US3914123A - Segregation process for beneficiating nickel, copper, or cobalt oxidic ore - Google Patents

Segregation process for beneficiating nickel, copper, or cobalt oxidic ore Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914123A
US3914123A US207272A US20727271A US3914123A US 3914123 A US3914123 A US 3914123A US 207272 A US207272 A US 207272A US 20727271 A US20727271 A US 20727271A US 3914123 A US3914123 A US 3914123A
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ore
nickel
segregation
cobalt
copper
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US207272A
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Raymond John Davidson
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Nilux Holding SA
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Nilux Holding SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes

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  • the present invention relates to the beneficiation of oxidic materials containing nickel, cobalt, and copper, such oxidised ores of nickel cobalt or copper, by the segregation process.
  • the invention provides the improvement of increasing the active iron oxide content by adding ferrous or ferric oxide to the oxidic material.
  • the active iron oxide content can be increased by adding ferrous or ferric oxide per se or an ore containing ferrous or ferric oxide to the oxidic material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a reactor for carrying out the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the effect of the addition of magnetic concentrate to ore B prior to segregation at 900C: CaCl /2% coke used as reagents, allowing 1 hour reaction time.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the response of seven different gamierite-type ores to segregation at 900C.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of the addition of ferric oxide to demagnetized ore B prior to segregation at 900C for 1 hour.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the effect of the addition of ferric oxide to ore G prior to segregation at 900C for one hour.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the effect of the addition of ferric oxide to ore F prior to segregation at 900C for 1 hour..
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of reaction time data for segregation at 900C of ore B blended with 20% of a nickeliferous laterite (1.6% Ni; 84% Fe O
  • FIG. 8 is a graph of reaction time data for segregation at l000C of ore B blended with 20% of a nickeliferous laterite.
  • FIG. 9 is. a graph showing nickel segregation as a function of temperature for ore B blended with 25% of a nickeliferous laterite.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the effect of various halide salts on the reaction of magnetized ore D with 25% ferric oxide at 800C in the presence of 3% coke.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the effect of various halide salts on the reaction of magnetized ore D with 25% ferric oxide at 900C in the presence of 3% coke.
  • vapour phase recovery process used in the following examples was the segregation process which was carried out in the silica tube reactor illustrated schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the reactor allowed for the addition of the segregation reagents at operational temperatures and in this reactor the ore samples were mechanically fluidised.
  • the reactor consists of a silica tube 10 into which the charge 12 is placed.
  • the tube 10 is fitted with a Quick fit stopper 14 and heat is supplied by a tube furnace 16.
  • a thermocouple 18 is provided to measure temperature.
  • the tube 10 is vibrated by means of a vibro stirrer 20.
  • EXAMPLES 1 to 9 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Seven garnierite-type ores, ground to pass a 65 mesh screen, were used. The relevant mineralogical and chemical compositions of the ores are shown in the table.
  • the percentage fayalite in the olivine phase of the pre-roasted ore samples was determined using a Philips X-ray diffractometer, calibration being carried out according to the method of Yoder and Sahama. (Mineralogist 1957 Vol. 42 P. 473).
  • the Ni/Fe ratios in the olivine phase of the pre-roasted ore samples were determined using an electronprobe X-ray microanalyzer.
  • a pre-mixed calcium chloride/coke reagent (stored at 130C) was then added to the reactor which was immediately stoppered with a well-greased Quickfit stopper, which was then secured in place. Vibration amplitude was increased by applying 180V for a further one minute in order to mix in the reagents, after which vibration was decreased by reducing the voltage to 100V. The reaction was allowed to continue for the desired time.
  • the stopper was securely seated so as to avoid any subsequent ingress of air.
  • the reactor with its contents was then quenched in water and allowed to cool.
  • the quenched product was wet-ground for 15 minutesin a mechanical mortar, and magnetic concentration of the segregated nickel-iron alloy produced carried out on the complete charge.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A small magnetite/chromite fraction (6% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The seven sample ores were subjected to segregation at 900C. The results are shown in FIG. 3 which illustrates their respective responses as a function of reaction time. It is immediately apparent that ore A with the highest free ferric-iron oxide content segregates most efficiently under the prescribed conditions, while ore G containing the lowest free iron oxide content displays the poorest segregation characteristics.
  • EXAMPLE 3 In order to confirm the above findings and to assess the part played by the mineralogical composition and more specifically the role played by iron oxide in nickel segregation, further investigation entailed the addition of ferric oxide to a selection of ores prior to segregation. In the first instance, three ores were selected on the basis of microprobe analysis in which the Ni/Fe ratios in the serpentine phase were widely divergent viz. high, medium and low. Ores F, B and G were thus chosen. Ore B, however, was demagnetized using a.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 The effect on segregation of the addition of ferric oxide to the above ores prior to segregation at 900C is shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • demagnetized ore B (FIG. 4) an almost linear increase in nickel recovery from 54 to may be noted as the iron oxide concentration in the system is increased.
  • the response of ore G to similar additions of ferric oxide (FIG. 5) is even more marked with nickel recoveries increasing from 51 to 84%. A corresponding increase in reduction to metallic nickel may also be noted in each case.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the segregation of ore B blended with 20% of a lines in FIGS. 7 and 8), a very significant increase in re 7 action rates is observed.
  • EXAMPLE 5 The recovery of nickel, as a function of temperature, from a garnierite-type ore containing optimum additions of iron oxide was investigated between 730 and i 890C (FIG. 9).
  • ore B has been blended with 25% of a nickeliferous laterite 1.6% Ni; 84% Fe O Segregation was carried out for minutes using 5% coke and 5% of a fusion mixture of calcium chloride and sodium chloride (80 mole CaCl m.p. 660C).
  • a higher coke addition was indicated in this case, because of the lower'segregation temperatures employed.
  • a lower melting point halide salt was used so as not to confuse the resulting data with any melting point effects (CaCl m.p. 772C).
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the effect of reacting demagnetized ore D (6.0% Fe O 37.3% MgO; 39.7% SiO with 25% ferric oxide at 800 and 900C respectively in the presence of 3% coke using various other chloridizing agents (the concentration of the halide salt was maintained at 5%). From the resulting kinetics, it is immediately apparent that calcium chloride is far more efficient in promoting the formation of fayalite than either sodium or magnesium chloride under the prescribed reaction conditions. Similar findings were also observed at 1000C.
  • both magnesium and sodium chloride are not capable of promoting the reaction beyond 24% fayalite.
  • EXAMPLE 7 The blending of a nickeliferous laterite with ore B prior to segregation has already been described in Example 4 and significant increases in reaction rates were observed when compared with the unadulterated ore B. Subsequent experiments in which ore B was blended with (a) a pre-roasted nickeliferous magnetite (1.0% Ni; 92% Fe O and (b) a pre-roasted pyrrhotite concentrate (2.0% Ni; 45% Fe) also yielded similar improvements in nickel recoveries after segregation. The pre-roasting of the ores was found to be necessary in each instance in order to convert the iron present into a readily active oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 9 In an experiment a Bechtel magnetite concentrate containing 1% nickel from asbestos tailings, was preroasted for 16 hours at ll00C to oxidise to hematite i.e., a conversion from Fe O to Fe O This pretreated Bechtel ore was then added to demagnetised Wedza l ore, containing about 1.57% Ni.
  • Tati rougher concentrate was roasted in the presence of air up to 900 in order to remove sulphur.
  • the composition of the roasted ore was as follows:
  • the cobalt recovery was 54% and the copper recov ery 96%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US207272A 1970-12-11 1971-12-13 Segregation process for beneficiating nickel, copper, or cobalt oxidic ore Expired - Lifetime US3914123A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA708391A ZA708391B (en) 1970-12-11 1970-12-11 Beneficiation of oxidic materials
ZA712269 1971-04-08

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USB207272I5 USB207272I5 (fr) 1975-01-28
US3914123A true US3914123A (en) 1975-10-21

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US (1) US3914123A (fr)
AU (1) AU3667971A (fr)
CA (1) CA956119A (fr)
FR (1) FR2118024B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1375006A (fr)
ZM (1) ZM18371A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4295878A (en) * 1977-07-08 1981-10-20 Ici Australia Limited Processes of iron segregation

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190318763A (en) * 1903-08-31 1904-06-16 Allg Elektro Metallurg Ges A Process for the Extraction of Heavy Metals by Means of Chlorine
US1368885A (en) * 1918-11-18 1921-02-15 Robert H Bradford Metallurgical process
US1679337A (en) * 1924-10-29 1928-07-31 Metals Production Company Of N Heat treatment and concentration of copper ores
GB301342A (en) * 1927-08-24 1928-11-26 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the recovery of metals and metal compounds which are soluble in ammoniacal liquors
GB377705A (en) * 1930-10-08 1932-07-25 Meyer Mineral Separation Compa Improvements in or relating to processes for recovering metal values from ores and other metalliferous materials
US1943337A (en) * 1931-04-06 1934-01-16 Lafayette M Hughes Method of treating sulphide ores to chloridize the same
US2085114A (en) * 1934-11-05 1937-06-29 Hughes Mitchell Processes Inc Method of treating an ore material
US2733983A (en) * 1956-02-07 fecij
US3453101A (en) * 1963-10-21 1969-07-01 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Process for treating nickeliferous ore
US3457037A (en) * 1967-08-15 1969-07-22 Nat Lead Co Method for producing titanium dioxide concentrate from massive ilmenite ores
US3466169A (en) * 1964-12-31 1969-09-09 Halomet Ag Process for the production of metallic chlorides from substances containing metallic oxides
US3725043A (en) * 1970-05-26 1973-04-03 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method for segregating metals contained in the oxide ores thereof

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733983A (en) * 1956-02-07 fecij
GB190318763A (en) * 1903-08-31 1904-06-16 Allg Elektro Metallurg Ges A Process for the Extraction of Heavy Metals by Means of Chlorine
US1368885A (en) * 1918-11-18 1921-02-15 Robert H Bradford Metallurgical process
US1679337A (en) * 1924-10-29 1928-07-31 Metals Production Company Of N Heat treatment and concentration of copper ores
GB301342A (en) * 1927-08-24 1928-11-26 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the recovery of metals and metal compounds which are soluble in ammoniacal liquors
GB377705A (en) * 1930-10-08 1932-07-25 Meyer Mineral Separation Compa Improvements in or relating to processes for recovering metal values from ores and other metalliferous materials
US1943337A (en) * 1931-04-06 1934-01-16 Lafayette M Hughes Method of treating sulphide ores to chloridize the same
US2085114A (en) * 1934-11-05 1937-06-29 Hughes Mitchell Processes Inc Method of treating an ore material
US3453101A (en) * 1963-10-21 1969-07-01 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Process for treating nickeliferous ore
US3466169A (en) * 1964-12-31 1969-09-09 Halomet Ag Process for the production of metallic chlorides from substances containing metallic oxides
US3457037A (en) * 1967-08-15 1969-07-22 Nat Lead Co Method for producing titanium dioxide concentrate from massive ilmenite ores
US3725043A (en) * 1970-05-26 1973-04-03 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method for segregating metals contained in the oxide ores thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4295878A (en) * 1977-07-08 1981-10-20 Ici Australia Limited Processes of iron segregation

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ZM18371A1 (en) 1973-06-21
CA956119A (en) 1974-10-15
FR2118024B1 (fr) 1975-10-10
GB1375006A (fr) 1974-11-27
USB207272I5 (fr) 1975-01-28
AU3667971A (en) 1973-06-14
FR2118024A1 (fr) 1972-07-28

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