US3921425A - Process and apparatus for producing metal sheets of better flatness - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing metal sheets of better flatness Download PDF

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Publication number
US3921425A
US3921425A US479032A US47903274A US3921425A US 3921425 A US3921425 A US 3921425A US 479032 A US479032 A US 479032A US 47903274 A US47903274 A US 47903274A US 3921425 A US3921425 A US 3921425A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strip
pressure
mill
roll
pots
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US479032A
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English (en)
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Tadeusz Sendzimir
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Priority to US479032A priority Critical patent/US3921425A/en
Priority to CA228,268A priority patent/CA1031193A/en
Priority to JP7282475A priority patent/JPS5633168B2/ja
Priority to GB2542575A priority patent/GB1452051A/en
Priority to FR7518498A priority patent/FR2274368A1/fr
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Publication of US3921425A publication Critical patent/US3921425A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/28—Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B11/00—Subsidising the rolling process by subjecting rollers or work to vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B33/00—Safety devices not otherwise provided for; Breaker blocks; Devices for freeing jammed rolls for handling cobbles; Overload safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/14—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rolls
    • B21B13/147—Cluster mills, e.g. Sendzimir mills, Rohn mills, i.e. each work roll being supported by two rolls only arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane passing through the working rolls

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process of cold rolling sheets in strip form under tension, preferably on a beam backed cluster mill while automatically controlling roll pressure distribution across the strip, so that strip tension is uniform all the way across the strip. Static air pressure is applied against the strip to deflect away from the pass line. Any unevenness in strip tension results in an uneven deflection, which in turn produces variations in the rate of flow of air escaping through clearances in the deflecting instrumentalities which affects their internal air pressure. Those differences are employed directly to operate the roll pressure distribution in the mill. On and off" timing of the control mechanism avoids complex instrumentation and provides maintenance-free operation.
  • the apparatus When tension at any spot transversely of the strip drops to zero thus heralding the formation of a cobble, the apparatus actuates a wedge which stops the strip instantly, leaving no material from which to form a cobble.
  • Pulsating air pressure which is inherently associated with the use of volumetric blowers is further utilized to produce high frequency rythmic variations in strip tension, preferably opposed in phase as to the strip segments ahead and behind the work rolls. This reduces the roll separating force and permits substantially heavier reductions per pass.
  • Typical flatness defects such as edge waves and pockets result from too great a roll pressure applied in certain areas, and flatness can be corrected by suitably adjusting the corresponding roll supports. Since a tension strip appears flat to the eye during rolling, apparatus has been provided in the past to measure the distribution of tension across the strip during rolling. usuallyby exerting a deflecting force against the strip and placing proximity meters at various points across the strip to measure the deflection. A high deflection indicates low tension.
  • Such proximity meters of sufficient accuracy and small time lag are usually complex electronic devices; and an attempt to use the indications of such meters automatically to operate the controls of effective height of the spaced roll supports, leads to apparatus of great complexity and greatly increases the maintenance difficulties under mill conditions.
  • the present invention also involves the use of uniform pressure applied normally to the strip surface, preferably at points corresponding to the spaced roll supports, but in such a manner that the deflecting instrumentality functions at the same time as a meter of strip tension at that spot and also as an automatic actuator of the effective height of that particular spaced roll support.
  • Another benefit flowing from the present invention provides an improvement in the rolling action of the mill itself as will become clear from the description hereinafter.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of one em bodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation partly in cross section taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 3, showing the invention applied to a simplified mill.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of certain details of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged detailed view ofone ofthe pressure pots and its associated gauge system.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the present invention is shown in connection with a so-called ZO-Hi" mill while in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 it is shown in connection with a so-called 6-Hi mill.
  • the 6-Hi mill has been shown for simplicity and ease of understanding; but the same principles may be applied to the 2 20-Hi or other cluster mill in which case the screwdown mechanism shown in FIG. 3 is applied to the two central ones of the beam backed backing rolls.
  • a strip 1 is shown being cold rolled in a mill 2 with strip tension being applied by the unwinder 3.
  • the strip passes from the unwinder over a deflector roll 4 and thence horizontally into the mill 2.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 showing the 6-Hi" mill.
  • spaced supports 5 are provided for the shaft 9 which carries the backing bearings 8.
  • the supports 5 rest in troughs machined into the housing beam 2 for rigid support.
  • Eccentrics 6 are disposed inside the supports 5 and are free to rotate upon the shaft 9 and are individually rotated by pinions which are integral with the eccentrics and which engage racks 7.
  • the position of the racks 7 is in turn controlled by the worm nut and screw 7 and driven by motors 7" which have worms mounted on their shafts to turn the worm nuts and thereby raise or lower the racks 7. It will be clear that as the racks move up or down they engage the opposed gear seqments of the eccentrics 6 and by rotating the eccentrics 6 adjust the vertical position of the backing bearings 8 and thus the vertical position of the work roll which is supported thereby.
  • the screwdown mechanism has been shown as applied to the lower set of rolls whereas in actual practice.
  • the lower set of rolls are adjustable only for opening the roll bite for threading and the screwdown is generally applied to the upper rolls.
  • the screwdown is generally applied to the upper rolls.
  • it makes no difference whether the screwdown is applied to the upper or lower rolls.
  • Aerostatic pressure is applied against the strip 1 preferably by means of pressure pots 10. These are shown schematically in plan view in FIG. 4 in relation to the positions of the spaced supports 5 of FIG. 2. They are identified in the drawing by I to VII inclusive.
  • the several pressure pots are rigidly mounted on the beam 11 (FIG. 5) which is provided with a wedge mechanism 35 at each end in order to align the row of pots 10 with the mill passline.
  • Each of the pots is provided with a cup lip 10 in threaded engagement with the cup 10 so that the position of the lip may be adjusted accurately in relation to the strip 1.
  • Air is supplied in equal quantities by the individual fixed displacement blowers 13 which are rotated by a common motor 13'. So long as the clearances between the several cup lips 10' and the strip I remain identical, the volume of air escaping through them will be the same and therefore the pressures in the pots 10 which provide for the deflection of the strip 1 will also be the same.
  • each pressure pot there is a mercury column type of pressure gauge 14 which is shown in more detail in FIG. 5.
  • This device serves directly to control the motors 7" and thus automatically to correct any local overor under-rolling so as to produce strips of good flatness.
  • Air pressure from the pot 10 acts upon the mercury column 34 and any pressure fluctuations in the pot 10 will move the mercury to or from the columns 34a and 34" to balance with atmospheric pressure.
  • Adjustable height insulated electrodes l4. l4 and 14a are provided for the respective mercury columns. These are disposed above the mercury level and their contact with the mercury actuates the corresponding motors 7" to raise or lower the respective screws 7 as the case may be.
  • a further advantage results from the high frequency rythmic vibrations in strip tension in that it makes it possible to take heavier pass reductions than when the tension is steady.
  • This effect may be increased by tuning the frequencies and phases of the strip sectors on the up stream and down stream sides of the roll bite respectively so as to be synchronous but reversed in phase. so that the maximum tension ahead of the rolls corresponds to minimum tension behind the rolls.
  • the deflector rolls 4 are mounted on slides and are provided with motorized screws 17 to obtain the optimum length of vibrating strip 1. This may be either a single wave form or a half wave with a node half-way or even shorter. Each wave leaves a slight but distinguishable mark on the surface of the strip and these marks almost disappear if they are small enough. If they have not disappeared. it may be necessary to make a final pass as an iron-out pass taking only the regular reduction and without use of the vibration principle.
  • the vibrations described above have another beneficial effect in that the strip comes out flatter by itself which makes it easier to produce a nearly perfect flatness ofthe strip. Yet another advantage is that a higher front tension in relation to the back tension may be used since the vibrations yield maximum benefits of back tension and therefore the excess of front tension can be used to assist the drive ofthe work rolls and thus take a bigger roll pass without strip slippage. This is important when small diameter work rolls are used.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of an apparatus useful in the pursuit of the present process is shown in FIG. 6. This is particularly useful for slower mills operating at 1000 feet per minute and below which are used chiefly for expensive alloys rolled to light gauges where the operators skill in coping with metallurgical requirements to obtain the desired quality is essential.
  • the strip is subjected to a relatively much lower static pressure but the pressure extends over a very large area.
  • a pressure box 20 is shown extending lengthwise of the strip between seals at the deflector roll 4 and the wiper roll 19 which are very close to the work roll. Laterally.
  • the pressure box 20 extends between two lateral fences adjustable for strip width and providing a small clearance between the upper lip of the fence and the edge of the strip through which air from the pressure box 20 is free to escape.
  • the air is replenished and maintained at the required pressure by outside means such as one or more blowers 21. It may be observed that the pressure in the pots 10 in this embodiment is negative with respect to the box 20, but is still positive with respect to atmosphere.
  • Static pressure as low as a few ounces per square inch is usually sufficient to deflect the strip a considerable amount. If the deflection is only one percent of the length of the pressure chamber. flatness defects such as wavy edges or full centers or other irregularities can be directly and visually detected if the light is played on the strip at the correct angle for the operator. The operator therefore has the advantage in being able to check the effect of the automatic flatness control and if he see fit. to take over manually in particularly stubborn cases.
  • Another important advantage of the process and apparatus herein disclosed is that it makes it possible to protect the mill against one of the costliest accidents which can occur. known as a cobble. If a strip with an undetected side crack enters the roll bite, the portions of the strip on both sides of the crack will, of course. have lost their tension and the tension is then concentrated in the strip where the crack is deepest. That in turn causes the tensionless portion of the strip material entering the roll bite to fold over and form a so-called harmonica which produces crushing pressures against that spot of the work roll and renders it useless in a fraction of a second. Furthermore, since the uncracked portion of the strip continues to be rolled. it drags more of the harmonica into the roll bite and causes further damage which extends to the backing rolls and bearings.
  • an emergency mill stop or screwdown opening device may be provided for instantaneous operation.
  • a 7 special leg 34a in the pressure gauge 14 and it is provided with an electrode 14a which is adjusted to switch the current on when the pressure in any pot drops to or near zero.
  • the current to the electrode 14a is on" continuously and is not periodically interrupted as was the case with the electrodes 14' and 14'. This is because the cobble may occur at any time.
  • a gate is provided through which the strip passes ahead of the rolls and which consists of a frame including a lower beam 24' having a wedge surface and an upper beam 24.
  • a wedge block 23 operated by air cylinders 26 to push the wedge block 23 along the wedge surface of the beam 24' into the above mentioned gate when the cylinders 26 are actuated for example by a solenoid valve energized by the electrode 14a of FIG. 5.
  • the wedge 23 is substantially instantaneously pushed into the gate over the tapered face of the beam 24' along with the strip itself which inciden tally helps to push the beam 23 tighter and stops the progress of the strip by gripping it between the members 23 and 24.
  • the undersurface of the beam 24 and the upper surface of the wedge member 23 may be serrated to enhance the stopping action.
  • the immediate sharp increase of tension resulting from the coaction of the block 23 and 24 causes the strip to break in the rollbite and it is then only necessary to stop the inertia of the two winders and the mill itself. During this operation, some strip may become unwound but damage to the mill is effectively avoided.
  • the method of producing strip of improved flatness while avoiding the danger of scratching the surface by contact with any instrumentality which includes the steps of applying a uniform deflecting pressure to a plu' rality of areas of equal size and shape disposed transversely of the strip, said areas being defined by the projections, on the strip, of the perimeters of a number of pressure pots located close to, and parallel to, said strip, adjustably mounting said pots to maintain a fixed position relative to the strip, by causing equal volumes of air to pass between the boundaries of said areas and the strip surface, thus producing a pressure differential between the inside and outside of said areas; the said pressure differential being uniform for all areas so long as the strip deflections are uniform, but varying when said deflections are not uniform, and adjusting the roll pressure transversely across the strip to restore the uniformity of said deflections when they vary.
  • a beam-backed cluster mill having rotating backing elements between each work roll and said backing beam, spaced across the work roll face. and adjustable supports between each two of said backing elements; a row of non-contacting pressure pots for deflecting the tensioned strip across its full width, means to supply air under pressure to said pots. the rims of said pots being disposed closely adjacent the strip to be rolled, a pressure gauge for each pot, said pressure gauges including electrical switching means for completing an electrical circuit upon a predetermined increase and decrease in pressure at the related pot.
  • said circuit including the related motor means, said switching means comprising two interconnected columns of mercury, and a vertically adjustable electrode for each column, whereby upon the increase in pressure the mercury will rise in one of said columns and make contact with the related electrode, and upon a decrease in pressure the mercury will rise in the other of said columns and make contact with the related electrode.
  • a beam-backed cluster mill having rotating backing elements between each work roll and said backing beam, spaced across the work roll face, and adjustable supports between each two of said backing elements; a row of non-contacting pressure pots for deflecting the tensioned strip across its full width, means to supply air under pressure to said pots, the rims of said pots being disposed closely adjacent the strip to be rolled, the air supply means being a pulsating one, and like deflecting instrumentalities being similarly disposed on the exit side of said mill, there being also a deflector roll on said exit side, said deflector rolls being adjustable toward and away from the work rolls of the mill, whereby the frequency and phase of the portions of the strip on the entrance and exit sides of the mill may be tuned to be synchronous but of opposite phase, to permit the achievement of heavier than normal pass reductions.
  • a beam-backed cluster mill having rotating backing elements between each work roll and said backing beam, spaced across the work roll face, and adjustable supports between each two of said backing elements; a row of non-contacting fluid pressure means for deflecting the tensioned strip across its full width.
  • a roll of non-contacting pressure pots having rims adjustable disposed closely adjacent the strip to be rolled. the pressure in said pots being negative with respect to the pressure in said pressure box but positive with respect to atmosphere, and means to detect pressure fluctuations in said pots due to differences in the escape of air from said pressure box into said pressure pots.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
US479032A 1974-06-13 1974-06-13 Process and apparatus for producing metal sheets of better flatness Expired - Lifetime US3921425A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US479032A US3921425A (en) 1974-06-13 1974-06-13 Process and apparatus for producing metal sheets of better flatness
CA228,268A CA1031193A (en) 1974-06-13 1975-06-02 Process and apparatus for producing sheets of better flatness
JP7282475A JPS5633168B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-13 1975-06-12
GB2542575A GB1452051A (en) 1974-06-13 1975-06-13 Rolling of metal strips
FR7518498A FR2274368A1 (fr) 1974-06-13 1975-06-13 Procede et appareil pour produire des feuilles metalliques de meilleure planeite

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US479032A US3921425A (en) 1974-06-13 1974-06-13 Process and apparatus for producing metal sheets of better flatness

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US3921425A true US3921425A (en) 1975-11-25

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US (1) US3921425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5633168B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1031193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2274368A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1452051A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4022040A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-05-10 T. Sendzimir, Inc. Method of operation and control of crown adjustment system drives on cluster mills
US4262511A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-04-21 Reycan Research Limited Process for automatically controlling the shape of sheet metal produced in a rolling mill
US6185973B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2001-02-13 World Machinery Co., Ltd. Rolling mill for metal foil
CN101468366B (zh) * 2007-12-28 2010-10-13 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种钢料平整度控制方法及装置
CN101966534A (zh) * 2010-09-26 2011-02-09 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种滚轧机床主轴圆周相位变差调整机构
EP1604750B2 (de) † 2004-06-08 2011-12-21 ACHENBACH BUSCHHÜTTEN GmbH Einrichtung zur Messung der Zugspannungsverteilung in bandförmigem Walzgut aus Metall
CN111360077A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-07-03 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 一种防止带钢甩入酸槽的控制方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55100809A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-08-01 Sendzimir Inc T Cluster mill
JPS5853317A (ja) * 1981-09-25 1983-03-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 多段クラスタ圧延機のロ−ルクラウン零調装置
CN102151700B (zh) * 2010-12-01 2012-10-03 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种改善冷轧带钢冷轧平直度的方法
CN102553944B (zh) * 2012-02-20 2014-06-04 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 轧机辊缝的标定方法

Citations (10)

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US2194212A (en) * 1935-07-16 1940-03-19 American Rolling Mill Co Tension rolling method and apparatus therefor
US2479974A (en) * 1943-05-05 1949-08-23 Armzen Company Design and construction of rolling mills
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus
US3020788A (en) * 1958-06-04 1962-02-13 Anthony E Peters Shear control system for multi-line continuous rod mills
US3315506A (en) * 1964-01-09 1967-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Workpiece tension and shape control method and apparatus
US3318129A (en) * 1965-03-29 1967-05-09 Gross Leo Method of ultrasonic drawing of sheet metal
US3402603A (en) * 1966-03-24 1968-09-24 Pratt & Whitney Inc Detection system
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness
US3499306A (en) * 1965-07-09 1970-03-10 British Aluminium Co Ltd Measurement of the shape and flatness of sheet or strip material
US3552161A (en) * 1967-04-26 1971-01-05 Western Electric Co Mill protecting device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB946342A (en) * 1961-06-07 1964-01-08 British Cellophane Ltd Improvements in or relating to web tension measuring devices
JPS5243781B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-06-28 1977-11-01

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2194212A (en) * 1935-07-16 1940-03-19 American Rolling Mill Co Tension rolling method and apparatus therefor
US2479974A (en) * 1943-05-05 1949-08-23 Armzen Company Design and construction of rolling mills
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus
US3020788A (en) * 1958-06-04 1962-02-13 Anthony E Peters Shear control system for multi-line continuous rod mills
US3315506A (en) * 1964-01-09 1967-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Workpiece tension and shape control method and apparatus
US3318129A (en) * 1965-03-29 1967-05-09 Gross Leo Method of ultrasonic drawing of sheet metal
US3499306A (en) * 1965-07-09 1970-03-10 British Aluminium Co Ltd Measurement of the shape and flatness of sheet or strip material
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness
US3402603A (en) * 1966-03-24 1968-09-24 Pratt & Whitney Inc Detection system
US3552161A (en) * 1967-04-26 1971-01-05 Western Electric Co Mill protecting device

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4022040A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-05-10 T. Sendzimir, Inc. Method of operation and control of crown adjustment system drives on cluster mills
US4262511A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-04-21 Reycan Research Limited Process for automatically controlling the shape of sheet metal produced in a rolling mill
US6185973B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2001-02-13 World Machinery Co., Ltd. Rolling mill for metal foil
EP1604750B2 (de) † 2004-06-08 2011-12-21 ACHENBACH BUSCHHÜTTEN GmbH Einrichtung zur Messung der Zugspannungsverteilung in bandförmigem Walzgut aus Metall
CN101468366B (zh) * 2007-12-28 2010-10-13 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种钢料平整度控制方法及装置
CN101966534A (zh) * 2010-09-26 2011-02-09 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种滚轧机床主轴圆周相位变差调整机构
CN101966534B (zh) * 2010-09-26 2012-11-14 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种滚轧机床主轴圆周相位变差调整机构
CN111360077A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-07-03 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 一种防止带钢甩入酸槽的控制方法
CN111360077B (zh) * 2020-03-03 2022-07-15 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 一种防止带钢甩入酸槽的控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2274368A1 (fr) 1976-01-09
GB1452051A (en) 1976-10-06
FR2274368B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-03-06
JPS5633168B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-08-01
CA1031193A (en) 1978-05-16
JPS5133750A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-23

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