US3898991A - Electrosurgical apparatus and method of operating same - Google Patents

Electrosurgical apparatus and method of operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3898991A
US3898991A US424433A US42443373A US3898991A US 3898991 A US3898991 A US 3898991A US 424433 A US424433 A US 424433A US 42443373 A US42443373 A US 42443373A US 3898991 A US3898991 A US 3898991A
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Prior art keywords
frequency signal
low frequency
high frequency
signal
output
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Expired - Lifetime
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US424433A
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English (en)
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Yuji Ikuno
Yutaka Kato
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Optical Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066—Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control

Definitions

  • An electrical surgical knife device for use with an endoscope comprises a singular power source means [30] Foreign Application Priority Data which includes a high frequency signal generator for Dec. 20, 1972 Japan 47-127805 generating a gh r q y g a low r q n y signal generating means for generating a damped low [52] U.S. Cl. 123303.14; l28/303.l7; 128/422 fr quency ignal and an amplitude modulator for am- [51] Int.
  • An electrosurgical apparatus wherein an active electrode which is like an end of a needle or a blade and has a very small contact area with a patients body contacts a fixed electrode which is a plate'electrode and has a large contact area with the patients body, causing a high frequency signal to flow between the active electrode and the fixed electrode through the patients body.
  • the electric current which is concentrated around the end of the active electrode whose contact area is very small causes Joule heat to be generated and this Joule heat introduces an explosion of a gas in a histology, thereby enabling an operation or a cutting of a body tissue and a thermocoagulation of the tissue protein at an oper ated or cut surface to close a lymphatic vessel and a fine vessel, thereby enabling an hemostasis.
  • a first power source for supplying a high frequency signal to the electrodes of the surgical apparatus for performing an operation and cutting having a high frequency generator, a high frequency output signal from which is amplified in voltage and power amplifiers to supply its output to the surgical apparatus.
  • a second power source is provided for hemostasis,,having a high frequency generator which generates a high frequency signal repeating a damped oscillation with a certain period.
  • the electric power sources for operations and for the hemostasis are provided separately in the prior art, high frequency generators and amplifiers are needed for each of the respective power sources and the electrosurgical apparatus becomes large, needs a large power supply and is difficult to operate.
  • the prior art high frequency oscillator included in the second power source for hemostasis is complicated in construction, thus increasing the cost of manufacture and reducing the operational reliability thereof.
  • the prior art power sources mentioned above are bulky and need a large source of input power, it is difficult to assemble the above-described power sources in an endoscope through which the surgical knife devi'ce'is introduced into the abdominal cavity.
  • the object of the present invention is to providean electrosurgical apparatus and a method of operating same, wherein a singular electric power source can be used for both the source for performing the operation and cutting and the source for hemostasis, thereby reducing the size and complexity of the power source and enabling the power source to be assembled in the endoinside of a patients body.”
  • an electrosurgical apparatus comprising active and fixed electrodes which comprise a surgical knife, a high frequency signal generator, a low frequency signal supplying means for supplying a damped wave signal of lower frequency than the high frequency signal, and an amplitude-modulator for selectively amplitudemodulating the output signal from the high frequency signal generator with the output signal from a damped low frequency signal supplying means.
  • the output of the modulator being coupled to the electrodes.
  • a selector means for selectively causing the high frequency signal to be amplitude-modulated by the damped low frequency signal.
  • Power and voltage amplifiers are provided for amplifying the output signal from the modulator to supply the output signal to the electrodes. Further, there is provided a method of operating the surgical apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2F show the waveforms at respective points in the block diagram of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit for a low frequency generator used in another embodiment of this invention.
  • an output signal from a high frequency signal generator 11 is supplied to a modulator 61 whose output signal is supplied to an amplifier circuit 2 comprising the series combination of a voltage amplifier 21 and a power amplifier 22.
  • the output from the power amplifier 22 is supplied to an electrosurgical knife 4 having an active electrode 41 and a fixed electrode 42 through an output circuit 3 comprising an output transformer 31 and a blocking capacitor 32 for blocking the direct current component from the output of the transformer 31.
  • An additional blocking capacitor 33 may be provided.
  • a rectangular wave whose positive side is larger than its negative side is generated from the low frequency generator 51 and this rectangular wave output from the generator 51 is differentiated by a clamping circuit and differentiator circuit 52, the output of which is supplied to the modulator 61 through a selector switch 53.
  • a clamping and differentiator circuit 52 converts the signal of FIG. 2B into the signal of FIG. 2D in a manner well known in the art.
  • the negative level of the output signal from the low frequency generator is cut by the clamping circuit 52.
  • the output signal from the high frequency generator 11 is selectively amplitude-modulated by the low frequency signal output of the clamping and differentiator circuit 52 when the selector switch 53 is in the on" state. No modulation is effected when the switch 53 is in the off state.
  • FIG. 2A shows the wave form of the output signal from the high frequency generator 11
  • FIG. 2B shows the wave form of the output signal from the low frequency generator 51
  • FIG. 2C shows the wave form of the. output signal from the output circuit 3 which is supplied to an electrosurgical knife 4, when the selector switch 53 is open
  • FIG. 2D shows the wave form of the output signal from the differentiator circuit 52
  • FIG. 2E shows the wave form of the output signal from the modulator 61 when the selector switch 53 is closed.
  • FIG. 21? shows the wave form of that output signal from the output circuit 3 which is supplied to the surgical knife 4.
  • the high frequency signal generated in the high frequency signal generator 11 has a frequency of 5 KHz and the low frequency signal generated in the low frequency signal generator 51 has a frequency of 500 Hz.
  • FIG. 1 The operation of the apparatus of this invention shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.
  • the selector switch 53 When the selector switch 53 is off, the low frequency signal from the low frequency signal generator 51 is not supplied to the modulator 61 and the high frequency signal from the high frequency signal generator 11 is not amplitude-modulated, is supplied to voltage amplifier 21 to be amplified in voltage and there is amplified in power by the power amplifier 22. 'Any direct current component in the output signal from the power amplifier 22 is blocked by capacitors 32 and 33 of the output circuit 3 and the alternating current component is supplied to the electrosurgical knife 4. Accordingly, when the active electrode 41 of the knife 4 contacts with a diseased or other desired part of a patient 43, a high frequency current flows through the body of the patient 43 and the high frequency current concentrates at the contacting end of the active electrode 41, thereby enabling the operation to be performed.
  • the output signal from the low frequency oscillator 51 (FIG. 2B) is differentiated at its positive-going edge by the differentiative circuit 14, to be converted to a damped repetitive wave (FIG. 2D) which has a repetition rate or frequency equal to the frequency of the rectangular wave signal from the low frequency generator 51.
  • the damped wave (FIG. 2D) is supplied to the modulator 61, in which the high frequency output signal (FIG. 2A) from the high frequency oscillator 11 is amplitudemodulated by the damped wave to produce a damped train of pulses (FIG. 2E) which repeat the damping cycle at a repetition rate or frequency equal to the frequency of the damped wave (FIG. 2D).
  • the damped pulse train (FIG. 2E) is amplified in the voltage amplifier 21 and power amplifier 22 and, after the direct current component of the output signal from the power amplifier 22 is blocked by the output circuit 3, the alternative component of the output signal (FIG. 2F) from the output circuit 3 is supplied to the electrosurgical knife 4. Accordingly, when an active electrode 41 of the electrosurgical knife contacts a part of a patient 43 such as a diseased part of the patient 43, a high frequency amplitude-modulated current comprising a damped pulse train (FIG. 2F) flows in the body of the patient, enabling the contacted part to be hardened or coagulated to thereby cause an hemostasis.
  • the amplitude modulator 61 may be controlled by controlling the oscillation condition, e.g. by the on-off operation of the switch 16 connected to the generator 51 as shown in FIG. 3 instead of by using the selector switch 53.
  • An electrosurgical apparatus comprising: an electrosurgical knife which includes an active electrode and a fixed electrode;
  • a first oscillator means for generating a high frequency signal to control the knife
  • a second oscillator means for producing a damped lowfrequency signal of lower frequency than said high frequency signal
  • said second oscillator means comprising a low frequency generator and a clamping and differentiator circuit means coupled to the output thereof to clamp'the output signal of the low frequency signal generator at a given value and to differentiate it to produce said .damped low frequency signal
  • a modulator coupled to the output of said first and second oscillator means, the output of said modulator being coupled to said electrosurgical knife;
  • a selector means having a first condition to cause said modulator to amplitude-modulate said high frequency signal by said damped low frequency signal and having a second condition to cause said modulator to couple said high frequency signal, unmodulated, to said knife.
  • said selector means comprises a switch connected between the modulator and the second oscillator means.
  • said selector means comprises means coupled to the second oscillator means for controlling the oscillation condition of the second oscillator means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further compirsing a voltage amplifier whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of said modulator, a power amplifier whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of said voltage amplifier, a transformer whose input terminals are coupled to theoutput terminals of said power amplifier and respective direct current component blocking capacitors connected between the output terminals of said transformer and said electrosurgical knife for supplying the alternating current component of. the output signal from the transformer to the electrosurgical knife.
  • a power source for providing an alternating current output signal for operating an electrical surgical knife comprising: i
  • a first oscillator means for generating a high frequency signal
  • a second oscillator means for producing a damped low frequency signal of lower frequency than said high frequency signal
  • said second oscillator means comprising a low frequency generator and a clamping and differentiator circuit means coupled to the output thereof to clamp the output signal of the low frequency signal generator at a given value and to differentiate it to produce said damped low frequency signal
  • a selector means to selectively supply the damped low frequency signal to the modulator.
  • a power source according to claim 7 wherein said selector means comprises means coupled to the second oscillator means for controlling the oscillation condition of the second oscillator means.
  • a method of operating an electrosurgical knife apparatus comprising steps of:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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US424433A 1972-12-20 1973-12-13 Electrosurgical apparatus and method of operating same Expired - Lifetime US3898991A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47127805A JPS4984092A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-20 1972-12-20

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JP (1) JPS4984092A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2363917C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154240A (en) * 1977-01-14 1979-05-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electric power source for electrosurgical apparatus
US4211230A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-07-08 Sybron Corporation Electrosurgical coagulation
US4237898A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-12-09 Critical Systems, Inc. Apparatus for heating tissue and employing protection against transients
US4249537A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-02-10 Chaconas Charles G Current controlled muscle stimulator
EP0024653A1 (en) * 1979-09-03 1981-03-11 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Apparatus for supplying power to an electrosurgical device
US4559943A (en) * 1981-09-03 1985-12-24 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4590934A (en) * 1983-05-18 1986-05-27 Jerry L. Malis Bipolar cutter/coagulator
US4727874A (en) * 1984-09-10 1988-03-01 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator with high-frequency pulse width modulated feedback power control
US4887603A (en) * 1985-07-22 1989-12-19 Empi, Inc. Medical stimulator with stimulation signal characteristics modulated as a function of stimulation signal frequency
US4922908A (en) * 1985-07-22 1990-05-08 Empi, Inc. Medical stimulator with stimulation signal characteristics modulated as a function of stimulation signal frequency
US5275596A (en) * 1991-12-23 1994-01-04 Laser Centers Of America Laser energy delivery tip element with throughflow of vaporized materials
US5423813A (en) * 1993-03-18 1995-06-13 Coopersurgical Resectoscope and electrode assembly
US5688269A (en) * 1991-07-10 1997-11-18 Electroscope, Inc. Electrosurgical apparatus for laparoscopic and like procedures
US5769841A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-06-23 Electroscope, Inc. Electrosurgical apparatus for laparoscopic and like procedures
US6013076A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-01-11 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6015406A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-01-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6027501A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-02-22 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6056746A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-05-02 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6090106A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-07-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6093186A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-07-25 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6210405B1 (en) 1996-06-20 2001-04-03 Gyrus Medical Limited Under water treatment
US6261286B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-07-17 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6277114B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2001-08-21 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrode assembly for an electrosurical instrument
US6565561B1 (en) 1996-06-20 2003-05-20 Cyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6780180B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2004-08-24 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US20050265428A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2005-12-01 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US6975665B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2005-12-13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US20060041253A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Newton David W System and method for performing an electrosurgical procedure
US20060041251A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Odell Roger C Electrosurgical system and method
US20060041252A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Odell Roger C System and method for monitoring electrosurgical instruments
US20070173809A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2007-07-26 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US20080009850A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2008-01-10 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US20080009849A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2008-01-10 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US20090112204A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Encision, Inc. Multiple Parameter Fault Detection in Electrosurgical Instrument Shields
US20100016926A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2010-01-21 Rittman Iii William J Method and apparatus for diagnosing and treating neural dysfunction
US20110054463A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2011-03-03 Peter Selig Method for controlling an electro-surgical hf generator and electro-surgical device
US20110122921A1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2011-05-26 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US8007494B1 (en) 2006-04-27 2011-08-30 Encision, Inc. Device and method to prevent surgical burns
US8251989B1 (en) 2006-06-13 2012-08-28 Encision, Inc. Combined bipolar and monopolar electrosurgical instrument and method
US9314294B2 (en) 2008-08-18 2016-04-19 Encision, Inc. Enhanced control systems including flexible shielding and support systems for electrosurgical applications
US9833281B2 (en) 2008-08-18 2017-12-05 Encision Inc. Enhanced control systems including flexible shielding and support systems for electrosurgical applications

Families Citing this family (1)

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US4429694A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-02-07 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator

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US3513851A (en) * 1966-07-19 1970-05-26 W F L Try Electrotherapeutic pulse generating apparatus
US3543762A (en) * 1968-02-15 1970-12-01 Dynapower Systems Corp Of Cali Automatic control of electrotherapeutic apparatus
US3658067A (en) * 1969-05-19 1972-04-25 Sybren Corp Electro-surgical apparatus
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US3699967A (en) * 1971-04-30 1972-10-24 Valleylab Inc Electrosurgical generator

Cited By (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154240A (en) * 1977-01-14 1979-05-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electric power source for electrosurgical apparatus
US4237898A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-12-09 Critical Systems, Inc. Apparatus for heating tissue and employing protection against transients
US4211230A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-07-08 Sybron Corporation Electrosurgical coagulation
US4249537A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-02-10 Chaconas Charles G Current controlled muscle stimulator
EP0024653A1 (en) * 1979-09-03 1981-03-11 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Apparatus for supplying power to an electrosurgical device
US4338940A (en) * 1979-09-03 1982-07-13 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Apparatus for supplying power to an electrosurgical device
US4559943A (en) * 1981-09-03 1985-12-24 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4590934A (en) * 1983-05-18 1986-05-27 Jerry L. Malis Bipolar cutter/coagulator
US4727874A (en) * 1984-09-10 1988-03-01 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator with high-frequency pulse width modulated feedback power control
US4887603A (en) * 1985-07-22 1989-12-19 Empi, Inc. Medical stimulator with stimulation signal characteristics modulated as a function of stimulation signal frequency
US4922908A (en) * 1985-07-22 1990-05-08 Empi, Inc. Medical stimulator with stimulation signal characteristics modulated as a function of stimulation signal frequency
US5688269A (en) * 1991-07-10 1997-11-18 Electroscope, Inc. Electrosurgical apparatus for laparoscopic and like procedures
US5275596A (en) * 1991-12-23 1994-01-04 Laser Centers Of America Laser energy delivery tip element with throughflow of vaporized materials
US5423813A (en) * 1993-03-18 1995-06-13 Coopersurgical Resectoscope and electrode assembly
US5769841A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-06-23 Electroscope, Inc. Electrosurgical apparatus for laparoscopic and like procedures
US6261286B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-07-17 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6293942B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-09-25 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator method
US6027501A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-02-22 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6056746A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-05-02 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6780180B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2004-08-24 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6416509B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2002-07-09 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6174308B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-01-16 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6364877B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2002-04-02 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6306134B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-10-23 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6013076A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-01-11 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6015406A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-01-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6234178B1 (en) 1996-01-09 2001-05-22 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6090106A (en) * 1996-01-09 2000-07-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6210405B1 (en) 1996-06-20 2001-04-03 Gyrus Medical Limited Under water treatment
US6482202B1 (en) 1996-06-20 2002-11-19 Gyrus Medical Limited Under water treatment
US6565561B1 (en) 1996-06-20 2003-05-20 Cyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument
US6093186A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-07-25 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6277114B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2001-08-21 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrode assembly for an electrosurical instrument
US6975665B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2005-12-13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US20050265428A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2005-12-01 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US7903778B2 (en) 2000-05-26 2011-03-08 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US7643533B2 (en) 2000-05-26 2010-01-05 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Agile clock mechanism and method for ultrawide bandwidth communications system
US20100135358A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2010-06-03 Freescale Semiconductor Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US8743927B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2014-06-03 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US8311074B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2012-11-13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US20110122921A1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2011-05-26 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Low power, high resolution timing generator for ultra-wide bandwidth communication systems
US20080009849A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2008-01-10 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US7993332B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2011-08-09 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US7491199B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2009-02-17 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US20080009850A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2008-01-10 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US20070173809A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2007-07-26 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US8002769B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2011-08-23 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US7465302B2 (en) 2004-08-17 2008-12-16 Encision, Inc. System and method for performing an electrosurgical procedure
US20060041252A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Odell Roger C System and method for monitoring electrosurgical instruments
US8758336B2 (en) 2004-08-17 2014-06-24 Encision, Inc. System and method for monitoring electrosurgical systems
US20060041253A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Newton David W System and method for performing an electrosurgical procedure
US20060041251A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Odell Roger C Electrosurgical system and method
US7422589B2 (en) 2004-08-17 2008-09-09 Encision, Inc. System and method for performing an electrosurgical procedure
US8560062B2 (en) 2005-08-02 2013-10-15 Neurotherm, Inc. Method and apparatus for diagnosing and treating neural dysfunction
US20100016926A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2010-01-21 Rittman Iii William J Method and apparatus for diagnosing and treating neural dysfunction
US8818503B2 (en) 2005-08-02 2014-08-26 Neurotherm, Inc. Method and apparatus for diagnosing and treating neural dysfunction
US7853326B2 (en) 2005-08-02 2010-12-14 Neurotherm, Inc. Method and apparatus for diagnosing and treating neural dysfunction
US8007494B1 (en) 2006-04-27 2011-08-30 Encision, Inc. Device and method to prevent surgical burns
US8251989B1 (en) 2006-06-13 2012-08-28 Encision, Inc. Combined bipolar and monopolar electrosurgical instrument and method
US9254165B2 (en) 2007-10-26 2016-02-09 Encision, Inc. Multiple parameter fault detection in electrosurgical instrument shields
US8460284B2 (en) 2007-10-26 2013-06-11 Encision, Inc. Multiple parameter fault detection in electrosurgical instrument shields
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JPS4984092A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-13
DE2363917C2 (de) 1981-10-29
DE2363917A1 (de) 1974-07-11

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