US3902154A - Strain relief - Google Patents
Strain relief Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3902154A US3902154A US443730A US44373074A US3902154A US 3902154 A US3902154 A US 3902154A US 443730 A US443730 A US 443730A US 44373074 A US44373074 A US 44373074A US 3902154 A US3902154 A US 3902154A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- sides
- space
- termination
- tab
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
- H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type
- H01R4/2445—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type the contact members having additional means acting on the insulation or the wire, e.g. additional insulation penetrating means, strain relief means or wire cutting knives
- H01R4/2466—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type the contact members having additional means acting on the insulation or the wire, e.g. additional insulation penetrating means, strain relief means or wire cutting knives the contact members having a channel-shaped part, the opposite sidewalls of which comprise insulation-cutting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/58—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable
- H01R13/5804—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable comprising a separate cable clamping part
- H01R13/5808—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable comprising a separate cable clamping part formed by a metallic element crimped around the cable
Definitions
- a relief wire terminating system with particular regard to a strain relief means provided as an integral part of the system.
- side walls define a channel for receiving an insulated wire.
- a tab ex- 339/223 S, 97 R, 97 P, 98, 99 R tends from the top of each wall at an angle, downward References Cited and inward into the space.
- the tabs terminate in edges UNITED STATES PATENTS defining a wire passing space between them, and
- the invention relates to wire termination systems. It particularly relates to strain relief means' assoeiate'd with wire termination systems.
- strain relief means for connectors are .built into the insulators which retain the terminations and/or the contact members. In other cases, strain relief is accomplished by additional hardware such as clamps. These usually operate by squeezing or otherwise gripping the wire and holding it firm at a point to the rear of the point of termination. It is the general desire to avoid the transmittal of forces on the wire or movement of the wire to the point of actual termination.
- miniaturized high density connectors in fact of miniaturized electrical and electronic components in general, has produced problems in the design of strain relief means strong enough to be able to effec tively take up the strains expected, while being'constructed in the space and of the materials associated with such components. It is apparent that miniaturization means the use of small, thin, and relatively weak items. Yet, in use, the forces imposed on the item s usually are not proportionately reduced.
- the termination system described herein and particularly the strain relief means eliminate or reduce the majority of these problems while providing an economical form. It is especially useful with high density miniaturized connectors of the type commonly used in cable to-cable and rack and panel installations in telecommunications systems having the above specification. These items are required to be produced in very high volumes with severe criteria for reliability and adherence to specifications as noted above.
- a wire termination system in particular a strain relief as an integral part of the termination system where an insulated wire is retained in a wire receiving channel between side walls by tabs extending from the upper edge of the side walls angularly downward and converging.
- the terminal edges of the tabs are spaced apart defining a wire passing space between them for the installation of a wire therethrough and to resist take up strains imposed upon the wire.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial side view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial top view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view through line IVIV of FIG. 2 of a preferred embodiment of the invention. 7 v
- FIG. 5 is a sectional perspective view of a high contact density ribbon type connector employing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a high contact density ribbon type contact element employing a preferred embodiment of the invention with wires assembled.
- strain relief means of the invention is illustrated. as part of the wire receiving or termination portion of a ribbon type contact element employed as shown in FIG. 5 in a high contact density ribbon type connector.
- the ribbon type contact is formed from a single sheet of metal by punching, bending, forming and otherwise working the sheet into the desired shape.
- 0.006 inch thick cadmium bronze sheet metal is used.
- reference numerals having a sub- 0 refer to identical reversed items as are identified by the major numeral. In the discussion, only the major reference numeral will be cited, but it will be understood to also comprehend the sub -a numerals, unless otherwise noted.
- the wire receiving portion has a channel-like body defined by sides 2, and a bottom 3 into which the wire 4 is fitted.
- the wire 4 is terminated for electrical contact between the jaws 5, formed-in from the sides 2.
- a more detailed description of this termination means is contained in co-pending application Ser. No. 443,678 filed Feb. 19, I974.
- the strain relief means is located to the rear of the termination means and is separated therefrom by a slot 6, in the sides. This separation permits limited resilient flexing of the strain relief means without transmitting movement forwardly to the electrical termination points, as will be more fully explained later.
- the sides 2 in the strain relief area are spaced so as to easily but firmly receive the insulated wire 4 in the channel.
- Formed over from the top of the sides 2 are tabs 7. These tabs extend at an angle downward and convergently into the channel.
- the terminal edges 8 of the tabs are opposed and spaced apart a distance smaller than the wire intended to be received in the channel, defining between them a wire passing space and beneath them a wire receiving space.
- the wire passing space should be larger than the conductor of the wire but smaller than the outside diameter of the insulation of the wire.
- Dimples 9 are formed in the sides 2 immediately behind the tabs and substantially proximate to the terminal edges 8. It has been found preferable to form the tabs 7 in contact with the respective dimples 9.
- the wire passing space between the terminal edges 8 of the tabs 7 is 0.012 inches.
- the sides 2 are spaced apart 0.038 inch.
- the dimples 9 extend 0.003 inch into the wire receiving space.
- the diameter of 24 gauge solid wire is 0.020 inch. Due to the outward movement permitted as described below, the wire passing space after insertion is increased to about 0.023 inches.
- an insulated wire 4 is positioned over the strain relief portion and with a segment over the electrical termination portion.
- the wire 4 is then pushed downward into the channel usually by a specially designed apparatus.
- the wire 4 passes the tabs 7 and especially their terminal edges 8 they are urged to separate somewhat to permit it to pass.
- the diples 9 prevent collapse of the tabs 7 against the sides 2.
- the tabs 7 therefore retain their angular orientation convergently downward and into the wire receiving space.
- the wire is inserted into the channel, its insulative cover deforms elastically somewhat as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the terminal edges 8 be able to move apart somewhat to permit the wire to pass.
- this movement apart should be at least somewhat within the resiliency of the structure, and also should exploit the ability of the elastomeric insulative coating of the wire to deform/This could be achieved, in part, by forming the tabs 7 slightly away from the dimples 9, although it has been found preferable to form the tabs 7 touching the dimples 9. It may also be achieved by permitting slight outward movement of the sides 2 as they reside in the insulator 10 (FIG. 5). In order to prevent this movement and other strains from being transmitted to the termination portions, the slots 6 have been formed in the sides 2.
- FIG. 2 is a view taken at the section IV-IV shown in FIG. 2. Some deformation of the insulative cover of the wire is seen, indicating the type of snug fit achieved. The tabs 7 are firmly holding the wire in place against upward movement.
- the ribbon type contact element 11 is shown installed in an insulating high density connector body I0.
- the sides 2 of the strain relief are supported by ribs 12.
- the ribs 12 are formed slightly thinner providing a larger opening in order to permit the slight outward movement of the sides as the wire is inserted, as explained above.
- the fit in the ribs 12 is more intimate since movement there is undesirable.
- the strain relief means will absorb movements and forces which would degrade or destroy the efficacy of the electrical contact at the termination portion.
- a strain relief as an integral part of the termination system comprising,
- a wire passing means extending from the upper portion of at least one of the sides, defining a wire passing space effective to resiliently permit passage through it by movement transverse to its axis, of a wire having a diameter greater than the wire passing space and the wire passing means also defining a wire restraining space below it in the channel for restraining movement out of the channel of a wire inserted in the wire restraining space.
- wire passing means is a tab extending from the upper edge of at least one side angularly downward into the wire receiving space and toward the other side and terminating to define the wire passing space.
- a strain relief means as an integral part of the contact element comprising;
- tab means extending from the upper edge of each side oppositely and convergently into the wire receiving channel at an angle downward and away from their respective sides and terminating to define a wire restraining space below them and a narrowed wire passing space between them; the tab means being effective to resiliently permit passage through the wire passing space of a wire having a diameter greater than the wire passing space, moved transversely of its axis, and to restrain movement out of the channel of a wire inserted into the wire restraining space.
- the electrical connector of claim 6 further comprising means permitting limited resilient outward movement of the terminal ends of the tab means when a wire is passed downward past them into the wire restraining space.
- the insulating housing has integral walls adjacent the sides of each contact for locating the contact elements and which walls are spaced slightly away from the contact elements at the area of the sides of the strain relief means in order to permit slight movement of the sides and thereby at least in part the resilient movement of the terminal ends of the tab means.
- the insulating housing has integral walls adjacent the sides of each contact for locating the contact elements and which walls are spaced slightly away from the contact elements at the area of the sides of the strain relief means in order to permit slight flexing of the sides and thereby at least in part the resilient movement of the terminal ends of the tab means.
- the electrical connector of claim 10 wherein the contact elements are arranged in at least one row and the walls are defined by ribs separating the contact elements in the row.
- a ribbon type electrical contact element formed from thin sheet comprising;
- a termination portion comprising a termination means and a strain relief means and spaced apart facing sides defining a wire receiving channel
- the termination means comprising at least one pair of wire contacting jaws, the jaws being oppositely positioned and formed-in from the sides and extending into the wire receiving channel;
- the strain relief means comprising;
- tab means extending oppositely from the upper edge of each side angularly downward and convergently into the wire receiving channel and terminating to define a wire passing space between them and a wire restraining space below them; the tab means being effective to resiliently permit passage through the wire passing space of a wire having a diameter greater than the wire passing space. moved transversely of its axis, and to restrain movement out of the channel of a wire inserted into the wire restraining space;
- protuberances in each of the sides extending into the wire receiving channel adjacently behind and toward the tab means in order to limit their outward movement relative to the sides.
- the contact element of claim 12 further comprising slots in the sides separating the strain relief means from the termination means.
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US443730A US3902154A (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-02-19 | Strain relief |
GB48672/74A GB1490198A (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-11 | Electrical termination system |
SE7414500A SE7414500L (ja) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-19 | |
CA214,229A CA1027199A (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-20 | Termination system incorporating a strain relief for an electrical contact |
FR7439074A FR2261631A1 (ja) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-28 | |
NL7415565A NL7415565A (nl) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-29 | Spanningontlastorgaan. |
BE151018A BE822788A (fr) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-29 | Dispositif de branchement de fils comprenant un dispositif de stabilisation |
IT30005/74A IT1026656B (it) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-11-29 | Mezzi di scarico delle sollecitazioni |
DK629174A DK629174A (ja) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-12-03 | |
JP49137841A JPS50114593A (ja) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-12-03 | |
DE2456977A DE2456977C3 (de) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-12-03 | Verbinder für eine Anzahl von einzelnen isolierten Leitern |
NO744355A NO744355L (ja) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-12-03 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US443730A US3902154A (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-02-19 | Strain relief |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3902154A true US3902154A (en) | 1975-08-26 |
Family
ID=23761961
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US443730A Expired - Lifetime US3902154A (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-02-19 | Strain relief |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3902154A (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS50114593A (ja) |
BE (1) | BE822788A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1027199A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2456977C3 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK629174A (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2261631A1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB1490198A (ja) |
IT (1) | IT1026656B (ja) |
NL (1) | NL7415565A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO744355L (ja) |
SE (1) | SE7414500L (ja) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3993391A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1976-11-23 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Electrical contact for stripless cable connections |
US4159156A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1979-06-26 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Crimped, insulation-pierce electrical connection and method and apparatus for making the connection |
US4168876A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1979-09-25 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Electrical connector structures for facilitated solder attachment of flat conductors |
US4208083A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1980-06-17 | Trw Inc. | Solderless electrical connector |
US4264118A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1981-04-28 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Insulation-pierce and crimp termination and method for effecting same |
US4288918A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1981-09-15 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Method and apparatus for making a crimped, insulation-pierce electrical connection |
US4291935A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1981-09-29 | Socapex | Self-stripping contact element for a connector |
US4373769A (en) * | 1975-08-20 | 1983-02-15 | Allied Corporation | Electrical connector including insulation-opening contact |
US4392701A (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1983-07-12 | Amp Incorporated | Tap connector assembly |
WO1983002688A1 (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1983-08-04 | Derek Hayes | Electrical coupling device |
US4480385A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1984-11-06 | Allied Corporation | Tool and method for terminating electrical conductors in contact members |
US4648679A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-03-10 | Allied Corporation | Connector assembly for mass termination |
US5314351A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-05-24 | Yazaki Corporation | Pressure connection terminal |
EP1168502A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-02 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | An insulation-displacement terminal fitting |
US6354863B2 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2002-03-12 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | Insulation-displacement terminal fitting and a production method therefor |
US6413116B2 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2002-07-02 | Entrelec S.A. | Insulation-displacement connection piece |
US6435899B2 (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2002-08-20 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | Insulation-displacement terminal fitting and production method therefor |
US6475018B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-11-05 | Yea Yen Huang | Terminal for assembling wires of different diameters |
US20100304601A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-02 | Compal Electronics, Inc. | Electrical connector and terminal-connecting element thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2436510A2 (fr) * | 1978-01-23 | 1980-04-11 | Nozick Jacques | Element de contact electrique a connexion auto-denudante |
FR2415374A1 (fr) * | 1978-01-23 | 1979-08-17 | Nozick Jacques | Element de contact electrique a connexion auto-denudante |
FR2459581A2 (fr) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-01-09 | Cit Alcatel | Connecteur electrique autodenudant pour fil ou cable |
FR2461374A2 (fr) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-01-30 | Cit Alcatel | Connecteur electrique autodenudant pour fil ou cable |
JPS6057066U (ja) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-20 | 日本端子株式会社 | 電気接続子 |
DE3912273A1 (de) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-10-18 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Verbinder fuer isolierte leiter |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2668279A (en) * | 1950-06-17 | 1954-02-02 | Epstein Hirsch | Electrical conductor terminal with strain relieving means |
US3824530A (en) * | 1972-12-05 | 1974-07-16 | Amp Inc | Installation of electrical connectors on wires intermediate the ends thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3243757A (en) * | 1964-01-20 | 1966-03-29 | Amp Inc | Electrical connections |
DE1996081U (de) * | 1968-03-01 | 1968-11-07 | Siemens Ag | Klemmelement zum anschluss isolierter elektrischer leiter. |
FR1596623A (ja) * | 1968-10-16 | 1970-06-22 | ||
US3760331A (en) * | 1969-03-14 | 1973-09-18 | Amp Inc | Electrical connecting device for insulated wires |
DE2023171B1 (de) * | 1970-05-12 | 1971-08-26 | Krone Kg | Elektrische Klemmanschlussverbindung |
DE7212035U (de) * | 1972-03-29 | 1972-06-29 | Siemens Ag | Klemmelement zum abisolierfreien Anschluß elektrischer Leiter |
-
1974
- 1974-02-19 US US443730A patent/US3902154A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-11-11 GB GB48672/74A patent/GB1490198A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-19 SE SE7414500A patent/SE7414500L/xx unknown
- 1974-11-20 CA CA214,229A patent/CA1027199A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-28 FR FR7439074A patent/FR2261631A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-11-29 NL NL7415565A patent/NL7415565A/xx unknown
- 1974-11-29 IT IT30005/74A patent/IT1026656B/it active
- 1974-11-29 BE BE151018A patent/BE822788A/xx unknown
- 1974-12-03 JP JP49137841A patent/JPS50114593A/ja active Pending
- 1974-12-03 DK DK629174A patent/DK629174A/da unknown
- 1974-12-03 DE DE2456977A patent/DE2456977C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-12-03 NO NO744355A patent/NO744355L/no unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2668279A (en) * | 1950-06-17 | 1954-02-02 | Epstein Hirsch | Electrical conductor terminal with strain relieving means |
US3824530A (en) * | 1972-12-05 | 1974-07-16 | Amp Inc | Installation of electrical connectors on wires intermediate the ends thereof |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4373769A (en) * | 1975-08-20 | 1983-02-15 | Allied Corporation | Electrical connector including insulation-opening contact |
US3993391A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1976-11-23 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Electrical contact for stripless cable connections |
US4159156A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1979-06-26 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Crimped, insulation-pierce electrical connection and method and apparatus for making the connection |
US4288918A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1981-09-15 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Method and apparatus for making a crimped, insulation-pierce electrical connection |
US4208083A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1980-06-17 | Trw Inc. | Solderless electrical connector |
US4168876A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1979-09-25 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Electrical connector structures for facilitated solder attachment of flat conductors |
US4291935A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1981-09-29 | Socapex | Self-stripping contact element for a connector |
US4264118A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1981-04-28 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Insulation-pierce and crimp termination and method for effecting same |
US4480385A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1984-11-06 | Allied Corporation | Tool and method for terminating electrical conductors in contact members |
US4392701A (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1983-07-12 | Amp Incorporated | Tap connector assembly |
WO1983002688A1 (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1983-08-04 | Derek Hayes | Electrical coupling device |
US4648679A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-03-10 | Allied Corporation | Connector assembly for mass termination |
US5314351A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-05-24 | Yazaki Corporation | Pressure connection terminal |
US6413116B2 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2002-07-02 | Entrelec S.A. | Insulation-displacement connection piece |
US6354863B2 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2002-03-12 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | Insulation-displacement terminal fitting and a production method therefor |
US6435899B2 (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2002-08-20 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | Insulation-displacement terminal fitting and production method therefor |
EP1168502A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-02 | Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. | An insulation-displacement terminal fitting |
US6475018B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-11-05 | Yea Yen Huang | Terminal for assembling wires of different diameters |
US20100304601A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-02 | Compal Electronics, Inc. | Electrical connector and terminal-connecting element thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE7414500L (ja) | 1975-08-20 |
FR2261631A1 (ja) | 1975-09-12 |
JPS50114593A (ja) | 1975-09-08 |
IT1026656B (it) | 1978-10-20 |
NL7415565A (nl) | 1975-08-21 |
NO744355L (ja) | 1975-08-20 |
DE2456977C3 (de) | 1983-03-17 |
CA1027199A (en) | 1978-02-28 |
DE2456977B2 (de) | 1978-06-15 |
GB1490198A (en) | 1977-10-26 |
DK629174A (ja) | 1975-10-27 |
BE822788A (fr) | 1975-03-14 |
DE2456977A1 (de) | 1975-08-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LABINAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS, INC., A DE CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TRW INC., A CORP. OF OH;REEL/FRAME:004853/0501 Effective date: 19871224 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES) |