarouge anti-intrusion

Citations (3)

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US3553664A (en) * 1968-07-15 1971-01-05 Monsanto Co Monitoring apparatus
US3641549A (en) * 1970-06-25 1972-02-08 Sanders Associates Inc Electro-optical perimeter intrusion alarm
US3717864A (en) * 1971-11-02 1973-02-20 Teledyne Ind Periodic event detector system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3553664A (en) * 1968-07-15 1971-01-05 Monsanto Co Monitoring apparatus
US3641549A (en) * 1970-06-25 1972-02-08 Sanders Associates Inc Electro-optical perimeter intrusion alarm
US3717864A (en) * 1971-11-02 1973-02-20 Teledyne Ind Periodic event detector system

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4063085A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-12-13 Cometa S. A. Method of and apparatus for electronic scanning
US4179691A (en) * 1976-11-15 1979-12-18 Cerberus Ag Infrared intrusion detector circuit
FR2432189A1 (fr) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-22 Faget Jean Dispositif d'alarme electronique
US4310836A (en) * 1978-08-25 1982-01-12 Datalogic S.P.A. Photoelectric barrier, particularly useful as an accident-preventing device in machine tools
US4266219A (en) * 1978-09-18 1981-05-05 Baker Industries, Inc. Supervisory control system for a smoke detector
US4468657A (en) * 1979-09-10 1984-08-28 Rossin John A Simplified intruder detector
US4342987A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-08-03 Rossin Corporation Intruder detection system
US4364030A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-12-14 Rossin John A Intruder detection system
US4468658A (en) * 1979-09-10 1984-08-28 Rossin John A Simplified intruder detection module
USRE32828E (en) * 1979-11-13 1989-01-10 Cerberus A.G. Passive infrared intrusion detection system
US4275303A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-06-23 Arrowhead Enterprises, Inc. Passive infrared intrusion detection system
FR2485774A1 (fr) * 1980-06-26 1981-12-31 Cuggia Christiane Detecteur de position d'un organe mobile notamment a des fins de protection
FR2520123A1 (fr) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-22 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'autotest pour equiper un systeme optronique
US4542489A (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-09-17 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Object detecting system of reflection type
US4523184A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-06-11 Sentrol, Inc. Supervised wireless security system
FR2539534A1 (fr) * 1983-01-17 1984-07-20 Alsthom Cgee Agencement de test pour detecteur de bris de glace
US4595914A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-06-17 Pittway Corporation Self-testing combustion products detector
US4725818A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-02-16 Simplex Time Recorder Co. Walk through test system
EP0220877A1 (fr) * 1985-10-23 1987-05-06 Electro Corporation Système détecteur autocontrolé
WO1988005580A1 (fr) * 1987-01-20 1988-07-28 Wakefield Health Authority Systeme d'alarme a usage personnel
US5003294A (en) * 1987-01-20 1991-03-26 Wakefield Health Authority Remote infra-red personal alarm system
FR2619467A1 (fr) * 1987-08-14 1989-02-17 Biyong Boniface Dispositif de declenchement et de controle a distance d'un moyen electrique, electronique ou autre tel que centrale d'alarme pour la surveillance a distance de tout volume de protection et installations ainsi equipees
US5943712A (en) * 1989-10-10 1999-08-31 International Sanitary Ware Manufacturing Cy, S.A. Method for controlling the operation of a water valve
US5093656A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-03 Dipoala William S Active supervision of motion-detection systems
EP0463339A3 (en) * 1990-06-25 1993-11-03 Waldemar Marinitsch Device for fail-safe testing of an infrared detector unit
EP0463339A2 (fr) * 1990-06-25 1992-01-02 MARINITSCH, Waldemar Dispositif de test à sécurité intégré pour un équipement détecteur infrarouge
DE4020175A1 (de) * 1990-06-25 1992-01-09 Waldemar Marinitsch Vorrichtung zur failsafepruefung einer infrarotsensoranordnung
US5077467A (en) * 1990-09-12 1991-12-31 Triad Controls, Inc. Photoelectric switch and relay system with disabling fail-safe monitoring circuitry
EP0507025A2 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Guardall Limited Arrangements et procédés pour la détection d'intrusion
EP0507025A3 (en) * 1991-04-04 1993-02-24 Racal-Guardall (Scotland) Limited Intruder detection arrangements and methods
US5382944A (en) * 1992-08-05 1995-01-17 Detection Systems, Inc. Supervised PIR motion-detection system
US5708414A (en) * 1993-08-19 1998-01-13 Sentrol, Inc. Sensitivity fault indication technique implemented in smoke detector system with self-diagnostic capabilities
US5821866A (en) * 1993-08-19 1998-10-13 Slc Technologies, Inc. Self-diagnosing smoke detector assembly
US6396405B1 (en) 1993-08-19 2002-05-28 General Electric Corporation Automatic verification of smoke detector operation within calibration limits
US5936533A (en) * 1993-08-19 1999-08-10 Slc Technologies, Inc. Method of automatic verification of smoke detector operation within calibration limits
EP0656505A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-07 Jay Electronique Installation de sécurité pour la détection d'une présence humaine dans des zones dangereuses
FR2713373A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-09 Jay Electronique Sa Installation de sécurité pour la détection d'une présence humaine dans des zones dangereuses.
US5640142A (en) * 1995-02-01 1997-06-17 Pittway Corporation Alarm system testing circuit
US5963850A (en) * 1996-12-06 1999-10-05 Pittway Corp. Method and apparatus for verifying the operability of a balanced diode mixer and local oscillator combination
US5898368A (en) * 1997-03-25 1999-04-27 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Test indicator control circuit for security alarm device
US20150058994A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2015-02-26 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York System and methods for adaptive model generation for detecting intrusion in computer systems
US9497203B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2016-11-15 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York System and methods for adaptive model generation for detecting intrusion in computer systems
US20170034187A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2017-02-02 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York System and methods for adaptive model generation for detecting intrusion in computer systems
CN106023551A (zh) * 2016-07-27 2016-10-12 沈阳奥森自动化装备有限公司 一种模拟火焰光源独立时钟报警自检电路
CN106023551B (zh) * 2016-07-27 2017-07-07 沈阳奥森自动化装备有限公司 一种模拟火焰光源独立时钟报警自检电路

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Publication number Publication date
GB1466518A (en) 1977-03-09
DE2556864A1 (de) 1976-06-24
FR2295505A1 (fr) 1976-07-16
JPS5185698A (en) 1976-07-27

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