US3927410A - Ink jet nozzle - Google Patents

Ink jet nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3927410A
US3927410A US465632A US46563274A US3927410A US 3927410 A US3927410 A US 3927410A US 465632 A US465632 A US 465632A US 46563274 A US46563274 A US 46563274A US 3927410 A US3927410 A US 3927410A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reaction mass
nozzle
plate
piezoelectric crystal
ink
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US465632A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter T Pimbley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IBM Information Products Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US465632A priority Critical patent/US3927410A/en
Priority to IT20108/75A priority patent/IT1031598B/it
Priority to CH263175A priority patent/CH575832A5/xx
Priority to AT162775A priority patent/AT341796B/de
Priority to DE19752509131 priority patent/DE2509131A1/de
Priority to CA221,752A priority patent/CA1014219A/en
Priority to FR7508638A priority patent/FR2269421B1/fr
Priority to IL46861A priority patent/IL46861A/en
Priority to GB1159075A priority patent/GB1469903A/en
Priority to BE154690A priority patent/BE827102A/xx
Priority to AU79558/75A priority patent/AU491245B2/en
Priority to JP3705075A priority patent/JPS5735114B2/ja
Priority to SE7503939A priority patent/SE403734B/xx
Priority to NL7504556A priority patent/NL7504556A/xx
Priority to SU752127949A priority patent/SU644402A3/ru
Priority to FI751254A priority patent/FI751254A/fi
Priority to NO751488A priority patent/NO142972C/no
Priority to DD185735A priority patent/DD119893A5/xx
Priority to ES437102A priority patent/ES437102A1/es
Priority to DK186975A priority patent/DK186975A/da
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3927410A publication Critical patent/US3927410A/en
Assigned to IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD AVENUE, GREENWICH, CT 06830 A CORP OF DE reassignment IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD AVENUE, GREENWICH, CT 06830 A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Assigned to MORGAN BANK reassignment MORGAN BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
    • B41J2/025—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14362—Assembling elements of heads

Definitions

  • An ink jet nozzle comprises a unitary construction of a nozzle plate having a jewel orifice on one face with a passage through the plate at right angles thereto for supplying ink to the nozzle under pressure, a reaction mass and a piezoelectric ceramic connecting the nozzle plate and the reaction mass.
  • the assembly is secured to a support by a silicone rubber isolation damperwhich permits the nozzle plate, piezoelectric ceramic, and the reaction mass to vibrate as a unit at a selected frequency to effect uniform break off of ink drops from the ink stream issuing from the nozzle.
  • an object of the invention to provide an ink jet nozzle which is most efficient and effective within a predetermined frequency range.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a sandwich type nozzle structure wherein a piezoelectric ceramic for producing perturbations in an ink stream is secured between a nozzle plate and a reaction mass to vibrate as a unit at a selected frequency.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide for securing a nozzle plate, piezoelectric ceramic, and a reaction mass together by cementing them together with a predetermined wire spacer in the cement between the parts to insure consistently accurate relative positioning of the elements.
  • Yet another important object of the invention is to provide for securing a unitary structure of a reaction mass, a piezoelectric ceramic, and a nozzle plate, to support means by means of a silicone rubber composition which provides a damped connection, permitting the unitary structure to float and vibrate as a unit, independently of the mass of the support means.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide for determining the relative proportions of a multielement nozzle structure for operation in a predetermined frequency range.
  • a still further important object of the invention is to provide an integrated ink jet nozzle structure wherein the perturbance velocity amplitude is proportional to the current of the exciting signal.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an ink jet nozzle structure embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the nozzle plate and ceramic of FIG. 1. 1
  • FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the nozzle plate piezo electric ceramic and reaction mass.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the assembly in FIG. 3 showing how the elements are cemented together.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic showing of the equivalent electric circuit of the assembly shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a curve showing the relationship between the admittance and the frequency of oscillation for the nozzle structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a curve showing the relationship between the phase and frequency for the equivalent circuit and the actual nozzle structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a curve showing the relationship between break off time versus voltage at 60 KHz.
  • FIG. 9 is a curve showing the relationship between break off time andvoltage at lOO'KHz.
  • FIG. 10 is a curve showing the reciprocal of the break off time versus the wave length for 60 KHz.
  • FIG. 11 is a curve showing the reciprocal of the break off time versus wave length for KHz.
  • FIG. 12 is a curve showing the relationship between the velocity perturbation per volt versus the frequency.
  • FIG. 13 is a curve showing the relationship between the velocity perturbation per volt versus the admittance.
  • the reference numeral 10 denotes generally an ink jet nozzle structure comprising a rectangular nozzle plate 12 cemented to a piezoelectric ceramic 14, which is in turn cemented to a reaction mass 16.
  • the nozzle plate 12 comprises a generally rectangular plate of stainless steel having a passage 18 entering from one side by means of a nipple 20 to which a flexible hose may be fastened for supplying ink to the passage 18 under pressure. Pressures in the range of 30 to 60 pounds may be used.
  • the plate is provided with an opening 22 at the center connecting with the passage 18, and over which a jewel nozzle 24 may be secured in any suitable manner such as by cementing, the nozzle having a central orifice 26 which is perpendicular to the passage 18 and through which a stream of ink may be projected under pressure.
  • the passage 18 may have a diameter on the order of 0.030 inches by way of example.
  • the nozzel plate 12 is secured to one face of a piezoelectric ceramic 14, the other face of which is secured to a reaction mass 16 'which may comprise a generally rectangular block of stainless steel for example.
  • the reaction mass is secured to a generally U-shaped support 30 having a central bight portion 32 with upstanding spaced apart legs 34, and 36 having projecting tabs 38 and 40 at the ends to which flat springs 42 and 44 may be connected by means of screws 46 and 48 for fastening the assembly to lugs 50 and 52 on the frame of the printer and permitting movement for aiming.
  • An arm 54 projecting from the central portion of the bight 32 may be used with suitable adjusting means (not shown) for aiming the nozzle 24 and directing the ink stream.
  • the nozzle plate 12 and the reaction mass 16 may be cemented to the piezoelectric ceramic 14 by means of layers of cement l and 16 comprising for example an epoxy cement.
  • layers of cement 15 and 16 comprising for example an epoxy cement.
  • Molybdenum wire spacers 0.003 inches in diameter identified by the numeral 19 may be imbedded in the epoxy. The sandwiched structure is then cured while being held in a springloaded jig, the wires 19 maintaining perfect spacing between the elements.
  • the reaction mass 16 is secured to the support by means of silicone rubber 56 having a durometer value of 65 for example, on the Shaw scale, and which is bonded to the bight and to the two legs of the support 30, as well as to the reaction mass 16.
  • the thickness of the rubber 56 is not critical and any value from a few mils to about A inch may be used. This permits the assembly of the nozzle plate 12 ceramic l4 and reaction mass 16 to float and vibrate independently of the mass of the support 30.
  • Connectors 58 and 60 may be connected to the reaction mass 16 and the nozzle plate 16 for applying a voltage therebetween to effect vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic thus causing the nozzle plate and the nozzle to vibrate longitudinally relative to the ink stream thus imposing the velocity perturbation thereon.
  • the frequency of response of an ink jet head can be obtained approximately by considering the response of three semi-infinite slabs adjacent to one another such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Media I and III represent the nozzle plate 12 and the reaction mass 16, respectively and
  • Medium II represents the piezoelectric ceramic l4.
  • Thickness mode vibrations of the ceramic slab 14 cause longitudinal standing waves to be set up in all three media in the x directions shown.
  • H and H are the acoustic impedance mismatches between media I and II and II and III respectively. They are given by:
  • a A and A are the areas of the three media.
  • the parameters that match the head shown in FIG. 4 are the parameters that match the head shown in FIG. 4
  • v is the amplitude of the perturbation imposed on the stream by the ink jet head.
  • the break-up properties of the stream are dependent on all of the other parameters of the analysis as well. The analysis is used, therefore, to relate the observed properties of stream break-up to v thus eliminating the influence of the other parameters.
  • I is the break off time
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show the break-off time as a function of the logarithm of the voltage amplitude of the impressed signal at constant frequency and wave length. From the straight line relationship, one can say:
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show two of the sets of data taken. The points represent the experimental data, while the solid line is the theoretical curve from equations 13 and 15. The initial perturbation amplitude, v is chosen so as to provide the best fit.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the perturbing velocity amplitude per volt of exciting signal as a function of the frequency.
  • the solid line is just a smooth curve drawn through the points.
  • FIG. 13 shows the same dependent variable plotted against the admittance of the ink jet head, with a straight line being drawn through the data. The slope of the straight line on this log-log plot is one, showing a direct proportionality between the current through the head and the resulting perturbation.
  • the perturbing velocity amplitude is proportional to the exciting signal is most important. This proportionality depends on the relatively short length of the liquid cavity parallel to the axis of the head. Others have shown that when the cavity is one quarter wave length long when acting as an open ended tube, or a half wave length when acting as a closed tube, (wave length measured in liquid) a resonance that enhances drop break off occurs. Such a resonance would probably not manifest itself as an admittance change back at the piezoelectric ceramic.
  • a commercial, one compound epoxy is used to bond the piezoelectric sandwich.
  • the curing cycle for the epoxy is heating at 250F for 2 hours. While the epoxy is warming up it passes through a stage where it flows quite freely. Since the epoxy layer should be from 7 0.001 to 0.005 inches thick for the best result the Molybdenum wire spacers 19, 0.003 inches in diameter, are imbedded in the epoxy to insure uniform thickness since the sandwiches are cured while being held in spring-loaded jigs.
  • An ink jet head structure has been disclosed that uses a piezoelectric sandwich concept with the nozzle in the front plate.
  • the vibration of the front nozzle plate and the nozzle longitudinally with the stream causes the stream break-up action.
  • the head is relatively fiat and can be used separately or can be packaged in densities of up to six heads per inch. Enough room exists between heads to permit individual aiming of the heads.
  • the resonant point may be shifted by an appropriate choice of longitudinal dimensions.
  • An equation has been presented, equation 6, so that required dimensions may be calculated.
  • the perturbing velocity amplitude has been shown to be directly proportional to the current amplitude of the exciting signal. Therefore, with the use of a constant current source, a network in series with the head to provide constant current or a feedback loop to control current, the response of the head can be made level.
  • a substantially flat ink jet nozzle structure disposed for connection to a source of ink
  • damping means resiliently connecting said reaction mass to said support member
  • transducer means operating in a thickness mode connecting said nozzle structure to said reaction mass for producing resonant periodic bodily vibration of said nozzle and reaction mass independently of said support member to produce periodic drops of ink from said nozzle.
  • ink jet nozzle structure comprising a plate having a nozzle opening on one surface and an opening through said plate at right angles to said nozzle opening for supplying ink thereto under pressure.
  • transducer means comprising a piezoelectric crystal plate sandwiched between said nozzle plate and one surface of said reaction mass.
  • the invention as defined in claim 3 characterized by said nozzle plate, piezoelectric crystal, and reaction mass being cemented to each other in a sandwich arrangement by layers of epoxy resin with wire spacers included in said layers to maintain a predetermined uniform thickness of said layersv 5.
  • said damping means comprising a body of silicone rubber secured to said support member and to and partially surrounding said reaction mass on two opposite sides and the intervening surface away from the surface secured to said piezoelectric crystal.

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US465632A 1974-04-30 1974-04-30 Ink jet nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3927410A (en)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US465632A US3927410A (en) 1974-04-30 1974-04-30 Ink jet nozzle
IT20108/75A IT1031598B (it) 1974-04-30 1975-02-11 Ugello perfezionato per stampatrici a setto d inchiostro
CH263175A CH575832A5 (e) 1974-04-30 1975-03-03
AT162775A AT341796B (de) 1974-04-30 1975-03-03 Druckkopf fur tintenstrahl-drucker
DE19752509131 DE2509131A1 (de) 1974-04-30 1975-03-03 Druckkopf fuer tintenstrahl-drucker
CA221,752A CA1014219A (en) 1974-04-30 1975-03-10 Ink jet nozzle with vibration damped reaction mass
FR7508638A FR2269421B1 (e) 1974-04-30 1975-03-12
IL46861A IL46861A (en) 1974-04-30 1975-03-18 Ink jet print head
GB1159075A GB1469903A (en) 1974-04-30 1975-03-20 Ink jet printers
BE154690A BE827102A (fr) 1974-04-30 1975-03-24 Dispositif de formation de jet d'encre notamment pour imprimante a jet d'encre
AU79558/75A AU491245B2 (en) 1974-04-30 1975-03-26 Inkjet printers
JP3705075A JPS5735114B2 (e) 1974-04-30 1975-03-28
SE7503939A SE403734B (sv) 1974-04-30 1975-04-07 Fergstraletryckanordning
NL7504556A NL7504556A (nl) 1974-04-30 1975-04-17 Inktstraaldrukker.
SU752127949A SU644402A3 (ru) 1974-04-30 1975-04-23 Печатающа головка
NO751488A NO142972C (no) 1974-04-30 1975-04-25 Farvestraaletrykkeanordning.
FI751254A FI751254A (e) 1974-04-30 1975-04-25
DD185735A DD119893A5 (e) 1974-04-30 1975-04-28
ES437102A ES437102A1 (es) 1974-04-30 1975-04-28 Un dispositivo de cabeza de impresion por chorro de tinta.
DK186975A DK186975A (da) 1974-04-30 1975-04-29 Svertestraleapparat

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US465632A US3927410A (en) 1974-04-30 1974-04-30 Ink jet nozzle

Publications (1)

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US3927410A true US3927410A (en) 1975-12-16

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US465632A Expired - Lifetime US3927410A (en) 1974-04-30 1974-04-30 Ink jet nozzle

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US3927410A (e)
JP (1) JPS5735114B2 (e)
AT (1) AT341796B (e)
BE (1) BE827102A (e)
CA (1) CA1014219A (e)
CH (1) CH575832A5 (e)
DD (1) DD119893A5 (e)
DE (1) DE2509131A1 (e)
DK (1) DK186975A (e)
ES (1) ES437102A1 (e)
FI (1) FI751254A (e)
FR (1) FR2269421B1 (e)
GB (1) GB1469903A (e)
IL (1) IL46861A (e)
IT (1) IT1031598B (e)
NL (1) NL7504556A (e)
NO (1) NO142972C (e)
SE (1) SE403734B (e)
SU (1) SU644402A3 (e)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4188635A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-02-12 International Business Machines Corporation Ink jet printing head
US4198643A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-04-15 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
FR2448979A1 (fr) * 1979-02-16 1980-09-12 Havas Machines Dispositif destine a deposer sur un support des gouttes d'encre
US4243995A (en) * 1979-06-01 1981-01-06 Xerox Corporation Encapsulated piezoelectric pressure pulse drop ejector apparatus
US4303927A (en) * 1977-03-23 1981-12-01 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for exciting an array of ink jet nozzles and method of forming
USRE31358E (en) * 1978-12-18 1983-08-23 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
US4683477A (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Ink jet print head
US4788557A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-11-29 Dataproducts Corporation Ink jet method and apparatus for reducing cross talk
US5214341A (en) * 1991-05-23 1993-05-25 Fujitsu Limited Piezoelectric acutator device with vibration absorbing means
EP0569253A2 (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-11-10 Fujitsu Limited Printing head
US5495315A (en) * 1991-03-27 1996-02-27 Xerox Corporation Level sensing apparatus
US5901425A (en) * 1996-08-27 1999-05-11 Topaz Technologies Inc. Inkjet print head apparatus
FR3088242A1 (fr) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-15 Dover Europe Sarl Procede et dispositif de formation de gouttes a l'aide d'une cavite a facteur de qualite degrade

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019886A (en) * 1975-12-12 1977-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method of manufacture of multiple glass nozzle arrays
JPS57144766A (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-09-07 Seiko Epson Corp Liquid ink injector

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512743A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-06-27 Rca Corp Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves
US3733590A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-05-15 A Kaufman Optimum electrode configuration ceramic memories with ceramic motor element and mechanical damping
US3823408A (en) * 1972-11-29 1974-07-09 Ibm High performance ink jet nozzle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512743A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-06-27 Rca Corp Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves
US3733590A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-05-15 A Kaufman Optimum electrode configuration ceramic memories with ceramic motor element and mechanical damping
US3823408A (en) * 1972-11-29 1974-07-09 Ibm High performance ink jet nozzle

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303927A (en) * 1977-03-23 1981-12-01 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for exciting an array of ink jet nozzles and method of forming
US4188635A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-02-12 International Business Machines Corporation Ink jet printing head
US4198643A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-04-15 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
FR2444566A1 (fr) * 1978-12-18 1980-07-18 Mead Corp Dispositif generateur de jets d'encre
USRE31358E (en) * 1978-12-18 1983-08-23 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
FR2448979A1 (fr) * 1979-02-16 1980-09-12 Havas Machines Dispositif destine a deposer sur un support des gouttes d'encre
US4312009A (en) * 1979-02-16 1982-01-19 Smh-Adrex Device for projecting ink droplets onto a medium
US4243995A (en) * 1979-06-01 1981-01-06 Xerox Corporation Encapsulated piezoelectric pressure pulse drop ejector apparatus
US4683477A (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Ink jet print head
US4788557A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-11-29 Dataproducts Corporation Ink jet method and apparatus for reducing cross talk
US5495315A (en) * 1991-03-27 1996-02-27 Xerox Corporation Level sensing apparatus
US5214341A (en) * 1991-05-23 1993-05-25 Fujitsu Limited Piezoelectric acutator device with vibration absorbing means
EP0569253A2 (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-11-10 Fujitsu Limited Printing head
EP0569253A3 (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-08-24 Fujitsu Ltd Printing head
US5447381A (en) * 1992-05-08 1995-09-05 Fujitsu Limited Piezoelectric printing head
US5901425A (en) * 1996-08-27 1999-05-11 Topaz Technologies Inc. Inkjet print head apparatus
FR3088242A1 (fr) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-15 Dover Europe Sarl Procede et dispositif de formation de gouttes a l'aide d'une cavite a facteur de qualite degrade
WO2020099586A1 (en) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-22 Dover Europe Sàrl Drop formation method and device using a cavity with a degraded quality factor
US11766858B2 (en) 2018-11-14 2023-09-26 Dover Europe Sàrl Drop formation method and device using a cavity with a degraded quality factor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS50142120A (e) 1975-11-15
SE7503939L (sv) 1975-10-31
NO142972C (no) 1980-11-19
AU7955875A (en) 1976-09-30
DE2509131A1 (de) 1975-11-13
FI751254A (e) 1975-10-31
GB1469903A (en) 1977-04-06
IL46861A (en) 1977-03-31
AT341796B (de) 1978-02-27
FR2269421A1 (e) 1975-11-28
NO142972B (no) 1980-08-11
DD119893A5 (e) 1976-05-12
CH575832A5 (e) 1976-05-31
IT1031598B (it) 1979-05-10
SE403734B (sv) 1978-09-04
ATA162775A (de) 1977-06-15
FR2269421B1 (e) 1977-04-15
CA1014219A (en) 1977-07-19
NL7504556A (nl) 1975-11-03
DK186975A (da) 1975-10-31
SU644402A3 (ru) 1979-01-25
IL46861A0 (en) 1975-05-22
JPS5735114B2 (e) 1982-07-27
NO751488L (e) 1975-10-31
BE827102A (fr) 1975-07-16
ES437102A1 (es) 1977-01-16

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Owner name: IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005678/0098

Effective date: 19910326

Owner name: MORGAN BANK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005678/0062

Effective date: 19910327