US3908419A - High energy forming - Google Patents

High energy forming Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908419A
US3908419A US415371A US41537173A US3908419A US 3908419 A US3908419 A US 3908419A US 415371 A US415371 A US 415371A US 41537173 A US41537173 A US 41537173A US 3908419 A US3908419 A US 3908419A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
combustion
chamber
article
mixture
forming chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US415371A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Duncan Brownbill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
John Dale Ltd
Original Assignee
Dale Ltd John
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dale Ltd John filed Critical Dale Ltd John
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3908419A publication Critical patent/US3908419A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/46—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations characterised by using particular environment or blow fluids other than air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
    • B21D26/08—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/36—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects collapsible or like thin-walled tubes, e.g. for toothpaste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/46—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations characterised by using particular environment or blow fluids other than air
    • B29C2049/4602—Blowing fluids
    • B29C2049/4647—Blowing fluids created by an explosive gas mixture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/20—Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the shaping of articles, typically collapsible tubes, bottle closures and the like.
  • Tubes of this general type are usually formed by the extrusion of a blank of material to form a cylindrical walled collapsible tube the wall of which is thereafter expanded or shaped in a desired manner, usually as a frusto-cone.
  • the expansion of tubes to frusto-conical form is usually effected using an expanding mandrel comprising a plurality of segments which together define a substantially cylindrical surface over which the tube to be expanded is located.
  • the segments are adapted to hinge about a forward end disposed towards the dispensing opening of the tube while the rearward portion of thesegments are caused to expand thereby defining a substantially frusto-conical taper surface.
  • the mandrel is withdrawn from the tube to leave the expanded tube ready for decorating and subsequent nesting to provide a stick of frusto-conical shaped collapsible tubes.
  • a method of shaping articles which method comprises placing an article to be shaped in a forming .chamber including a die surface defining the desired shape of the finished article, introducing a combustible mixture into the chamber, igniting said mixture and causing or allowing the products of combustion to ex-
  • the present invention also includes shaped articles such as tubes and closures when made by the process of the invention.
  • the present invention also includes apparatus for expanding an article, which apparatus comprises a forming chamber, the walls of which define 'the configuration of the expanded article, said chamber being adapted to accommodate said article, supply means for supplying a combustible fuel/air-or fuel/oxygen mixture to the vicinity of said tube, and ignition means for igniting said mixture to form products of combustion and to increase the pressure interiorly of the article to expand the same so that the walls of the expanded article lie contiguous the walls of the said chamber.
  • the article entered into'the forming chamber prior to expansion may be a cylindrical collapsible tube v and the walls of the forming chamber may define a frusto-conical cavity. Additional flares and expansions may be provided in the wall of the forming chamber constituting the die surface in order that various shapes and patterns may be applied to the form of the shaped and expanded tube.
  • the combustible mixture may be a mixture of any well known combustant and air typical mixtures being provided by petrol/air mixtures, natural gas/air mix-" tures, hydrocarbon/air mixtures and coal gas/air mixtures.
  • the fuel may be supplied as a gas or vapour to a combustion chamber juxtaposed said article whereby on ignition, the gases generated by the explosion are caused to debouch from the combustion chamber to the interior of the article, the expanding gases causing the article to expand against said die surface, after which they are exhausted into the atmosphere.
  • the supply means for supplying the products of combustion to the article may comprise a combustion chamber accommodating an inlet valve for the admission of a combustible mixture to the chamber and ignition means for igniting the mixture.
  • the combustion chamber may also include heater means for heating the combustible mixture prior to ignition.
  • the combustion chamber may be provided with an outlet communicating with a valve chest accommodating valve means adapted to open under the increase in pressure of the combustion products to allow said combustion products to pass from the'combustion chamber into the valve chest.
  • the valve chest may be adapted to communicate with the article forming chamber, and the said article may be disposed within said chamber with the open end of the article engaging a sealing element so that the expanding gases pass via said sealing element into said article whereby on expansion of the tube, the open end of the article is expanded away from the seal element thereby allowing the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber to pass via said tube interior to exhaust portsleading to the atmosphere.
  • the method and apparatus described above produces rapid expansion of the articles substantially uniformly over the collapsible walls thereof, thereby decreasing the magnitude of the discontinuities produced within the wall structure itself and providing an article less likely to rupture during service.
  • FIGURE is a diagrammatic cross-section through apparatus for expanding tubes in accordance with the present invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a cylindrical combustion chamber 11 disposed, in the accompanying drawing, with its axis substantially horizontal.
  • The-rearward end 12 of combustion chamber 1 1 is closed by cap 13 comprising a disc portion 14 with a forwardly extending cycombustion chamber 11.
  • the cap 13 also carries an inlet valve 21 disposed radially with respect to heater 17 in a position substantially intermediate the longitudinal axis of combustion chamber 11 and the inner surface of the cylindrical wall of said chamber 11.
  • the inlet valve' debouches' into plenum chamber22 which communicates with helical tube 18 by means of interconnecting tube 23 formed integral therewith so that in operation a combustible gaseous mixture can be supplied via inlet valve 21 through plenum chamber 22 to helical conduit 18.
  • the end cap 13 further accommodates (in the diameter containing valve 21, an igniter 24 constituted by an automobile sparking plug, the igniter 24 being disposed on the side of heater l7 opposite to valve 21.
  • the forward end of the combustion chamber carries a second closure cap 25 having a rearwardly extending cylindrical skirt 70 which is similarly screw threaded by means of thread 71 to the forward end of chamber 11.
  • the forward closure cap 25 has a central bore 26 adapted to debouch into a substantially cylindrical valve chest 27.
  • the valve chest 27 has a cylindrical compartment 28 and the rearward end of valve chest 27 has an'inwardly projecting annular flange constituting a valve seat 29 of generally fr'usto-conical form extending from the forward extremity of the cylindrical bore in cap 25.
  • the valve chest 27 is provided towards itsforward end with a support 30 of substantial thickness, said support 30 having a central bore '31 which ac commodates a stem 32 of 'a poppet valve 33 having a disc-like head 34 adapted to engage with valve seat 29, the arrangement being such that the cylindrical valve chest 27, the stem 32 and the disc-like valve head 34 are substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of combustion chamber 11.
  • the valve stem 32 extends forwardly of the cylindrical valve chest 27.
  • the poppet valve 33-. is "spring loaded by means of compression spring 35 rearwardly of support 30 so that the valve head 34 engages seat 29.
  • the support 30 is provided with a plurality of expansion ports 36 for the passage of gases in a forward direction.
  • the valve chest 27 carries at its forward end a forwardly extending cylindricalportion 43 having a central bore 45 capable ofaccommodating the stem 32 of valve 33 when the valve head 34 is withdrawn forwardly from its datum position abutting seat 29.
  • the cylindrical portion 43 has at its forward end a frusto-conical seal element 44.
  • the valve chest 27 is releaseably connected, by means of a quick release mechanism (not shown) with a tube forming chamber comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion 51 having a frusto-conical cavity 52 extending from its rearward end 53 and tapering towards its forward end 54.
  • the forward end is closed by a head piece 55 a central portion of which defines the forward extremity of chamber 52 and is contoured and recessed at 56 to accommodate the shoulder and closure portion of a collapsible tube.
  • the forming chamber is arranged toextend to encompass the tube seal element 44 in the end of the tube forming chamber of maximum dimension.
  • the tube-forming chamber also has a plurality of radial exhaust ports 57 towards its rearward end the arrangement being such that gases introduced into the forming chamber via conduit 45 'may, after expansion ofany tube disposed therein, pass rearwardly about 'seal 44 to be exhausted from the chamber by means of exhaust ports 57.
  • a collapsible tube 60 having cylindrical walls, is disposed within the forming chamber with its open end 61 engagingseal 44 and the closure of the tube being accommodated within the recess 56 in the head piece 55 of the tube forming chamber.
  • a combus tible gaseous mixture typically natural gas and air, is introduced into the combustion chamber ll'via inlet valve 21 to pass into plenum chamber 22 and into helical conduit 18 where the gaseous mixture is heated by means of heater 17.
  • the gaseous mixture debouches from the helical tube 18 by means of inlets 19 into chamber 11.
  • a spark'is then generated by igniter or spark plug 24 to propagate a combustion within the combustion chamber.
  • valve head 34 forwardly against the rearward spring loading of spring 35 to allow gases to pass suddenly and at high velocity from combustion chamber 11 via valve chest 27 and through conduit 45 extending forwardly of valve chest 27 and interiorly of tube 60.
  • the increased pressure causes the walls of the tube 60 to expand outwardly and rapidly to conform with the frusto-conical shape of the interior surface 52 of the forming chamber 51, the expansion unseating the rearward open end 61 of tube 60 from the tube seal'44 thereby permitting the exhaust gases to pass between the rearward end 61 and the tube seal 44 to the exhaust ports 57 for exhaust of the gases to the atmosphere.
  • a method of shaping articles which method comprises placing an article to be shaped in a forming chamber including a die surface of the desired shape,v
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 the further step of positioning the article having an open end portion on a seal and causing the products of combustion, subsequent to expansion of the article, to be emitted from ber on ignition of the mixture within the combustion chamber the pressure generated therein operates said valve means to cause combustion products to enter the forming chamber to expand at least a portion of the article against said die surface.
  • a combustion chamber has an inlet valve for the admission of a combustion mixture to the chamber and ignition means for igniting the mixture.
  • combustion chamber further includes heating means for heating the combustible mixture prior to ignition.
  • combustion chamber is interconnected to the forming chamber via valve means adapted to open under the influence of an increase in pressure to the combustion products to allow the combustion products to pass from the combustion chamber to the forming chamber.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 characterized in that the forming chamber includes asealing element for sealing with an open end of a hollow article.
  • a forming chamber includinga die surface and opposite end portions, one said portion arranged to receive a part of the article to be shaped and the other said portion arranged to support an open end of said article, said forming chamber also including exhaust ports adjacent to said other portion and a secondary ignition chamber in axial alignment with said forming chamber including overload valve means capable of being reciprocated from an inoperative closed position to an instantaneous open position upon explosion of a combustible mixture in said ignition chamber to thereby unseat said valve means to allow entry of the products of combustion resulting from the explosion into the article to thereby expand the same.

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
US415371A 1972-11-17 1973-11-13 High energy forming Expired - Lifetime US3908419A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5326472A GB1436538A (en) 1972-11-17 1972-11-17 Manufacture of articles such as collapsible tubes
GB835973 1973-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3908419A true US3908419A (en) 1975-09-30

Family

ID=26242122

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US415371A Expired - Lifetime US3908419A (en) 1972-11-17 1973-11-13 High energy forming

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3908419A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5630167B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE2357295A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2206988A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1436538A (fr)
IE (1) IE38754B1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1006642B (fr)
LU (1) LU68817A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0092889A2 (fr) * 1982-04-23 1983-11-02 Wavin B.V. Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication d'un tube en matière plastique pourvu d'un manchon, ainsi que le tube obtenu
US5895666A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-04-20 Thomassen & Drijver-Verblifa B.V. Device for remodelling a hollow object
US6315939B1 (en) * 1996-08-14 2001-11-13 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa Process for producing stretch blow formed plastic containers
US6796780B1 (en) * 1999-08-16 2004-09-28 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Device for the production of plastic containers by stretch blow forming using an explosive blowing medium
CN101970148B (zh) * 2008-01-31 2016-08-03 麦格纳国际公司 用于爆炸成型的装置

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5213711A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-02-02 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Code transmission system
DE2754666A1 (de) * 1977-12-08 1979-06-13 Hinapat Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines tubenrohlings
AT387515B (de) * 1979-04-06 1989-02-10 Uk Nii Protezirovania Protezos Verfahren zur herstellung von aufnahmehuelsen fuer an stuempfen anzubringende prothesen und gaskannone hiefuer
FR2491787A1 (fr) * 1980-10-14 1982-04-16 Uk I Protezirovani Procede d'emboutissage de pieces par charge impulsionnelle, canon a gaz pour sa mise en oeuvre, dispositif d'emboutissage utilisant ledit canon a gaz et pieces embouties obtenues conformement audit procede
US5220727A (en) * 1992-06-25 1993-06-22 Hochstein Peter A Method making cam shafts
GB9319499D0 (en) * 1993-09-21 1993-11-03 Brownbill Thomas D Improvements in and relating to the shaping of articles
US5406686A (en) * 1994-02-18 1995-04-18 Hochstein; Peter A. Deflagration apparatus for making a cam shaft
DE19606055A1 (de) * 1996-02-19 1997-08-28 Luckhardt Ohg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Halterung an einem Blechformteil aus dünnem Blech
EP0830907A3 (fr) * 1996-09-20 1998-09-23 Schmalbach-Lubeca AG Dispositif de clÔture pour un appareil de moulage par expansion
DE19638679A1 (de) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Schmalbach Lubeca Verschlußvorrichtung für Einrichtung zum Expansionsformen mit lanzenförmigem Stopfen
DE19638688A1 (de) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Schmalbach Lubeca Verschlußvorrichtung für Einrichtung zum Expansionsformen mit konischem Stopfen
DE102005025660B4 (de) * 2005-06-03 2015-10-15 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Explosionsumformen
DE102006037754B3 (de) 2006-08-11 2008-01-24 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Explosionsumformen
DE102006037742B4 (de) 2006-08-11 2010-12-09 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Explosionsumformen
DE102006056788B4 (de) 2006-12-01 2013-10-10 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Verschlusseinrichtung für das Explosionsumformen
DE102006060372A1 (de) 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Werkstück und Verfahren für das Explosionsumformen
US8443641B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2013-05-21 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Explosion forming system
DE102007007330A1 (de) 2007-02-14 2008-08-21 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Verfahren und Werkzeuganordnung zum Explosionsumformen
DE102007023669B4 (de) 2007-05-22 2010-12-02 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Zündeinrichtung für das Explosionsumformen
DE102007036196A1 (de) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Vorrichtung für die Zufuhr eines Fluids für Explosionsumformen
KR20110003559A (ko) * 2008-04-30 2011-01-12 마그나 인터내셔널 인코포레이티드 폭발 성형 시스템

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195334A (en) * 1960-12-27 1965-07-20 William S Filler Explosive forming of metals employing a conical shock tube
US3228222A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-01-11 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for the explosion forming of hollow objects, including such container elements as cups, cans, can ends
US3236080A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-02-22 Continental Can Co Procedure and device for the shaping of containers, container bodies or container parts, from a thin-walled first shape
US3252312A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-05-24 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for explosive reshaping of hollow ductile objects
US3342048A (en) * 1964-08-13 1967-09-19 Gen Am Transport Detonation wave forming machine
US3475229A (en) * 1968-04-22 1969-10-28 Chemotronics International Inc Process for treating articles of manufacture to eliminate superfluous projections
US3712022A (en) * 1970-11-02 1973-01-23 Continental Can Co Shock wave application of twist-off crowns

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195334A (en) * 1960-12-27 1965-07-20 William S Filler Explosive forming of metals employing a conical shock tube
US3236080A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-02-22 Continental Can Co Procedure and device for the shaping of containers, container bodies or container parts, from a thin-walled first shape
US3228222A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-01-11 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for the explosion forming of hollow objects, including such container elements as cups, cans, can ends
US3252312A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-05-24 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for explosive reshaping of hollow ductile objects
US3342048A (en) * 1964-08-13 1967-09-19 Gen Am Transport Detonation wave forming machine
US3475229A (en) * 1968-04-22 1969-10-28 Chemotronics International Inc Process for treating articles of manufacture to eliminate superfluous projections
US3712022A (en) * 1970-11-02 1973-01-23 Continental Can Co Shock wave application of twist-off crowns

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0092889A2 (fr) * 1982-04-23 1983-11-02 Wavin B.V. Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication d'un tube en matière plastique pourvu d'un manchon, ainsi que le tube obtenu
EP0092889A3 (fr) * 1982-04-23 1985-12-18 Wavin B.V. Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication d'un tube en matière plastique pourvu d'un manchon, ainsi que le tube obtenu
US6315939B1 (en) * 1996-08-14 2001-11-13 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa Process for producing stretch blow formed plastic containers
US5895666A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-04-20 Thomassen & Drijver-Verblifa B.V. Device for remodelling a hollow object
US6796780B1 (en) * 1999-08-16 2004-09-28 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Device for the production of plastic containers by stretch blow forming using an explosive blowing medium
CN101970148B (zh) * 2008-01-31 2016-08-03 麦格纳国际公司 用于爆炸成型的装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2357295A1 (de) 1974-05-30
JPS5630167B2 (fr) 1981-07-13
GB1436538A (en) 1976-05-19
IE38754B1 (en) 1978-05-24
LU68817A1 (fr) 1974-01-21
JPS5062A (fr) 1975-01-06
IT1006642B (it) 1976-10-20
IE38754L (en) 1974-05-17
FR2206988A1 (fr) 1974-06-14

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