US3900309A - Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders - Google Patents

Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900309A
US3900309A US389603A US38960373A US3900309A US 3900309 A US3900309 A US 3900309A US 389603 A US389603 A US 389603A US 38960373 A US38960373 A US 38960373A US 3900309 A US3900309 A US 3900309A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
particles
powders
psc
mesh
finer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US389603A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hung-Chi Chao
John H Gross
Robert R Judd
Roger L Rueckl
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United States Steel Corp
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United States Steel Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Priority to US389603A priority Critical patent/US3900309A/en
Priority to US05/441,609 priority patent/US3954461A/en
Priority to AU71534/74A priority patent/AU486846B2/en
Priority to AR254976A priority patent/AR201605A1/es
Priority to GB3465074A priority patent/GB1475421A/en
Priority to BE147425A priority patent/BE818640A/xx
Priority to SE7410336A priority patent/SE7410336L/xx
Priority to FR7428096A priority patent/FR2245439B1/fr
Priority to JP9206674A priority patent/JPS5737641B2/ja
Priority to DE2438841A priority patent/DE2438841A1/de
Priority to ES429260A priority patent/ES429260A1/es
Priority to IT69548/74A priority patent/IT1016831B/it
Priority to BR6686/74A priority patent/BR7406686D0/pt
Priority to HU74UE53A priority patent/HU178361B/hu
Priority to DD180521A priority patent/DD113314A5/xx
Priority to NO742934A priority patent/NO142337C/no
Priority to CA207,148A priority patent/CA1041324A/en
Priority to CS745721A priority patent/CS204987B2/cs
Priority to YU02245/74A priority patent/YU224574A/xx
Priority to PL1974173529A priority patent/PL113721B1/pl
Priority to NL7411023A priority patent/NL7411023A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3900309A publication Critical patent/US3900309A/en
Assigned to USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling

Definitions

  • the apparent density of molding-grade, water atomized steel powder can be significantly increased by employing the following prescribed treatment. Coarse particles are removed in order that at least 80% of the initial powders are finer than 80 mesh. The size distribution of the powders is then determined. The powders are then annealed to both reduce the carbon and oxygen contents and soften the particles. The annealed and agglomerated particles are then ground in a disk mill at specified speeds and gap spacings, depending on the size distribution of the initial powders. Apparent densities in excess of 3.2 may be achieved by (a) employing powders with a coarser particle size distribution, (1)) increasing the rotational speed of the disks and (c) decreasing the mill gap.
  • PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH APPARENT DENSITY WATER ATOMIZED STEEL POWDERS This invention is directed to an economical method for the production of water atomized steel powders with a high apparent density, and more particularly to a method for increasing the apparent density of such water atomized particles.
  • metal powders may be produced by (a) electrolytic deposition. (b) direct reduction of metal oxides. (c) reduction of metal halides. and by (d) atomization with high pressure fluids. e.; water and inert gases.
  • high pressure fluids e.; water and inert gases.
  • metal oxide reduction and water atomization are considerably more economical.
  • steel powders that are water atomized have a generally lower metalloid contentsWater atomized powders also exhibit better flow rates. i.e. better pressfeeding efficiency and therefore permit higher production rates'in the production of'powder-metallurgy partsj U.S. Pat. No.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation showing the effect of particle size distribution, disk'speed and a millgap of l/l6-inch 0n apparent density.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation showing the effect of particle size distribution, disk speed and a millgap of l/64-inch on apparent density.
  • the method of this invention is applicable to wateratomized steel powders from virtually any source.
  • Water-atomized steel powders generally contain impurities, primarily in the form of oxides, that must be removed before the powder has commercial value for the production of powder-metallurgical parts.
  • the final powders In order to produce steel powders with maximum compressibility, it is also desirable that the final powders have a carbon content below about 0.10%, and preferably below 0.01%.
  • Atomization by high pressure water jets results in rapid quenching of the liquid metal droplets during the early stage of the atomization process. Therefore, even if a relatively low carbon steel were employed (i.e. eliminating the need for decarburization) in the atomization process, it would still be necessary to anneal the powders to effect both softening and lowering the oxygen content thereof (to a value below about 0.2%).
  • the initial oxygen contents of the as-water-atomized particles is generally far in excess of 0.2%, generally about 1.0%.
  • the as-atomized particles will pack to a high apparent density, i.e. well in excess of 3.2 gm/cc.
  • Annealing is conducted at temperatures of 1400F to 2100F, in a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen or dissociated ammonia for a time sufficient to effect the desired softening and reduction of impurities.
  • This annealing treatment not only purifies the steel powder, but causes the particles to stick together in the form of a sintered cake, thereby necessitating a breaking up of the cake to return it to powder consistency. 1n the process of U.S. Pat. No.
  • the PSC of this powder would be 204.2/100, or 2.04.
  • Water atomized particles with PSC values of about 2.0 to 4.0 may be effectively employed in the instant process.
  • a Disk Attrition Mill is then employed to effect the requiste grinding.
  • the particles sinter together in the form of a cake. If necessary, the resultant sinter cake is first broken in pieces small enough, generally less than about one inch, to be fed into the Disk Attrition Mill. In such a mill, grinding occurs between disks, which generally rotate in either a vertical or horizontal plane.
  • spike tooth plates While in certain disk mills, spike tooth plates have been employed, it should be understood that such plates are not applicable to the instant invention, which is limited to the use of conventional, friction grinding plates.
  • the disk mill is particularly suited for the purposes of this invention since it has been found that such a mill is capable of yielding a controlled and predictable degree of grinding which is basically a function of (a) the mill gap, and (b) the linear speed of a point on medial radius r of the grinding plates.
  • the locus of the grinding plates form a ring, (i.e.
  • PSC is the particle size characteristic of the as-water atomized powder, prior to annealing
  • v is the linear speed of a point on the medial radius of the grinding plates, in inches per minute
  • LG is the Log of (mill gap in inches).
  • Powder i +200 +230 +325 If as-atomized powder A were to be employed, and the mill were to be operated at a gap of l/ 16 inch (FIG. 1 it may be seen, for example, that apparent densities of 3.2 gm/cc and 3.45 gm/cc could be achieved by employing speeds of 2500 rpm and 3650 rpm respectively.
  • a method for the production of molding grade steel powders with high apparent densities which comprises,

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  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US389603A 1973-08-16 1973-08-16 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders Expired - Lifetime US3900309A (en)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US389603A US3900309A (en) 1973-08-16 1973-08-16 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders
US05/441,609 US3954461A (en) 1973-08-16 1974-02-11 Process for the production of low apparent density water atomized steel powders
AU71534/74A AU486846B2 (en) 1973-08-16 1974-07-23 Process forthe production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders
AR254976A AR201605A1 (es) 1973-08-16 1974-07-31 Metodo para la produccion de polvos de acero de calidad de moldeo, con densidades aparentes elevadas
GB3465074A GB1475421A (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-06 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders
BE147425A BE818640A (fr) 1973-08-16 1974-08-08 Procede pour produire des poudres d'acier atomisees a l'eau de haut poids specifique apparent
FR7428096A FR2245439B1 (xx) 1973-08-16 1974-08-13
JP9206674A JPS5737641B2 (xx) 1973-08-16 1974-08-13
DE2438841A DE2438841A1 (de) 1973-08-16 1974-08-13 Verfahren zum herstellen von stahlpulvern mit hoher scheinbarer dichte
SE7410336A SE7410336L (sv) 1973-08-16 1974-08-13 Sett for framstellning av stalpulver med hog densitet.
ES429260A ES429260A1 (es) 1973-08-16 1974-08-14 Un metodo para la produccion de polvos de acero de calidad de moldeo.
BR6686/74A BR7406686D0 (pt) 1973-08-16 1974-08-14 Processo para a producao de pos de aco em grau de moldage
IT69548/74A IT1016831B (it) 1973-08-16 1974-08-14 Procedimento per la produzione di polveri di acciaio atomizzato di densita apparente elevata
DD180521A DD113314A5 (xx) 1973-08-16 1974-08-15
NO742934A NO142337C (no) 1973-08-16 1974-08-15 Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av staalpulver av formningskvalitet og med regulert tilsynelatende densitet
CA207,148A CA1041324A (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-15 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders
HU74UE53A HU178361B (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-15 Method for producing steel powder which is suitable for making pieces by sintering
CS745721A CS204987B2 (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-15 Method of making the steel powder of high current density scattered by water
YU02245/74A YU224574A (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-16 Method of breaking steel powder pulverized in water
PL1974173529A PL113721B1 (en) 1973-08-16 1974-08-16 Method of manufacturing steel powders of high apparent density
NL7411023A NL7411023A (nl) 1973-08-16 1974-08-16 Werkwijze voor het bereiden van vormbare staalpoeders met een hoog stortgewicht.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US389603A US3900309A (en) 1973-08-16 1973-08-16 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/441,609 Continuation-In-Part US3954461A (en) 1973-08-16 1974-02-11 Process for the production of low apparent density water atomized steel powders

Publications (1)

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US3900309A true US3900309A (en) 1975-08-19

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Family Applications (1)

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US389603A Expired - Lifetime US3900309A (en) 1973-08-16 1973-08-16 Process for the production of high apparent density water atomized steel powders

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US3900309A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5737641B2 (xx)
AR (1) AR201605A1 (xx)
BE (1) BE818640A (xx)
BR (1) BR7406686D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA1041324A (xx)
CS (1) CS204987B2 (xx)
DD (1) DD113314A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2438841A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES429260A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2245439B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1475421A (xx)
HU (1) HU178361B (xx)
IT (1) IT1016831B (xx)
NL (1) NL7411023A (xx)
NO (1) NO142337C (xx)
PL (1) PL113721B1 (xx)
SE (1) SE7410336L (xx)
YU (1) YU224574A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4220689A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-09-02 Armco Inc. Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel powder product
US4274864A (en) * 1978-02-14 1981-06-23 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Making iron powder
US4385929A (en) * 1981-06-19 1983-05-31 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Method and apparatus for production of metal powder
US4564387A (en) * 1982-08-10 1986-01-14 Brunswick Mining And Smelting Corporation Limited Wet zinc dust atomization and distribution
EP0194664A2 (en) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-17 Fine Particle Technology Corp. Particulate material feedstock, use of said feedstock and product
US5427600A (en) * 1992-11-30 1995-06-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Low alloy sintered steel and method of preparing the same
US6027544A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-02-22 Hoganas Ab Process for the preparation of an iron-based powder

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1192991B (it) * 1981-09-15 1988-05-26 Bruss Polt I Procedimento per la fabbricazione di fibre metalliche ed apparecchiatura per la sua attuazione
DE3338523C2 (de) * 1982-03-25 1987-05-27 Bruss Polt I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Metallfasern
US4627959A (en) * 1985-06-18 1986-12-09 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Production of mechanically alloyed powder
JPS646145U (xx) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-13

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3325277A (en) * 1965-02-01 1967-06-13 Smith Corp A O Method of making metal powder
US3597188A (en) * 1968-08-23 1971-08-03 Domtar Ltd Method of making high density iron powder
US3668024A (en) * 1969-10-07 1972-06-06 Smith Inland A O Method of annealing metal powder
US3687654A (en) * 1971-03-10 1972-08-29 Smith Inland A O Method of making alloy steel powder
US3725142A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-04-03 Smith A Inland Inc Atomized steel powder having improved hardenability
US3764295A (en) * 1971-05-14 1973-10-09 Hoeganaes Ab Method of manufacturing low alloy steel powder having a low content of oxidic constituents

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3325277A (en) * 1965-02-01 1967-06-13 Smith Corp A O Method of making metal powder
US3597188A (en) * 1968-08-23 1971-08-03 Domtar Ltd Method of making high density iron powder
US3668024A (en) * 1969-10-07 1972-06-06 Smith Inland A O Method of annealing metal powder
US3687654A (en) * 1971-03-10 1972-08-29 Smith Inland A O Method of making alloy steel powder
US3764295A (en) * 1971-05-14 1973-10-09 Hoeganaes Ab Method of manufacturing low alloy steel powder having a low content of oxidic constituents
US3725142A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-04-03 Smith A Inland Inc Atomized steel powder having improved hardenability

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274864A (en) * 1978-02-14 1981-06-23 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Making iron powder
US4220689A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-09-02 Armco Inc. Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel powder product
US4385929A (en) * 1981-06-19 1983-05-31 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Method and apparatus for production of metal powder
US4564387A (en) * 1982-08-10 1986-01-14 Brunswick Mining And Smelting Corporation Limited Wet zinc dust atomization and distribution
EP0194664A2 (en) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-17 Fine Particle Technology Corp. Particulate material feedstock, use of said feedstock and product
EP0194664A3 (en) * 1985-03-13 1988-01-07 Fine Particle Technology Corp. Particulate material feedstock, use of said feedstock and product
US5427600A (en) * 1992-11-30 1995-06-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Low alloy sintered steel and method of preparing the same
US6027544A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-02-22 Hoganas Ab Process for the preparation of an iron-based powder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU224574A (en) 1982-02-28
AR201605A1 (es) 1975-03-31
NL7411023A (nl) 1975-02-18
SE7410336L (sv) 1975-02-17
NO142337C (no) 1980-08-06
HU178361B (en) 1982-04-28
FR2245439B1 (xx) 1978-09-22
NO142337B (no) 1980-04-28
BE818640A (fr) 1975-02-10
ES429260A1 (es) 1976-08-16
GB1475421A (en) 1977-06-01
DD113314A5 (xx) 1975-06-05
CA1041324A (en) 1978-10-31
FR2245439A1 (xx) 1975-04-25
IT1016831B (it) 1977-06-20
AU7153474A (en) 1976-01-29
NO742934L (xx) 1975-03-17
JPS5064149A (xx) 1975-05-31
BR7406686D0 (pt) 1975-05-27
PL113721B1 (en) 1980-12-31
JPS5737641B2 (xx) 1982-08-11
DE2438841A1 (de) 1975-02-27
CS204987B2 (en) 1981-04-30

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AS Assignment

Owner name: USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, STATELESS

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:005060/0960

Effective date: 19880112