US3911996A - Apparatus for continuous casting of metals - Google Patents

Apparatus for continuous casting of metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911996A
US3911996A US465554A US46555474A US3911996A US 3911996 A US3911996 A US 3911996A US 465554 A US465554 A US 465554A US 46555474 A US46555474 A US 46555474A US 3911996 A US3911996 A US 3911996A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mould
water
side walls
ingot
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US465554A
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English (en)
Inventor
Renald Veillette
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Alcan Research and Development Ltd
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Alcan Research and Development Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/05—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure

Definitions

  • a method of continuously casting a substantially rectangular section metal ingot includes the steps of progressively increasing the gap between at least the midpoints of the two longer side walls of the mould, without substantially altering the gap between the side walls at their ends, as the speed of advance of the ingot through the mould increases from an initial slow speed; maintaining a water-filled zone in contact with the outer surfaces of the mould side walls, and, at least along said longer side walls, directing jets of water into the water-filled zone at closely spaced intervals towards said longer side walls; and emitting a substantially continuous curtain of water on to the surface of the ingot emerging from said mould.
  • the water-filled zone is defined by an envelope which, at least along said longer side walls, is flexible so as not to interfere with the flexing movement of said side walls.
  • the present invention relates to apparatus for the production of metal ingots, particularly aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots, by the direct chill semicontinuous casting process, that is to say, to process in which ingots are produced by pouring metal into an open-ended mould and applying coolant, usually water, directly to the solidified surface of the metal as it emerges from the mould.
  • the butt end of the ingot is formed when the rate of pouring molten metal is relatively low and, as a consequence, in the butt portion of the ingot the wide faces exhibit an undesirable amount of convexity when the above-mentioned conventional moulds are employed.
  • the surface Before an ingot is rolled it is customary to scalp the surface to remove surface defects and thus form a relatively smooth rolling face.
  • the presence of a thick convex butt end frequently makes it necessary to scalp the wide faces of the ingot at the butt end to remove this convexity before a rolling face scalp cut can be made.
  • the presence of the convexity near the butt end also leads to a safety hazard when the unscalped ingots are stacked.
  • each wide side wall of a mould for casting a rectangularsection ingot by the DC. (direct chill) semi-continuous casting process be made flexible and is provided with means for controlling the curvature of the side wall.
  • Such means most conveniently takes the form of a screw jack acting on the side wall at one or more positions symmetrically disposed in relation to the midpoint of the wall by the operation of which bowing may be progressively applied to the side wall to flex it from an initial flat or slightly bowed condition at the beginning of the casting operation to an appropriately more pronounced bowed contour by the time the maximum dropping rate of the casting table has been reached.
  • each flexible mould wall member is associated with a means for applying sub-mould cooling, i.e. the application of coolant directly to the solidified surface of an ingot emerging from the mould and means are also provided for cooling the mould wall itself.
  • the flexible mould wall member is associated with, but relatively movable in relation to a water supply conduit, formed with a row of orifices for directing jets of water onto the reverse face of the flexible wall member and with a separate conduit similarly formed with a row of orifices for directing jets of water onto the surface of an ingot emerging from the mould.
  • the flexible side wall members of the mould of the prior proposal preferably take the form of thick strips of a metal having heat-conductivity, such as copper or aluminium.
  • a metal having heat-conductivity such as copper or aluminium.
  • the side wall member is provided with an associated flexible water jacket, which is arranged to flex with the side wall member and to provide a water outlet slit at the ingot outlet edge of the flexible mould wall member.
  • a water outlet slit may be arranged to be of substantially constant characteristics both in water emission characteristics and in positional relation to the adjacent ingot surface and this is a definite and substantial advance as compared to the supply of coolant from a relatively rigid water supply conduit.
  • the flexible water jacket must be formed of material of high flexibility and extensibility, since it definesa substantially enclosed space at the reverse face of the mould wall member. In operation this space is maintained full of water.
  • the flexible water jacket is therefore necessarily formed of a flexible synthetic material, chosen for its thermal-resistance characteristics, since it will be appreciated that first of all the flexible water jacekt must be in sealed relation with the metallic mould wall.
  • the water jacekt is preferably provided with means for directing jets of water somewhat obliquely onto the reverse surface of the mould side wall at closely spaced intervals.
  • the flexible water jacket is therefore preferably provided with a longitudinally extending water conduit lying within the envelope and formed with spaced apertures for directing jets of water onto the mould wall. It is preferably made in the form of a flexible envelope which is secured in sealing relation to the side wall member at or near its upper edge, i.e.
  • the water supply conduit supplying water via the nozzles into the enclosed space thus defined.
  • This slit permits the emission of a substantially continuous curtain of water from the water-filled space, i.e. a curtain of water extending substantially along the full length of the long side of the mould.
  • the water supply conduit may take the form of a pipe, connected at intervals to the side wall member by support brackets, the pipe serving in turn as a support to hold the envelope in position in relation to the mould side wall member.
  • the en velope and water conduit are in the form of an integral plastics extrusion, so that the conduit forms part of the wall of the envelope.
  • a means must be provided for supporting the lower edge of the envelope in parallel relation with the mould wall so as to maintain a slit of substantially constant width. This is preferably achieved by providing the envelope with a relatively stiff, but flexible, lower lip and connecting the envelope at or near the lip to the side wall member at a series of closely adjacent points.
  • the end wall member and side wall members are formed into a unitary structure, so that the end wall members move towards and away from each other in accordance with the amount of bowing applied to the side members.
  • this entails some reduction in the width of a flat ingot as the sides of the mould are bowed during the casting operation, this is of no concern, since the consequence is only that for the first few inches the width of the butt is less oversize.
  • the end wall members are provided with associated water boxes of conventional design, the water boxes providing both cooling for the mould end walls and sub-mould cooling of the narrow faces of the ingot.
  • the flexible water conduit is preferably carried around the ends of the mould so that there is interconnection between the water conduits along the two side walls of the mould.
  • the faces of the opposed side wall members of the mould should be truly parallel to the axis of ingot movement, it may in some instances be desirable to incline them slightly so that the gap between the outlet edges of the side wall members is slightly less than the gap at the inlet edges.
  • a mould with flexible side walls has various advantages in the direct chill continuous casting process.
  • it enables ingots of different composition to be cast without change of mould.
  • it is frequently necessaryy, when casting a different alloy, to change the mould for a mould of different side wall convexity, because of the different shrinkage characteristics of various alloys and different casting speeds employed.
  • Casting started with each of the mould side walls bowed out by 3/32 inch, and the bowing was progressively increased until a bow of 1 H16 inches per wall or 2% inches total bow was obtained for a casting speed of inches per minute.
  • FIG. 1 is a part plan view of one form of mould constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the mould of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a section on line D-D of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a section on line EE of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a section line on line FF of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a section of the side wall of a modified mould.
  • the mould of FIG. 1 comprises side wall members 101 and end wall members 102, formed of aluminium extruded sections welded together to form a rectangular structure.
  • Each end wall member 102 is welded to a top support plate 103, which carries a water box 104 for the supply of coolant to the reverse face of the end wall member 102.
  • a hose junction member 105 is secured on the underside of the support plate 103.
  • the junction member has a downwardly extending inlet branch for connection by means of a flexible hose to a water supply system and three horizontally extending outlet branches.
  • Each side wall member 101 is provided with two clevises, consisting of upper and lower plates 106 and 107.
  • the clevises are arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the mid-point of the side wall member 101 and are provided for connection by links to any appropriate form of screw jack or the like, through which the force for flexing the side walls of the mould is applied.
  • the bowing function may be performed by hydraulic means. Indeed many other mechanical, electro-mechanical and pneumatic devices suggest themselves for this purpose. Whatever expedient is adopted, it is preferred that the device for flexing the mould wall is automatically controlled so that the amount of bowing is kept in step with the rate at which the casting table is lowered.
  • the water box 104 receives water via a flexible hose from one branch of the junction member 105 and applies water to the rear surface of the mould wall member 102 via jets 108, which direct jets of water obliquely onto the mould wall through the water-filled space 109.
  • a plate 110 is secured by bolts to the bottom of the water box to define a water emission slit 111 through which water is directed from the space onto the end surface of an ingot emerging downwardly from the mould:
  • the side wall members 101 and end wall members 102 are both formed from an extruded aluminium section.
  • the end members 102 could be formed from flat aluminium strip with almost equal convenience.
  • the flexible side wall assembly of the mould is comprised of an extruded aluminium section to form the mould wall and extruded envelope and water conduit section 112, formed in a rather stiff grade of p.v.c.
  • the wall member 101 is shaped so that it may be flexed without substantial distortion, being of substantially equal stiffness at top and bottom edges.
  • the extruded section is provided with an undercut nutreceiving groove 114 and a longitudinal aperture 115 which forms part of a continuous lubrication system.
  • the surface of the extrusion is chamfered at 117.
  • the section 112 provides a tubular water conduit 118.
  • a series of closely spaced apertures 119 are drilled in that part of the conduit 118 which faces the reverse face of the side wall member 101, but between its connection to the junction member 105 and the end of the side wall member 101 these apertures are omitted.
  • An angle-section upper envelope wall portion 120 of the p.v.c. extruded section 112 rests upon the abutment 116 and is secured by rivets 121 to the side wall member 101.
  • the rivets 121 also serve to support a thin splash guard 122.
  • the section 112 has a lower envelope wall and lip portion 123, which co-operates with the surface 117 to provide a water emission slit 124, directed to the provision of sub-mould cooling in the conventional manner.
  • the portion 123 is connected to the wall member 101 by a series of closely spaced studs 125, which screw into tubular nuts 126 trapped in groove 114.
  • the section 112 thus co-operates with the side wall member 101 to define a water jacket space 127, to which water is supplied from the water conduit 118 through jet apertures 119 and from which water is emitted for sub-mould cooling through the slit 124.
  • the section 112 provides little interference with the flexing of the aluminium side wall of the mould and, with the mould wall, provides a water emission slit through which a substantially uniform sheet or curtain of water may be emitted for sub-mould cooling.
  • the lip portion 123 is cut back to fit with the clevis plate 107, which is welded to the chamfered surface 117 on member 101.
  • the clevis plate 107 is formed with a series of closely spaced apertures 130 for emission of sub-mould cooling water.
  • An adjustable baffle 131 preferably is provided to co-operate with apertures 130.
  • the mould side wall member 201 is a simple aluminium strip having a chamfered edge 202.
  • Support brackets 203 are secured at intervals to the rear face of the side wall member 201 and are provided to maintain a water conduit 204 spaced away from the mould side wall.
  • the conduit 204 is a neoprene or like flexible material and is provided with nozzles 205 for directing water onto the side wall member 201.
  • a flexible neoprene gasket 206 is wrapped around the conduit tube 204 to define a water space 207.
  • the envelope gasket 206 is clamped behind an aluminium strip 208, whilst the other edge of the gasket 206 is clamped between a pair of thin aluminium strips 209 and 210, which are secured to the side wall member 201 at widely spaced intervals by attachment members 211 to define a water emission slit 212. It will be apparent that the tube 204 acts as a support for the more flexible gasket 206.
  • the mould of the present invention may be employed with casting appratus which is otherwise of conventional construction.
  • the lower end of the mould is closed at the beginning of the casting operation by a stool cap, which in this instance is truly rectangular to correspond with the intitial shape of the mould cavity.
  • the side walls of the mould are set to be substantially rectilinear at the beginning of the casting operation and are progressively bowed in accordance with the shrinkage characteristics of the metal being cast, as the casting speed is increased.
  • the supply of metal to the mould may be effected in any convenient way, i.e. via conventional float-controlled dip tube or other conventional metal feeding devices employed in the art to maintain a substantially constant metal head during the casting operation.
  • the supply of water to the cooling system is preferably provided with an on-of control mechanism in conjunction with an automatic timer to enable the supply of coolant to be pulsed on a short time cycle, such as 2 seconds, to control the rate of heat extraction from the ingot in the known way.
  • Procedure for continuously casting a substantially rectangular-section metal ingot including the steps of a. supplying molten metal to the inlet end of a mould having an open outlet end and a substantially rectangular passage therethrough and maintaining a head of molten metal in said mould during said casting operation,
  • the improvement comprises maintaining a water filled zone in contact with the outer surface of the wall of the mould, and, at least along the long sides of said mould, directing jets of water into said water filled zone at closely spaced intervals towards said wall and towards the outlet end of said mould and emitting a substantially continuous curtain of water from the said water filled zone onto the surface of the ingot emerging from said mould.
  • Procedure according to claim 1 further including progressively increasing the curvature of the walls of the longer sides of said mould to increase the gap between the mid-points of said sides.
  • a rectangular mould adapted to receive and contain a supply of molten metal, said mould having an open outlet end and side walls formed of heat conductive metal,
  • a flexible envelope formed of a synthetic thermally resistant plastics material, is secured in sealed relation to the mould wall at the inlet end of the mould and is secured in spaced relation to the mould wall at the outlet end of the mouls so as to define a coolant receiving space in contact with the mould wall and having a substantially continuous coolant emission slit extending substantially along the full length of said long side at the outlet end of the mould, said flexible envelope being associated with a flexible tubular supply conduit formed of a synthetic thermally resistant plastics material, arranged to discharge jets of water at closely spaced intervals into said coolant receiving space.
  • said extruded section comprises a tubular water supply conduit portion, an angle-section upper wall envelope portion for securing in sealed relation with said mould wall and a lower envelope wall portion, terminating in an inclined lip portion for defining one side of said coolant emission slit.
  • tubular water supply section is formed with series of apertures therein directed towards the mould wall and inclined towards the outlet end thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US465554A 1973-04-30 1974-04-30 Apparatus for continuous casting of metals Expired - Lifetime US3911996A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2055373A GB1473095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30

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US3911996A true US3911996A (en) 1975-10-14

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US465554A Expired - Lifetime US3911996A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-30 Apparatus for continuous casting of metals
US05/465,552 Expired - Lifetime US3933192A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-30 Semi-continuous casting method for flat ingots

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/465,552 Expired - Lifetime US3933192A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-30 Semi-continuous casting method for flat ingots

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US (2) US3911996A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5250011B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7403486D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (2) CA1023129A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH584076A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2420997A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK137786B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES425764A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2227071B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1473095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN141381B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7405753A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA742543B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4421155A (en) * 1977-08-25 1983-12-20 Wagstaff Engineering, Incorporated Machine duplicatable, direct chill flat ingot casting mold with controlled corner water and adjustable crown forming capability
AU620179B2 (en) * 1988-12-08 1992-02-13 Alcan International Limited Direct chill casting mould with controllable impringement
EP0796683A3 (en) * 1996-03-20 2000-02-16 Norsk Hydro Asa Equipment for continuous casting of metals
US20050011630A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-20 Anderson Mark Douglas Method for casting composite ingot
US20080202720A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Robert Bruce Wagstaff Co-casting of metals by direct chill casting
WO2018229634A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US11331715B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2022-05-17 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US11717882B1 (en) 2022-02-18 2023-08-08 Wagstaff, Inc. Mold casting surface cooling
EP4035796A4 (en) * 2019-09-24 2023-11-01 Obshchestvo s Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost'yu "Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno- Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr" MILL FOR VERTICAL CASTING OF ALUMINUM BAR
US11883876B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2024-01-30 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting

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US4166495A (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-09-04 Aluminum Company Of America Ingot casting method
JPS5611551U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-07-02 1981-01-31
DE3110012C1 (de) * 1981-03-11 1982-11-04 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Anordnung zur UEberwachung und Nachstellung der Neigung der Schmalseite einer Stranggiesskokille
JPS6035221B2 (ja) * 1982-10-12 1985-08-13 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 金属帯板連続鋳造方法及びその装置
US4660615A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Continuous casting mold assembly
US5148853A (en) * 1989-06-14 1992-09-22 Aluminum Company Of America Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting
US4987950A (en) * 1989-06-14 1991-01-29 Aluminum Company Of America Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting
DE69518359T2 (de) * 1994-06-06 2000-12-21 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A., Buttrio Verfahren zum Kontrollieren der Verformung von Seitenwänden einer Kokille sowie Stranggiesskokille
US6857464B2 (en) * 2002-09-19 2005-02-22 Hatch Associates Ltd. Adjustable casting mold
US20090050290A1 (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Anderson Michael K Automated variable dimension mold and bottom block system

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DE1125594B (de) * 1957-01-30 1962-03-15 Mannesmann Ag Stranggiesskokille
GB1191070A (en) * 1968-11-29 1970-05-06 Concast Ag Improvements concerning Plate Moulds for Continuous Casting
US3741280A (en) * 1971-11-03 1973-06-26 G Safaroy Mould for the production of metal ingots

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4421155A (en) * 1977-08-25 1983-12-20 Wagstaff Engineering, Incorporated Machine duplicatable, direct chill flat ingot casting mold with controlled corner water and adjustable crown forming capability
AU620179B2 (en) * 1988-12-08 1992-02-13 Alcan International Limited Direct chill casting mould with controllable impringement
US5148856A (en) * 1988-12-08 1992-09-22 Alcan International Limited Direct chill casting mould with controllable impingement point
EP0796683A3 (en) * 1996-03-20 2000-02-16 Norsk Hydro Asa Equipment for continuous casting of metals
US8312915B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2012-11-20 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
US8415025B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2013-04-09 Novelis Inc. Composite metal as cast ingot
EP3056298A1 (en) 2003-06-24 2016-08-17 Novelis, Inc. Composite metal ingot and composite sheet product which comprises such a hot and cold rolled ingot
US7472740B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2009-01-06 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
US20090145569A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2009-06-11 Mark Douglas Anderson Method for casting composite ingot
US7819170B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2010-10-26 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
US20110008642A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2011-01-13 Mark Douglas Anderson Method for casting composite ingot
US20110005704A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2011-01-13 Mark Douglas Anderson Method for casting composite ingot
EP2279814A1 (en) 2003-06-24 2011-02-02 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
EP2279813A1 (en) 2003-06-24 2011-02-02 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
EP2279815A1 (en) 2003-06-24 2011-02-02 Novelis Inc. Method for casting composite ingot
US8927113B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2015-01-06 Novelis Inc. Composite metal ingot
US20050011630A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-20 Anderson Mark Douglas Method for casting composite ingot
US20060185816A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-08-24 Anderson Mark D Method for casting composite ingot
US7975752B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2011-07-12 Novelis Inc. Co-casting of metals by direct chill casting
US20080202720A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Robert Bruce Wagstaff Co-casting of metals by direct chill casting
US11065678B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2021-07-20 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US10350674B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2019-07-16 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
CN110799284A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2020-02-14 瓦格斯塔夫公司 针对直接冷铸的动态模具形状控制
RU2736619C1 (ru) * 2017-06-12 2020-11-19 Уэгстафф, Инк. Динамическое управление геометрической формой кристаллизатора для литья с прямым охлаждением
WO2018229634A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US11331715B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2022-05-17 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
CN110799284B (zh) * 2017-06-12 2022-05-27 瓦格斯塔夫公司 直接冷却铸造结晶器的动态形状控制
US11548061B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2023-01-10 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
US11883876B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2024-01-30 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting
EP4035796A4 (en) * 2019-09-24 2023-11-01 Obshchestvo s Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost'yu "Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno- Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr" MILL FOR VERTICAL CASTING OF ALUMINUM BAR
US11717882B1 (en) 2022-02-18 2023-08-08 Wagstaff, Inc. Mold casting surface cooling
US12109609B2 (en) 2022-02-18 2024-10-08 Wagstaff, Inc. Mold casting surface cooling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7403486D0 (pt) 1974-12-03
US3933192A (en) 1976-01-20
CA1023130A (en) 1977-12-27
FR2227071B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-03-14
CH584076A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-31
JPS5250011B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-12-21
FR2227071A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-22
GB1473095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-05-11
DK137786B (da) 1978-05-08
AU6836674A (en) 1975-10-30
IN141381B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-02-19
DE2420997A1 (de) 1974-11-21
JPS5026724A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-19
ES425764A1 (es) 1976-12-16
CA1023129A (en) 1977-12-27
DK137786C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-10-16
NL7405753A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-01
ZA742543B (en) 1975-06-25

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