US3908734A - Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908734A
US3908734A US337999A US33799973A US3908734A US 3908734 A US3908734 A US 3908734A US 337999 A US337999 A US 337999A US 33799973 A US33799973 A US 33799973A US 3908734 A US3908734 A US 3908734A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid stream
protective
containers
gaseous atmosphere
tubular member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US337999A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Robert Pollard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jones and Laughlin Steel Inc
Ltv Steel Co Inc
Original Assignee
Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp filed Critical Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Priority to US337999A priority Critical patent/US3908734A/en
Priority to AU65901/74A priority patent/AU483467B2/en
Priority to LU69454A priority patent/LU69454A1/xx
Priority to CA193,413A priority patent/CA1007543A/en
Priority to AT153674A priority patent/AT332006B/de
Priority to FR7407698A priority patent/FR2220451B1/fr
Priority to GB941874A priority patent/GB1468528A/en
Priority to JP2507574A priority patent/JPS5641347B2/ja
Priority to DE2410252A priority patent/DE2410252A1/de
Priority to AR252632A priority patent/AR199608A1/es
Priority to ZA00741413A priority patent/ZA741413B/xx
Priority to BE141657A priority patent/BE811889A/xx
Priority to BR1605/74A priority patent/BR7401605D0/pt
Priority to IT49030/74A priority patent/IT1003701B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3908734A publication Critical patent/US3908734A/en
Assigned to JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED reassignment JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). , DELAWARE, EFFECTIVE JUNE 22, 1981. Assignors: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA., NEW J&L STEEL CORPRATION, A CORP. OF DE., (CHANGED TO), YOUNGTOWN SHEET & TUBE COMPANY, A CORP. OF OH. (MERGED INTO)
Assigned to LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC., reassignment LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC., MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 19, 1984, (NEW JERSEY) Assignors: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED, A DE. CORP. (INTO), REPUBLIC STEEL CORPORATION, A NJ CORP. (CHANGEDTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/106—Shielding the molten jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D37/00—Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel
    • B22D37/005—Shielding the molten metal stream

Definitions

  • My invention generally pertains to a method and apparatus which provides a gaseous protective atmosphere around a liquid stream during transfer between containers.
  • the invention has general applicability to any transfer process in which it is desired to protect the transferred material.
  • My invention comprises the use of an open-ended tube through which a protective gaseous atmosphere is continuously passed in a manner which causes the gas to exit from both ends of the tube.
  • the liquid transfer stream is passed through the unconfined protective atmosphere which exits from the tube, then through the protective atmosphere within the tube, and then through the unconfined protective atmosphere which exits from the other end of the tube. In this manner, the entire stream is protected during transfer.
  • the above patents also do not provide for extreme ease of inspection of the liquid stream while it is being transferred. More over, the above protective devices are not of a nature that they may be easily removed or repaired and subsequently replaced during the transfer process. This ability is particularly important when the transfer process cannot be conveniently stopped due to overriding operational considerations.
  • the device embodied by the Austrian patent also typifies problems inherent in prior art protective devices and methods. This device basically consists of attaching a refractory shroud to the initial container or vessel and immersing the lower portion of the shroud in the molten pool formed in the collecting vessel. It is obvious that the protective device cannot be readily removed and replaced or adjusted when required from time-to-time during operation of the transfer process.
  • the ceramic device must be broken in order to attain immediate access to the various containers.
  • the ceramic shroud would either have to be replaced (a time consuming and extremely awkward procedure) or its use and benefits discontinued. Either alternative is undesirable.
  • this technique does not provide protection for the top surface of the collected liquid in the collecting vessel.
  • the device comprises a first tubular member having open ends and dimensioned so as to be able to be positioned between a liquid exit opening of a liquid container and a liquid entry opening of a second container without contacting the containers.
  • a second tubular member is attached to the first tubular member so as to form an interconnecting passageway between the tubular members.
  • Positioning means are attached to the second tubular member to permit the first tubular member to be pivotally placed between the transfer containers and also to be removed from such position.
  • a protective gas is passed through the second tubular member into the first tubular member in a manner which causes the gas to exit from both ends of the member.
  • the method of my invention generally comprises protecting a stream of liquid from contamination during transfer by shrouding it from the atmosphere through the use of a protective gas.
  • the stream is first passed through an unconfined protective gas which is generally moving in an opposite direction with respect to the stream.
  • the stream then passes through a tube which contains and confines the protective atmosphere in a direction parallel to that of the stream.
  • the gas As the gas enters the tube in such a manner as to flow toward both open ends of the tube, it can be seen that the gas will flow in opposite directions while in the tube. This aspect is illustrated by use of arrows in the FIGURE.
  • the stream will first encounter gas which flows countercurrent to the stream and then gas which flows concurrent with the stream.
  • the gas flow Upon exit from the tube interior, the gas flow will, of course, generally be in the same direction as the stream.
  • the second container is filled with the protective gas which issues from the lower end of the vertical tube.
  • Such protective gas not only served to protect the liquid stream while in transit, but also functions to protect the surface of the collected liquid.
  • the invention provides a continuous gaseous shroud for the stream during the entire transfer process even though opposite gas flow is effected during certain portions of the shrouding process.
  • the use of the two unconfined shrouded areas of protection offer important advantages.
  • This advantage has obvious applicability when the transfer process involves the continuous casting of steel from a tundish. Here, it is often necessary to obtain access to the tundish nozzle to correct undesirable metal stream conditions such as frozen nozzles, reduced metal flow, nozzle chills, ragged streams, etc.
  • the continuous casting of metal is also useful to illustrate a further advantage of my invention.
  • This advantage is that the inventive device may be selectively passed through the moving liquid stream without damage to the device whenever it is desired to either operatively position or remove the device.
  • the inventive device may be selectively passed through the moving liquid stream without damage to the device whenever it is desired to either operatively position or remove the device.
  • problems associated with the nozzle before proper metal flow is initially attained.
  • access to the nozzle is required.
  • nozzle problems are first corrected and then the protective device is placed into position by moving the tube through the moving metal stream. This procedure provides for the creation of a stream having the desired flow characteristics and for subsequent protection of the stream.
  • the method obviously has utility in protecting liquid streams of any material that would suffer a deleterious effect without protection. It is particularly applicable to the transfer or casting of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in which it is desired to provide protection from oxidation.
  • the reduction of non-metallic inclusions in steel by oxidation minimization is a typical example for which my process is adapted.
  • Gas flow rates should, in general, be of a nature that the desired degree of protection can be attained. In this regard it is presently preferred to create a fairly low or slow flow rate in order to prevent possible aspiration of air in the unconfined areas of protection. It is probable that high flow rates which lead to excessive turbulent flow conditions should be avoided from the standpoints of air aspiration and cost of the protective gas.
  • Suitable protective gases include argon, nitrogen, helium, other noble gases, and hydrocarbons such as natural gas, propane, coke oven gas, etc. It is also contemplated that admixtures of the above gases would be suitable for the purposes of this invention. Atomized hydrocarbon mists are also contemplated.
  • tube dimensions and geometry can be varied greatly and still be within the scope of this invention.
  • the tubes may be of round, oval, square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, etc. configuration.
  • the choice of configuration is dependent upon such factors as the shape of the liquid stream and desired gas flow characteristics as well as the shape of the respective transfer containers. It would also be within the scope of this invention to provide a tubular member which had a different configuration and/or opening area at each end of the tube.
  • the tube may be made of any suitable material which is of a nature and thickness, that will withstand contact with the liquid stream.
  • suitable material would include, steel, other metals or alloys possessing elevated temperature resistance, as well as various refractory ceramic materials. If desired, composite metalrefractory tubes would also be suitable.
  • FIGURE illustrates a preferred embodiment of an apparatus which is suitable for conducting the above described method.
  • liquid stream
  • Tubular member 14 is dimensioned so as to be able to be positioned between container 11 and container 13 without being placed in contact with the respective containers.
  • a second tubular member, a rigid, horizontal gas connection tube 15, is attached to tubular member 14 at approximately its midpoint in a manner which forms an interconnecting passageway suitable for the passage of a protective gas between the respective tubular members.
  • Positioning means 16 is connected to tube 15 in order to provide a means for pivoting the entire assembly. In this manner vertical tube 14 can be positioned between and/or removed from between container l1 and container 13.
  • Positioning means 16 further comprises adjusting means 30, pivot means 31 and adjustment means 32.
  • Adjusting means 30 permit connection tube, 15 to be rotated or twisted so that tubular member 14 may be ultimately tilted so as to change the vertical angle.
  • Pivot means 31 functions to permit the entire tubular assembly to bepivoted about positioning member 16 whereby tubular member 14 may be pivotally moved so as to be able to alter horizontal placement or to move the tube in and out of its intended operating position.
  • tubular member 14 could also be positioned by means which slidably or otherwise cause tubular member 14 to be positioned. Such means could be attached to either tubular member 14 or 15.
  • Adjusting means 32 is a ball and socket arrangement which functions to permit ultimate changes in the vertical angular position of tube 14.
  • Positioning member 16 is attached to support member 33 which in turn is attached to container 13.
  • Protective gas is introduced into gas connection tube 15 through diffusion nozzle 17 which is fed from gas supply means 18.
  • Diffusion nozzle 17 is desirably capable of creating a flow pattern and rate which will result in non-turbulent flow throughout the system. Such flow is considered to be preferred due to the possibility that a turbulent flow would cause aspiration of the ambient atmosphere and a consequent reduction in the protective capability of the system.
  • the flow of gas throughout the system is depicted by the arrows on the drawing. It is also possible to introduce gas into tube 14 at a location or locations other than that depicted in the drawing.
  • distribution container 11 may be a tundish or a ladle and collection container 13 may be for example, a tundish or a mold.
  • collection container 13 may be for example, a tundish or a mold.
  • the device When the invention is used in combination with a tundish and mold as in a continuous casting process, the device may be attached either to the mold, tundish, or independently thereof.
  • the choice of attachment is simply one which is dictated by design considerations. For example, when used with an oscillating mold systern, it has been found to be expedient to attach the device to the oscillating mold' as no problems have been observed in actual operation. Where using a ladle as the initial transfer container, it is probable that the device would be best attached to the ladle rather than to the tundish or mold. This is especially true if the ladle were used to feed a series of discrete molds because the .ladle would necessarily be moved sequentially and 1.
  • a method for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream during transfer between containers comprising: i
  • said liquid stream is further collected under the influ ence of a protective gaseous atmosphere.
  • said liquid stream comprises a metal
  • said liquid stream comprises steel.
  • said protective gaseous atmosphere is selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, helium, a hydrocarbon, and admixtures thereof.
  • said protective gaseous atmosphere is argon.
  • said gaseous atmosphere is moving at a nonturbulent velocity.
  • Shrouding apparatus for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream during transfer between containers in combination with distribution means which comprise a first container having a liquid exit opening for passing the liquid stream through said shrouding apparatus and into collection means which comprise a second container having a liquid entry opening, said shrouding apparatus comprising:
  • said second tubular member being rigid and connected to positioning means which comprise pivot means for placing and removing said first tubular member from between said liquid exit opening in said first container and said liquid entry opening in said second container; and cl. gas delivery n'teans for passing a protective gas into :tween containers as recited in claim 10, wherein:
  • said second tubular member is attached to said first tubular member at a location which is approximately at the mid-point of the length of said first tubular member.
  • said positioning means further includes adjusting means for changing the vertical angular position of said first tubular member.
  • said gas delivery means further comprises gas diffusion means for creating a non-turbulent gas flow through at least said first tubular member.
  • said distribution means comprise a tundish-havingan outlet noz- 21c and said collection means comprise a mold.
  • said collection means comprise a continuous casting mold.
  • said distribution means comprise a ladle having an outlet nozzle and said collection means comprise a tundish.
  • said distribution means comprise a ladle having an outlet nozzle and said collection means comprise a mold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US337999A 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids Expired - Lifetime US3908734A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US337999A US3908734A (en) 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids
AU65901/74A AU483467B2 (en) 1973-03-05 1974-02-22 Method and apparatus for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around aliquid stream
LU69454A LU69454A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-03-05 1974-02-22
CA193,413A CA1007543A (en) 1973-03-05 1974-02-25 Method and apparatus for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream
AT153674A AT332006B (de) 1973-03-05 1974-02-25 Vorrichtung zum aufrechterhalten einer schutzgasatmosphare um einen metallschmelzenstrahl
FR7407698A FR2220451B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-03-05 1974-02-27
GB941874A GB1468528A (en) 1973-03-05 1974-03-01 Method and apparatus for gas shroulding of liquids
DE2410252A DE2410252A1 (de) 1973-03-05 1974-03-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gasummantelung von fluessigkeiten
JP2507574A JPS5641347B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-03-05 1974-03-04
AR252632A AR199608A1 (es) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Metodo y aparato para proporcionar una atmosfera gaseosa protectora alrededor de una corriente liquida
ZA00741413A ZA741413B (en) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Method and apparatus for providing a protection gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream
BE141657A BE811889A (fr) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Methode et appareil pour proteger des liquides par une atmosphere gazeuse
BR1605/74A BR7401605D0 (pt) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Processo e aparelho para formacao de uma atmosfera gasosa protetora em torno de uma corrente liquida
IT49030/74A IT1003701B (it) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Metodo ed apparecchio per formare uno schermo gassoso protettivo attorno ad un liquido

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US337999A US3908734A (en) 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3908734A true US3908734A (en) 1975-09-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US337999A Expired - Lifetime US3908734A (en) 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method and apparatus for gas shrouding of liquids

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US (1) US3908734A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS5641347B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
AR (1) AR199608A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
AT (1) AT332006B (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE811889A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BR (1) BR7401605D0 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA1007543A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2410252A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2220451B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1468528A (enrdf_load_html_response)
IT (1) IT1003701B (enrdf_load_html_response)
LU (1) LU69454A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
ZA (1) ZA741413B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023614A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-05-17 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Gas shroud
US4084799A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-04-18 Georgetown Steel Corporation Shrouding apparatus
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
US4200138A (en) * 1976-03-17 1980-04-29 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for the shielding of a casting stream in a casting apparatus
US4218048A (en) * 1978-11-17 1980-08-19 Georgetown Texas Steel Corp. Suspended gas shroud apparatus
US4270595A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-06-02 Georgetown Steel Corporation Shroud with replaceable extension
US4291743A (en) * 1977-09-13 1981-09-29 British Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for pouring molten metal
US4360133A (en) * 1980-01-31 1982-11-23 Hainaut-Sambre S.A. Apparatus for pouring molten steel
US5067552A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-11-26 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Shrouding for top pouring of ingots
CN102840763A (zh) * 2012-07-21 2012-12-26 古朝雄 用感应熔炼炉作精密熔炼的炉口惰性气体保护装置
US10478890B1 (en) 2016-06-21 2019-11-19 Nucor Corporation Methods of billet casting

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5619969A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-02-25 Daido Sanso Kk Refractory base porous nozzle device
FR2506190A1 (fr) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-26 Air Liquide Procede et installation de rechauffage de metal pour la coulee continue de metaux a l'aide d'un repartiteur
BE893168A (fr) * 1982-05-13 1982-11-16 Vesuvius Internat Corp Orifice d'injection d'un gaz de protection dans un tube de coulee
DE3506426C1 (de) * 1985-02-23 1985-11-28 Stopinc Ag, Baar Verfahren zum Abgiessen von Metallschmelze aus einem ein Absperrorgan aufweisenden Behaelter
US6559421B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2003-05-06 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus and fixing device therefor
JP5777369B2 (ja) * 2011-03-30 2015-09-09 日新製鋼株式会社 ステンレス鋼溶製時の吸窒防止方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2957936A (en) * 1957-08-17 1960-10-25 Elektrokemisk As Electric smelting furnace with bottom tapping hole
US3439735A (en) * 1965-11-19 1969-04-22 Union Carbide Corp Continuous casting apparatus with inert gas protector

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2957936A (en) * 1957-08-17 1960-10-25 Elektrokemisk As Electric smelting furnace with bottom tapping hole
US3439735A (en) * 1965-11-19 1969-04-22 Union Carbide Corp Continuous casting apparatus with inert gas protector

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
US4200138A (en) * 1976-03-17 1980-04-29 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for the shielding of a casting stream in a casting apparatus
US4023614A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-05-17 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Gas shroud
US4084799A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-04-18 Georgetown Steel Corporation Shrouding apparatus
US4291743A (en) * 1977-09-13 1981-09-29 British Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for pouring molten metal
US4270595A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-06-02 Georgetown Steel Corporation Shroud with replaceable extension
US4218048A (en) * 1978-11-17 1980-08-19 Georgetown Texas Steel Corp. Suspended gas shroud apparatus
US4360133A (en) * 1980-01-31 1982-11-23 Hainaut-Sambre S.A. Apparatus for pouring molten steel
US5067552A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-11-26 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Shrouding for top pouring of ingots
CN102840763A (zh) * 2012-07-21 2012-12-26 古朝雄 用感应熔炼炉作精密熔炼的炉口惰性气体保护装置
CN102840763B (zh) * 2012-07-21 2015-07-01 青岛新力通工业有限责任公司 用感应熔炼炉作精密熔炼的炉口惰性气体保护装置
US10478890B1 (en) 2016-06-21 2019-11-19 Nucor Corporation Methods of billet casting
US11148192B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2021-10-19 Nucor Corporation Shroud for billet casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA153674A (de) 1975-12-15
DE2410252A1 (de) 1974-09-12
JPS5641347B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1981-09-28
FR2220451B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1979-04-20
FR2220451A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-10-04
AR199608A1 (es) 1974-09-13
JPS49119828A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-11-15
BR7401605D0 (pt) 1974-10-29
BE811889A (fr) 1974-07-01
IT1003701B (it) 1976-06-10
LU69454A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-05-29
CA1007543A (en) 1977-03-29
GB1468528A (en) 1977-03-30
ZA741413B (en) 1975-01-29
AT332006B (de) 1976-09-10
AU6590174A (en) 1975-08-28

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA.;YOUNGTOWN SHEET & TUBE COMPANY,A CORP. OF OH. (MERGED INTO);NEW J&L STEEL CORPRATION, A CORP. OF DE., (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004510/0801

Effective date: 19851018

AS Assignment

Owner name: LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC.,

Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 19, 1984, (NEW JERSEY);ASSIGNORS:JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED, A DE. CORP. (INTO);REPUBLIC STEEL CORPORATION, A NJ CORP. (CHANGEDTO);REEL/FRAME:004736/0443

Effective date: 19850612