US3900413A - Reactive developer for electrophotography - Google Patents
Reactive developer for electrophotography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3900413A US3900413A US367402A US36740273A US3900413A US 3900413 A US3900413 A US 3900413A US 367402 A US367402 A US 367402A US 36740273 A US36740273 A US 36740273A US 3900413 A US3900413 A US 3900413A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carrier liquid
- developer
- substance
- liquid
- substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(O)=O MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinalizarin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1O VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-furoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KSPIHGBHKVISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylcarbazide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NNC(=O)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 KSPIHGBHKVISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JXIBBDXEOBGWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper 2-nonoxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound C(C=1C(C(=O)[O-])=CC=CC1)(=O)OCCCCCCCCC.[Cu+2].C(CCCCCCCC)OC(C=1C(C(=O)[O-])=CC=CC1)=O JXIBBDXEOBGWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BNSNUHPJRKTRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dianilinothiourea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NNC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 BNSNUHPJRKTRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940043350 citral Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 FUMARIC Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001530105 Anax Species 0.000 description 3
- HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alizarin red S Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2O HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004337 hydroquinone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-FYWRMAATSA-N (2e)-2-hydroxyimino-1,2-diphenylethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=N/O)\C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-FYWRMAATSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUXCALIDMIIJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;4-amino-3-[[4-[4-[(1-amino-4-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylphenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)N=NC=3C(=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)C)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 SUXCALIDMIIJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003041 laboratory chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940005561 1,4-benzoquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTLXPCBPYBNQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyanthraquinone Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O BTLXPCBPYBNQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018563 3-aminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-{[(4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(ethyl)azaniumyl]methyl}benzene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](C)C)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTRXDTYTAAKVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-{[ethyl({4-[(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene})azaniumyl]methyl}benzene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 CTRXDTYTAAKVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002696 acid base indicator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K amaranth Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C12=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GXCSNALCLRPEAS-CFYXSCKTSA-N azane (Z)-hydroxyimino-oxido-phenylazanium Chemical compound N.O\N=[N+](/[O-])c1ccccc1 GXCSNALCLRPEAS-CFYXSCKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin alpha-oxime Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=NO)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OBRMNDMBJQTZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cresol red Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 OBRMNDMBJQTZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004720 dielectrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004001 molecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KNXJJBFMNGIONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-(5-methylpyridazino[3,4-b][1,4]benzoxazin-3-yl)oxyethanamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.CN1C2=CC=CC=C2OC2=C1C=C(OCCN(CC)CC)N=N2 KNXJJBFMNGIONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxy-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound O=NN(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRZRRZAVMCAKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthionic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 NRZRRZAVMCAKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N safranin Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=C(N)C(C)=CC2=NC2=CC(C)=C(N)C=C2[N+]=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004961 triphenylmethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
- G03G9/1355—Ionic, organic compounds
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a liquid developer composition for electrophotography in which the developer particles are reactively produced in situ in the carrier liquid by thereaction of an electrically insulative substance with an electrically conductive substance.
- controlled development in which a substance was added tothe liquid developer which controlled, enhanced or retarded the migration of particles or aggregates to the image either to produce a negative, positive or neutral result.
- the mechanism for controlling the movement of particles in an electrically insulating liquid in the presence of a field is a complex one and many factors must be considered if the, best results are to be obtained. These factors include for example, the ionic double layer.
- An object of the present invention is to make developer particles and aggregates within an insulating carrier liquid in order to exclude the possibility of oxidation or other unwanted contamination due to exposure to air or other contaminating gas, other objects being to make particles or aggregates within the carrier liquid so as to exclude the difficulties ordinarily encountered in wetting dry pigments and powders properly with resins, oils and the like so as to achieve control of their migration in the liquid when under the, influence of an electric field or when subjected to selective chemisorption by the surfaces on which they are placed, and also to associate the particles with adhesives or fixatives or chemically combining agents which enable the total-aggregates which are produced by the method to be fixed to the receiving surface.
- Another object is to clean the carrier liquid prior to the developer formation.
- the objects are achieved by placing into a solvent, at least two substances one of which is a relative insulator and the other is a relative conductor, which sub inces are dissolved to form a fine developer complex by reaction.
- the solvent and complex so produced may be suspended in a carrier liquid which has the effect of forming crystals or aggregates to result in larger developer particles which will not contaminate the carrier liquid.
- the initial complex may be too fine to be suitable as a developer, compounded crystal or combined molecule which form are highly suitable as a developer.
- the carrier liquid must of course have an electrical resistivity sufficiently high, such as ohm. centimetre, to insure that the latent electrostatic image, if such is being developed, is not destroyed duringdevelopment, and this is so with the basic solvent also, which of course can be the carrier liquid.
- the invention thus comprises the formation of a particulate developer consisting of pigment material having a charge characteristic such that the particles formed by the combined dissolved substances form an effective developer, without the particles being themselves true insulators at the interface with the carrier liquid.
- Such developers can be very useful under conditions where for instance the developer is used with a bias field, and such a method of development has been previously described in an earlier application of ours in which however the field was reversed during development to attain an effect somewhat along the lines of the present invention, but of course by a different system of development, in that it was a field which was reversed during development whereas according to the present invention the developer is given sufficient conductivity that there can be a charge exchange during the time of development, and some particles can first be drawn down and can then be repelled when charge exchange takes place, but other particles can move down so that there is an agitation of the developer particles which during development tends to cause particles to go down and to then dislodge, but by maintaining a correct balance between conductivity and insulating value of the particles the rate of charge exchange can be so controlled that the most effective development according to the system in which the developer is used can be attained.
- a first substance is selected which does not impair the electrical resistivity of a selected insulating liquid when dissolved or contained therein, for example:- 1(a) QUlNALlZARlN (l,2,5,8- TETRA' HYDROX- YANTHRAQUINONE) l grrn.
- This material is dissolved in Esso '100 Solvent in the proportions of l gram in l00 millilitres of Esso 100.
- a second substance is selected which does change the electrical resistivity of the insulating liquid when dissolved therein, for example:-
- the solids may be concentrated without drying out for example by centrifuging or by electrostatic precipitation within the liquid.
- the concentrate may be re-dispersed when required in further lsopar G or other insulating liquid of similar solvent .power,
- the developer may be further improved by removing any excess cobalt octoate by washing the concentrate with lsopar G and filtering without permitting the filter cake to dry before re-dispersion in fresh lsopar G.
- the lsopar G should be purified by distillation before use. It will be appreciated that the quinalizarin can be tolerated in excess in the carrier liquid but the cobalt octoate when present in excess of the amount needed to form the complex has progressively greater effect on the charge dissipating properties of the carrier liquid.
- Esso 100 is a hydrocarbon solvent supplied by Esso Chemicals boiling range l56-l7lC aromatic content 98.9 flash point l00 F specific gravity 0.874.
- lsopar G is a hydrocarbon solvent supplied by Esso Chemicals boiling range l58l77C aromatic con- V tent 0.20 flash point I03F specific gravity 0.750.
- EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3
- the quinalizarin is replaced by AN THRANILIC AClD (O-AMINOBENZOIC ACID) which is soluble in lsopar G carrier liquid, and a complex is formed by reacting the anthranilic acid with cobalt octoate or the like.
- AN THRANILIC AClD O-AMINOBENZOIC ACID
- lsopar H is a hydrocarbon liquid with a boiling range l74l 9 1C), Aromatic content 0.20, and Flash point l20F.
- EXAMPLE 6 In Example 5, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is added to the Esso I millilitres of the ether to 100 ml Esso 100) to produce an intensified colour.
- EXAMPLE 8 In Example 1, the quinalizarin is replaced by hydroquinone dissolved in tetralin and a triple complex is produced by reaction with zinc, lead, manganese, or zirconium salts.
- Example 1 the cobalt octoate is replaced by ferric chloride dissolved in triethylphosphate.
- EXAMPLE 12 In Example 1 l, the Esso 100 is replaced by myristic acid, lauric acid or stearic acid asa solvent for the tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.
- EXAMPLE 14 Naphthalene 2 sulphonic acid is dissolved in tetralin and reacted with metal soaps prior to dispersion in a suitable insulating carrier liquid such as lsopar G.
- EXAMPLE 15 a benzoin oxime (cupron) is reacted with iron salts to form a complex.
- EXAMPLE l6 CUPFERRON Ammonium salt of N-nitroso phenyl hydroxylamine
- benzophenone phenyl ketone
- EXAMPLE l 8 The following dyes are reacted in solution for example ethylene glycol monobutyl ether with sumdiphenylcarbazide to produce complex colour changes and toner particles:-
- Kiton Fast Red 4BLN (CIBA-GEIGY AUSTRALIA) (renamed Erio Red 4BL) is an insoluble acid azo dye, one of a general class of metal free azo pigments (i.e. pure azo organic compound without any metal or inorganic component).
- Cresol Red is an ortho-cresolsulphonphthalein acidbase indicator dye B.D.I-I. (U.K.) D.H.A./ANAX AUST.
- Disulphine Blue is a triphenylmethane acid blue reversible oxidation reduction indicator dye. Colour Index No.: 42045 I.C.I.A.N.Z.
- Brilliant Green 16546 is a triphenylmethane class dye. Colour Index No.: 42040, Basic Green 1 George T. Gurr, U.I(. London Erioglancine (Alphazurine) is a triphenylmethane acid blue reversible oxidation reduction indicator dye. C.I. No.: 42045 B.D.H. Laboratory Chemicals Division, U.K. (D.H.A./ANAX AUST.)
- Benzopurpioriul (48), (Eclipse Red; fast scarlet; azamin 43; cotton red) is a red substantive indicator dye formed by combining naphthionic acid with diazo compound of ortho-toliudine sodium 0- tolidinediazo-bis (naphthylaminesulphonate) MERCK & CO., INC., RAHWAY, NJ. U.S.A.
- Eosin (Y) is a tetrabromofluorescienadsorption indicator dye Colour Index No. 45380 Eastman Kodak, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
- Rhodamine (B) is a basic dye formed from the condensation of phthalic anhydride with m-aminophenol or its derivatives.
- a developer for electrophotography comprising an insulating carrier liquid having an electrical resistivity of at least ohm-centimeter and developer particles suspended in said carrier liquid and being electrically conductive so as to be movable in the carrier liquid under the influence of an electrical field, said developer particles being reactively produced in situ in said carrier liquid and being constituted by the reaction product of at least two substances both soluble in said carrier liquid, one being a substance which is electrically insulative relative to the carrier liquid and which does not reduce the electrical resistivity of the carrier liquid when dissolved therein, the other substance being a substance which is electrically conductive relative to the carrier liquid and reduces the electrical resistivity of the carrier liquid when dissolved therein, said substances forming, when in dissolved state in said carrier liquid said conductive developer particles, the relative quantities of said two substances being so selected that there is no surplus of the relatively conductive substance after reaction in the carrier liquid to insure that the resistivity of the carrier liquid is not lowered in its insulating value, said developer particles by virtue of being formed in said carrier liquid being shielded against
- a developer according to claim 1 further comprising a further solvent dissolved in said carrier liquid and also having an electrical resistivity in excess of 10 ohm centimetre but having a lowersolvent power than the carrier liquid whereby to increase the size of the developerparticles which are formed.
- a developer according to claim 1 comprising a second solvent dissolved in said carrier liquid and also an electrical insulator but of lower solvent power than said carrier liquid whereby to increase the size of the developer particles which are formed.
- a method for making a developer for electrophotography of the type comprising an insulating carrier liquid having conductive developer particles suspended therein capable of being moved in an electrical field, said method comprising reactively producing the developer particles by placing into a carrier liquid having an electrical resistivity in excess of 10 ohm.
- a method according to claim 7 comprising diluting the conductive developer so formed with a further solvent also having an electrical resistivity in excess of l() ohm. centimeter but having a lower solvent power than the carrier liquid in order to increase the size of the developer particles which are formed.
- a developer according to claim 8 comprising dyeing at least one of the said substances before dissolution in the carrier liquid to give a selected color.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPA934172 | 1972-06-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3900413A true US3900413A (en) | 1975-08-19 |
Family
ID=3765122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367402A Expired - Lifetime US3900413A (en) | 1972-06-15 | 1973-06-06 | Reactive developer for electrophotography |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3900413A (cs) |
| JP (1) | JPS4952645A (cs) |
| BE (1) | BE800927A (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA990567A (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE2330006A1 (cs) |
| FR (1) | FR2189780B1 (cs) |
| GB (1) | GB1436775A (cs) |
| IT (1) | IT986465B (cs) |
| NL (1) | NL7308274A (cs) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4024084A (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1977-05-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Dispersion for applying solid particles on surfaces by an electrophotographic process |
| US4935328A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-06-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Monofunctional amines as adjuvant for liquid electrostatic developers |
| US20040242749A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-12-02 | Rainer Schirmer | Lamp-capping cement for electric lamps |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2826127A1 (de) * | 1978-06-15 | 1979-12-20 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zur herstellung von elektrophotographischen suspensionsentwicklern |
| US20100330380A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2010-12-30 | John Colreavy | Organosilane Coating Compositions and Use Thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3639243A (en) * | 1966-11-21 | 1972-02-01 | Ricoh Kk | Liquid developer electrophotography |
| US3720619A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1973-03-13 | Mita Industrial Co Ltd | Liquid developer for electrophotography containing the reaction product of a dyestuff and a fatty acid |
| US3753760A (en) * | 1970-01-30 | 1973-08-21 | Hunt P | Liquid electrostatic development using an amphipathic molecule |
-
1973
- 1973-06-06 US US367402A patent/US3900413A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-06-07 CA CA173,442A patent/CA990567A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-06-07 GB GB2726573A patent/GB1436775A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-06-13 DE DE2330006A patent/DE2330006A1/de active Pending
- 1973-06-14 NL NL7308274A patent/NL7308274A/xx unknown
- 1973-06-14 IT IT68761/73A patent/IT986465B/it active
- 1973-06-14 BE BE132282A patent/BE800927A/xx unknown
- 1973-06-14 JP JP48068228A patent/JPS4952645A/ja active Pending
- 1973-06-15 FR FR7321951A patent/FR2189780B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3639243A (en) * | 1966-11-21 | 1972-02-01 | Ricoh Kk | Liquid developer electrophotography |
| US3720619A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1973-03-13 | Mita Industrial Co Ltd | Liquid developer for electrophotography containing the reaction product of a dyestuff and a fatty acid |
| US3753760A (en) * | 1970-01-30 | 1973-08-21 | Hunt P | Liquid electrostatic development using an amphipathic molecule |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4024084A (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1977-05-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Dispersion for applying solid particles on surfaces by an electrophotographic process |
| US4935328A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-06-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Monofunctional amines as adjuvant for liquid electrostatic developers |
| US20040242749A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-12-02 | Rainer Schirmer | Lamp-capping cement for electric lamps |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE800927A (fr) | 1973-10-01 |
| FR2189780B1 (cs) | 1977-09-09 |
| GB1436775A (en) | 1976-05-26 |
| JPS4952645A (cs) | 1974-05-22 |
| IT986465B (it) | 1975-01-30 |
| FR2189780A1 (cs) | 1974-01-25 |
| NL7308274A (cs) | 1973-12-18 |
| DE2330006A1 (de) | 1973-12-20 |
| CA990567A (en) | 1976-06-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2877133A (en) | Electrostatic photography | |
| JPH0245661B2 (cs) | ||
| EP0215978B1 (en) | Liquid electrophoretic developer composition | |
| JPS60121458A (ja) | 静電像現像用液体現像剤 | |
| EP0132718B1 (en) | Liquid developers for electrostatic images | |
| EP0176629B1 (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images | |
| US3081263A (en) | Precipitation of particulate or molecular materials in electrostatic developing | |
| US3135695A (en) | Liquid developers for electrostatic photography | |
| US4155862A (en) | Liquid developer for color electrophotography and process for preparation of the same | |
| US3766072A (en) | Edge and latitude developer | |
| EP0114419B1 (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images | |
| US3900413A (en) | Reactive developer for electrophotography | |
| US4639404A (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images | |
| US4526852A (en) | Liquid developer for developing electrostatic charge images and process for its preparation | |
| JPS59104663A (ja) | 静電荷像現像用キヤリア | |
| DE2212495A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektrophotographischen Fluessigentwicklern | |
| US3507794A (en) | Electrostatic photography systems | |
| US3992311A (en) | Reactive developer for electrophotography | |
| US5206107A (en) | Siloxane surfactants as liquid developer additives | |
| JPH08160675A (ja) | 湿式トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
| US3505231A (en) | Liquid developer for xerography | |
| US3325409A (en) | Toner for electrophotography | |
| Croucher et al. | Material and physicochemical properties of electrostatically-based liquid developers | |
| JPH0368959A (ja) | トナー組成物の調製方法 | |
| US3275556A (en) | Developer composition for electro-photographic images |