US3918839A - Wind turbine - Google Patents

Wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3918839A
US3918839A US508016A US50801674A US3918839A US 3918839 A US3918839 A US 3918839A US 508016 A US508016 A US 508016A US 50801674 A US50801674 A US 50801674A US 3918839 A US3918839 A US 3918839A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
turbine
blade
rotor
shaft
curved portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US508016A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bennie F Blackwell
Louis V Feltz
Randall C Maydew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Energy
Energy Research and Development Administration ERDA
Original Assignee
US Department of Energy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Energy filed Critical US Department of Energy
Priority to US508016A priority Critical patent/US3918839A/en
Priority to CA230,279A priority patent/CA1042347A/en
Priority to NL7508723A priority patent/NL7508723A/nl
Priority to ES439834A priority patent/ES439834A1/es
Priority to SE7509005A priority patent/SE7509005L/xx
Priority to JP10130175A priority patent/JPS5166951A/ja
Priority to NO753023A priority patent/NO753023L/no
Priority to DE19752540757 priority patent/DE2540757A1/de
Priority to FR7528845A priority patent/FR2285527A1/fr
Priority to IT83654/75A priority patent/IT1049691B/it
Priority to AU85026/75A priority patent/AU8502675A/en
Priority to BE2054572A priority patent/BE833581A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3918839A publication Critical patent/US3918839A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • a wind turbine rotatable about a shaft may include a drive rotor with one or more elongated blades each having a central outwardly curved portion of airfoil shape which produces rotary motion when the blade rotates in wind at a blade tip velocity to wind velocity ratio greater than about three or four, additional wind rotor means disposed at both ends of the curved portions of the elongated blade for rotatably accelerating the drive rotor to the desired velocity ratio, and means coupled to said rotors for utilizing the rotation thereof.
  • Wind was one of the first natural energy sources to be harnessed by man with the use of various windmill driven apparatus.
  • the use of windmills declined drastically after the development of the steam engine, internal combustion engine, and other fossil fueled energy conversion machines.
  • interest is again being directed to the use of wind as a competitive source of energy.
  • This invention relates to a wind turbine having a driverotor including an outwardly curved, airfoil shaped blade extending between end portions of amtatable shaft; and additional rotor means disposed at both end portions of the shaft and out of registry with torque producing portions of the drive rotor to bring the entire rotor assembly up to a speed at which the drive rotor may maintain a rotary driving force to the shaft and which thereafter continues to contribute a driving force thereto at the higher speeds.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat simplified perspective view of the wind turbine assembly of this invention showing the relative positions of the rotor elements
  • FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically the preferred shape of the blades in the main drive rotor of the wind turbine
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically a comparison of the blade shape of this invention with other possible blade curvatures
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the airfoil portion of the blade shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of efficiency versus velocity ratios for the respective rotor portions of the present wind turbine. I I
  • FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b illustrate by cross section various shapes that the straight segments may have 'for the blades shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates diagrammatically in a top section view the positions of the vanes of the starter rotor utilized in the wind turbine assembly of FIG. 1; 7
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another starter rotor arrangement which may be used with the turbine of FIG. .1;
  • FIG. 9 shows diagrammatically a modification driverotor blade and blade shape
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate further modifications of the drive rotor blade to effectively increase the aspect ratio of the rotor blade
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a mofified version of the wind turto the him which utilizes a vertical stacking of drive rotors
  • the wind turbine of this invention includes a wind driven main power or drive rotor and a pair of wind driven starter rotors 14 and 16 coupled to a rotatable shaft 12, as indicated in FIG. 1. It is preferred that the wind tubine be supported in a vertical position as shown, so that any wind, regardless of direction, will always cause rotation of the wind turbine rotors without adjustment of the turbine axis.
  • Each of the rotors l0, l4 and 16 are fixed to the shaft 12 so as to rotate together about fixed platform or tower 18 with the shaft 12 maintained in the desired vertical position.
  • Shaft 12 may be rotatably mounted on platform 18 by appropriate rotary bearings, and the like and may be stabilized by appropriate guys or other supports 19 from upper portions of the shaft, if such is desirable, depending on the size of the wind turbine and the wind velocities in which it is to be operated.
  • shaft 12, and consequently rotors 10, 14 and 16 may be coupled directly or via an appropriate drive system, such as represented by gears 20 and 22, to a suitable utilization means 24 which may convert or otherwise utilize the energy produced by the rotation of shaft 12.
  • Utilization means 24 may be an appropriate apparatus or mechanism which may convert the rotary motion of the wind turbine into electricity or some other form of energy, for example an alternator or generator, or which may provide some other operation or function, for example pumping of a fluid from a well or operating another apparatus or mechanism.
  • the main drive or power rotor 10 may include one or more generally vertically disposed elongated blades, such as the three blades 26a, 26b and 260 shown, which are fastened or coupled to shaft 12 at their extremities through an appropriate collar or other support.
  • the blade or blades may be positioned around shaft 12 so as to balance each other or may be provided with appropriate counterweights, or the like to provide this balance.
  • Each blade, as indicated by blade 26a, may include a central outwardly curved, arcuate portion 28 connected through straight segment 30 to an upper portion of shaft 12 and through another straight segment 32 to a lower portion of shaft 12.
  • the shaft 12 may be a single solid or hollow rod, concentric rods rotatable with respect to each other, or a lattice or truss-like structure, depending on its proposed strength and size and the apparatus used to support the same.
  • the troposkien shape can be approximated by a circular arc 34a, at the outermost portion of the troposkien shape, and a pair of straight segments 34b and 340 coupled between the ends of the circular are 340 and the rotation axis.
  • the cable is still subjected to essentially tensile stresses with only negligible bending stresses.
  • This approximation is utilized as the desired shape for the power rotor 10 blades illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the differences between a troposkien-shaped curve 34 and that of a circular are 36 and a catenary-shaped curve 38.
  • the catenary-shaped curve 38 approximates the shape assumed by a perfectly flexible cable of uniform density and cross section hanging freely from two fixed points. A rotated blade having either of the shapes 36 or 38 will produce greater bend ing stresses than the shape 34 or its approximation.
  • the troposkien-shaped curve 34 minimizes the bending stresses produced in the vertical blade when subjected to rotary motion, while the approximation of a troposkien shape, as illustrated by the circular arc segment 34a and the straight segment sections 34b and 340 in FIG.
  • the blade configuration shown may be selected to provide a close approximation of the troposkien shape to minimize bending stresses by minimizing the maximum separation distance between curve 34 and the approximation segments 34a, 34b and 340, or by otherwise adjusting the approximation shape.
  • the straight segments 30 and 32 of the rotor 10 blades can be formed as structural members with little or no aerodynamic lift or torque producing effects.
  • the use of the curved portion 28 as the principal or only drive section makes more effective use of wind energy as other portions of the blade, namely the straight segments, inherently produce lower torque levels from equal wind energy.
  • the curved portion 28 of the blades 26a, 26b and 26c are provided with an airfoil shape or cross section transverse to the blade curvature and facing the direction of rotation of rotor 10 so as to provide a lift force when the rotor 10 turns in a wind.
  • a typical cross section is shown in FIG. 4 which is selected to provide an optimum Lift-to-Drag ratio, thus increasing power producing performance.
  • each blade curved airfoil section 28 will experience both positive and negative angles of attack during a revolution so that there is no apparent advantage in using a nonsymmetrieal airfoil.
  • the lift for airfoils increases with increasing angle of attack up to the point where the flow separates from the airfoil, which condition may cause a stall and is generally to be avoided, the maximum lift being higher for increasing aspect ratios (the ratio of airfoil length to airfoil chord length).
  • the wind felt on curved portion 28 is not simply the absolute wind speed or velocity but rather the absolute wind velocity minus vectorially the absolute blade velocity.
  • the angle of attack is the angle between the relative wind speed (that is the apparent wind direction) and the chord line of the airfoil blade, the angle of attack being dependent on wind velocity, rotational blade velocity and the blade position with respect to the turbine.
  • the angle of attack decreases with increasing blade velocity to wind velocity ratio. Therefore, for a sufficiently high ratio, the airfoil may never stall during a revolution while at low ratios the airfoil may be stalled over an appreciable portion of the blade revolution. At high ratios, the angle of attack decreases consequently decreasing the chord-wise component of lift.
  • a symmetical airfoil shape which has a large lift-todrag ratio may be the NACA 0012 airfoil (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics).
  • Such an airfoil or similar airfoil may be formed, as shown in FIG. 4, with a high-strength backbone or tensile stress element 42 surrounded by a rigid foam core 44.
  • the stress element 42 may be a steel, aluminum or fiber composite leaf or strap which is roll or otherwise formed in the desired arcuate curvature shown in FIG. 2 by curve 34a so as to act as the supporting element for the curved portion 28 and as the strength member to withstand the tensile forces produced in the blade from the rotation of rotor 10.
  • the rigid foam core 44 may be formed from light-weight polyurethane or the like foam bodies, as described below. Suitable fasteners or attachments, such as hinges or pins (not shown), may be affixed to the ends of element 42 at this time for convenience in connecting the curved portion 28 of the blade to the straight segments 30 and 32.
  • the rigid core 44 may be shaped in the desired airfoil configuration and suitably adhered to the stress element 42, such as by forming the core 44 by machining or the like two separate rigid foam body halves from suitable foam blades into the desired complementary shapes or sections 44a and 44b and then attaching the sections on either side of the curved stress element 42.
  • the outer surface of the core 44 may then be appropriately coated, such as with a fiberglass resin skin 46 in either mat, cloth or sprayed form, to provide a smooth and erosion resistant surface around the core 44 which will protect the same from impacts by objects carried by the wind and from rain, hail, or the like.
  • the skin 46 may be smoothed and polished and further coated to minimize friction and other aerodynamic losses and to provide the desired final shaping and balancing of the airfoil.
  • the straight segments 30 and 32 of the blades 26a, 26b and 26c may be formed of any convenient shape which provides minimal wind resistance and which has sufficient tensile strength to support the curved portion 28 under maximum stress conditions and are attached in appropriate manner to the fasteners connected to curved portion 28.
  • the straight segments may be formed with an airfoil shape to aid in providing a drive force or to minimize drag resistance to rotor 10 by bending a sheet into an airfoil shape and welding the trailing edges of the sheet, as shown by the straight segment cross section 50a in FIG. 6a.
  • the straight segments may contribute very little drive force due to their position with respect to the rotors l4 and 16 and with respect to shaft 12, economy may dictate the use of a simple circular hollow or solid rod or other shape as indicated by the cross section 50b in FIG. 6b.
  • the straight segments are generally made of rigid materials to support the blades when the turbine is at rest and may include suitable supports (not shown) from shaft 12 to aid in this support.
  • suitable supports not shown
  • rotor 10 must be driven to a blade tip speed to wind velocity ratio of about 3 before the rotor 10 blades begin to exert or provide a significant driving force sufficient to offset drag, inertia, and other losses and to accelerate the turbine to peak operating levels.
  • starter rotors l4 and 16 are appropriately supported at upper and lower portions of rotor 10 coupled to the common-shaft l2 and out of registry with curved portions 28 of the drive rotor 10.
  • a particularly effective starter rotor is illustrated in FIG.
  • the ratio of the diameter of rotor 10 to rotors l4 and 16 should thus be sized to be from about 5 to 6 to 1, so that both the starting and drive rotors are operating at their peak performance at about the same rotational velocities. It has also been found that the starter rotors l4 and 16 may be provided with a height which is approximately the same as their diameter to minimize blocking of the most effective portion, that is the curved portion 28 of rotor 10 as indicated in FIG. 1, or they may extend from said curved portion 28 to beyond the ends of the drive rotor 10 blades.
  • the vanes 52 and 54 of the starter rotors may be made in the form shown or with varible thickness in an airfoil shape to provide increased efficiency.
  • the vanes 52 and 54 are preferably formed from sheet metal with the vane chamber or hollow portion forming a segment of an are having constant radius.
  • the vanes of the upper starter rotor 14 should be positioned, as shown in FIG. 2, so as to be out of phase with the vanesof the lower starter rotor 16, that is, interdigitated or perpendicular one with respect to the other, so that the wind turbine is self-starting from wind coming from any direction and so as to smooth out the starting torque produced by the starting rotors.
  • Other types of starter rotors. such as certain drag-type rotors may be utilized but with lower over all efficiencies and drive power. such as the type shown in FIG. 8 utilizing three buckets 62a, 62b and 620 appropriately connected to shaft 12.
  • the respective rotors l0, l4 and 16 connected to the common shaft 12 may be rotated in a wind to a velocity of from 3 to 4 times that of the wind by the proper proportioning of the size and radius of the starter rotors and the power rotor, as described above.
  • the starter rotors will self-start without any external application of power (other than wind) and will automatically regulate the correct airfoil starting velocity as a function of any wind velocity within the operating range and limitations of the turbine.
  • the starter rotor may continue to produce driving power even at the operating velocity of the power rotor without degrading the latter operation.
  • the utilization means 24 may then be operated to provide whatever power, energy or operation desired from the rotation of the wind turbine in a highly efficient, simple and low cost system.
  • the blades of rotor may be modified by positioning appropriate mass or weight members at the junction between the straight segments and the curved portion of the blade, such as shown by weight members 64 and 66 in FIG. 9.
  • These masses will tend to straighten out and change the arc of the curved portion of the blades of the previous troposkien description into a new are shape or curved portion 28a which increases the swept area of the rotor 10 blades.
  • the airfoil portion of the blades are more vertical and thus provide a greater average radius from the rotor shaft to the drive portion of the power blade and a greater area of blade sweep. Since the blade curved portion is still in the form of an ace, the stresses within the curved portion will still be tensile but may require a higher strength joint or junction between the curve portion 28a and the straight segments of the blade.
  • the blades of rotor 10 may be further modified by installing tip plates of larger dimension than the blade cross section at the junction between the curved portion 28 and the straight segments 30 and 32 of the power blades of rotor 10. These tip plates are most effective when the angles of attack are high to increase the effective aspect ratio (ratio of blade length to blade chord length) of the blade airfoil by preventing the higher pressure air inside the airfoil from spilling around the end of the airfoil into the low pressure side.
  • the tip plates may be installed perpendicular to the blade as shown in FIG. 10a by tip 68a or perpendicular to the vertical axis or shaft 12 of the turbine as indicated by tip 68b in FIG. 10b. In the latter configuration, the tip plate 68b would minimize interference with the air flow over the blade itself and would not have to rotate against the air stream at the rotational velocity or rotor 10.
  • a wind turbine of the type described above may increase substantially as the size of the wind turbine is increased and since wind velocities often increase with distance above ground level, it may be desirable to stack wind turbines one above the other on a common shaft 72, as indicated in FIG. II by turbines a and 70h. Because of this increase in wind velocity with height, it may also be desirable that the upper wind turbine 70b be provided with a diameter greater than lower turbines to provide a more efficient utilization of the wind energy.
  • the turbines 70a and 70b (and additional stacked turbines) and their common shaft 72 may be appropriately supported at the ground and with suitable guy and collar arrangements 74a and 74b at intermediate and upper positions of the turbines. The turbines can thus be positioned so as to occupy a limited area of ground without any wind interference between turbines. It will be un derstood that these turbines may be provided with one or more similar starter rotors as described above.
  • the turbines may be provided with demountable or foldable junctions or fasteners at the connection between the curved portions and straight segments of the blades and between the blades and shaft 12 so that the blades may be folded or collapsed to a much smaller diameter which will have significantly lower wind resistance and which may be suitably covered, if desired.
  • the blades of rotor 10 are provided, as shown in FIG.
  • a wind turbine comprising a rotatable shaft; a drive rotor having an elongated blade with a central curved portion of airfoil shape transverse to said curvature, and means for supporting said blade on said shaft with said airfoil shape directed along the path of movement of said blade for exerting significant driving force on said shaft when said curved blade portion attains a linear velocity to wind velocity ratio greater than about three; starter rotor means disposed on said shaft having vanes out of registry with the curved portion of said drive rotor for rotatably accelerating said shaft to said velocity ratio; and means coupled to said shaft for utilizing the rotation of said shaft.
  • said blade supporting means includes substantially straight blade segments connecting and supporting between them said curved portion of airfoil shape.
  • the turbine of claim 4 including means for separating the ends of said curved portion of said blade from said blade segments.
  • the turbine of claim 4 including tip plate spoilers at each end of said curved portion of said blade.
  • the turbine of claim 4 including weight members positioned at each end of said curved portion of said blade.
  • said curved portion of said blade includes a high strength. elongated strap disposed at the center of said curved portion, a foam core disposed about said strap in said airfoil shape, and an outer substantially impervious skin thereover.
  • said strap is bent into an arcuate shape
  • said foam comprises inner and outer airfoil shape segments adhered to each other and to said strap on both sides of said strap, and the outer surface of said foam segments is coated with said impervious skin.
  • said starter rotor means include a first self-starting rotor disposed above said curved portion and a second self-starting rotor disposed below said curved portion; each of said self-starting rotors including a plurality of hollow-shaped vanes facing in oppositc directions with respect to each other, and means for supporting said vanes on said shaft partially overlapping each other in a generally S-shaped fashion for directing wind caught by the hollow portion of one vane into the hollow portion of at least another vane in each rotor.
  • the turbine of claim 1 including a plurality of said drive rotors supported one above the other on said shaft, each succeding drive rotor having a diameter greater than the next adjacent lower rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US508016A 1974-09-20 1974-09-20 Wind turbine Expired - Lifetime US3918839A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US508016A US3918839A (en) 1974-09-20 1974-09-20 Wind turbine
CA230,279A CA1042347A (en) 1974-09-20 1975-06-26 Wind turbine
NL7508723A NL7508723A (nl) 1974-09-20 1975-07-22 Windmolen.
ES439834A ES439834A1 (es) 1974-09-20 1975-07-30 Turbina de viento.
SE7509005A SE7509005L (sv) 1974-09-20 1975-08-11 Vindturbin
JP10130175A JPS5166951A (nl) 1974-09-20 1975-08-22
NO753023A NO753023L (nl) 1974-09-20 1975-09-03
DE19752540757 DE2540757A1 (de) 1974-09-20 1975-09-12 Windturbine
FR7528845A FR2285527A1 (fr) 1974-09-20 1975-09-19 Turbine verticale d'eolienne
IT83654/75A IT1049691B (it) 1974-09-20 1975-09-19 Turbina a vento
AU85026/75A AU8502675A (en) 1974-09-20 1975-09-19 Turbine
BE2054572A BE833581A (fr) 1974-09-20 1975-09-19 Turbine verticale d'eolienne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US508016A US3918839A (en) 1974-09-20 1974-09-20 Wind turbine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3918839A true US3918839A (en) 1975-11-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US508016A Expired - Lifetime US3918839A (en) 1974-09-20 1974-09-20 Wind turbine

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US3918839A (nl)
JP (1) JPS5166951A (nl)
AU (1) AU8502675A (nl)
BE (1) BE833581A (nl)
CA (1) CA1042347A (nl)
DE (1) DE2540757A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES439834A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2285527A1 (nl)
IT (1) IT1049691B (nl)
NL (1) NL7508723A (nl)
NO (1) NO753023L (nl)
SE (1) SE7509005L (nl)

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GB2249143A (en) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-29 Sutton Vane Vane Vertical axis wind turbines
US5171127A (en) * 1988-12-23 1992-12-15 Alexander Feldman Vertical axis sail bladed wind turbine
US5176501A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-01-05 The University Of British Columbia Propeller with an elastic sleeve
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US6023105A (en) * 1997-03-24 2000-02-08 Youssef; Wasfi Hybrid wind-hydro power plant
WO2003062636A1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2003-07-31 Dermond Inc. Vertical axis windmill and self-erecting structure therefor
KR20030065747A (ko) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-09 원인호 수풍회전력의 집력화 장치
EP1335130A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-13 FIORINI, Vittorio Darrieus wind turbine
US20030209912A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-13 Randall Badger Wind power electrical generating system
US20040042895A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2004-03-04 Kazuichi Seki Integrated wind and water turbine and method of manufacturing the wheel
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US20040169375A1 (en) * 2001-05-03 2004-09-02 Aloys Wobben Supporting construction for the stator of a ring generator of a wind turbine
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NL7508723A (nl) 1976-03-23
BE833581A (fr) 1976-01-16
NO753023L (nl) 1976-03-23
ES439834A1 (es) 1977-04-16
DE2540757A1 (de) 1976-04-08
AU8502675A (en) 1977-03-24
SE7509005L (sv) 1976-03-22
FR2285527A1 (fr) 1976-04-16
IT1049691B (it) 1981-02-10
CA1042347A (en) 1978-11-14
FR2285527B3 (nl) 1978-05-05
JPS5166951A (nl) 1976-06-10

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