US3897782A - Body fluid barrier films - Google Patents

Body fluid barrier films Download PDF

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Publication number
US3897782A
US3897782A US431455A US43145574A US3897782A US 3897782 A US3897782 A US 3897782A US 431455 A US431455 A US 431455A US 43145574 A US43145574 A US 43145574A US 3897782 A US3897782 A US 3897782A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sulfate
product
barrier film
film
cellulose ester
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Expired - Lifetime
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US431455A
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English (en)
Inventor
Deger C Tunc
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Johnson and Johnson
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Johnson and Johnson
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Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson filed Critical Johnson and Johnson
Priority to US431455A priority Critical patent/US3897782A/en
Priority to NO744492A priority patent/NO744492L/no
Priority to DK662574A priority patent/DK662574A/da
Priority to AU76730/74A priority patent/AU7673074A/en
Priority to DE19742461870 priority patent/DE2461870A1/de
Priority to SE7500061A priority patent/SE7500061L/xx
Priority to LU71592A priority patent/LU71592A1/xx
Priority to FR7500253A priority patent/FR2256748A1/fr
Priority to FI750016A priority patent/FI750016A7/fi
Priority to NL7500174A priority patent/NL7500174A/xx
Priority to ZA00750128A priority patent/ZA75128B/xx
Priority to BE152206A priority patent/BE824174A/xx
Priority to US05/551,570 priority patent/US4005251A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3897782A publication Critical patent/US3897782A/en
Priority to NO753401A priority patent/NO753401L/no
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B7/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of both organic and inorganic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/62—Compostable, hydrosoluble or hydrodegradable materials

Definitions

  • a barrier film is provided for a product used in contact with body fluids.
  • the barrier film comprises an alkali salt of a sulfated cellulose ester, with a degree of sulfate substitution satisfactory to render the film resistant to body fluids and yet dispersible in low salt concentration aqueous solutions such as those found in a household water closet.
  • This invention concerns the incorporation of protective barrier films in products to be contacted in use with fluids exuded from the body such as blood, menstrual fluid and urine.
  • the barrier films of this invention are useful in connection with absorbent products such as sanitary napkins, diapers, dressings and the like and are likewise useful as liners for ostomy bags, bedpans, and other receptacles for body exudates.
  • the films exhibit adequate tensile strength and retain their structural integrity when in contact with the aforesaid body fluids, and are still readily dispersible in water so that the film or the combination of film and product may be disposed of in an ordinary water closet.
  • barrier films have been extremely limited in that those properties desirable in films used for this purpose, are infrequently found in combination.
  • the barrier film must be sufficiently strong to resist disintegration for a reasonable period of time when in use, i.e., the films must be insoluble or at least only slightly soluble in body fluids and must exhibit substantial tensile strength when subjected to such fluids.
  • barrier films have been incapable of adequately meeting both criteria.
  • a body fluid barrier film especially if it is used in disposable products, should be inexpensive.
  • the barrier films of this invention are inexpensive as they may be made from wood pulp which is readily and economically available.
  • the barrier film of the present invention comprises sodium cellulose acetate sulfate. If so desired, the films may comprise mixtures of the various alkali cellulose acylate sulfates above mentioned.
  • the required pH range may be achieved by adding a base to the aqueous precipitation medium.
  • this method of precipitation may be employed for solutions of alkali salts of sulfated cellulose esters in substantially non-aqueous systems regardless of the method by which the cellulose was sulfated and- /or acylated.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of a sanitary napkin embodying this invention with parts broken away to show the interior construction thereof;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second sanitary napkin embodying this invention with parts broken away to show the interior construction thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken approximately along lines 44 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an absorbent pad or undergarment liner embodying this invention with parts broken away to show the interior construction thereof;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken approximately along lines 66 of FIG. 5.
  • the sulfated cellulose esters used to form the barrier films of this invention may be produced by first forming the sulfate derivative of cellulose and then esterifying with a suitable acylating agent.
  • the sulfated cellulose is prepared by slurrying cellulose, for example in the form of wood pulp, in an inert liquid reaction medium such as glacial acetic acid and reacting the cellulose slurry with a sulfating mixture prepared from reactants comprising acetic anhydride, an alkali sulfate, glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid.
  • a sulfating mixture prepared from reactants comprising acetic anhydride, an alkali sulfate, glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid.
  • the sulfated cellulose so obtained is then acylated with an acylating agent such as acetic anhydride to form a solution of the desired alkali cellulose acylate sulfate in the reaction mixture.
  • solutions of alkali salts of sulfated cellulose esters may be prepared by dissolving a commercially available cellulose ester in an inert liquid reaction medium and then sulfating the cellulose ester with alkali acetyl sulfate or with other well known procedures.
  • the alkali cellulose esters sulfate may then be recovered by precipitation in an aqueous precipitating me dium in the manner described above.
  • films having thicknesses varying from 0.l to 5.0 mils can conveniently be prepared from solutions containing about one to about ten percent by weight of the alkali salt of the sulfated cellulose ester and preferably from solutions containing about 2 to 5 percent by weight of the cellulose resin.
  • Suitable release surfaces for casting film include glass and Tefion* coated surfaces.
  • excellent translucent, peelable films are obtained from an alkali salt of a sulfated cellulose ester resin dissolved in a 3:l (by weight) mixture of acetone and water and cast, at room temperature, onto a Teflon* coated pan.
  • Films cast from the alkali salts of sulfated cellulose ester are suited for use as flushable barrier films in a product used in contact with such body fluids as blood. menstrual fluid, urine, and similar body exudatcs. These fluids, in general, exhibit properties which. with respect to the films, are analogous to aqueous salt solutions having a salt content which varies from about 0.8
  • tap water normally supplied to water closets and the like generally has an extremely low salt concentration of less than about 250 parts per million of chloride ion. It has been discovered that the alkali salts of sulfated cellulose esters of this invention maintain their integrity for a substantial period of time in solutions having a salt concentration exhibiting the properties of body fluids, whereas, surprisingly, they display a far lower resistance to dispersion in tap water. It has further been discovered that by modifying the D.S.
  • the salt resistances and water dispersibility of the films can be modified to suit the particular purposes of this invention, i.e., films may be made which will adequately provide a barrier for body fluids for a suitable length of time and which may be flushed away in a water closet.
  • the barrier films of this invention are highly compatible with a great variety of plasticizers which may be incorporated therein to improve such characteristics of the film as flexibility and resistance to abrasion, and to reduce noise," i.e., the rattle resulting from the flexing of the film. These properties are particularly important when the barrier films are used in connection with items to be worn such as the aforementioned sanitary napkins, diapers and the like.
  • Water soluble plasticizers such as glycerol and the polyethylene glycols are suitable, as well as such wateninsoluble plasticizers as castor oil.
  • the films of this invention When the films of this invention are used in connection with such products as liners for bedpans, ostomy bags, and other receptacles for body fluids, they may be cast directly on the inside surface of the receptacle prior to use or may alternatively be precast and then applied to the receptacles. in use, after fluid has been deposited into the lined receptacle, the entire liner, including the deposited fluid may be lifted out of the receptacle and deposited in a water closet.
  • the films of this invention will exhibit sufficient tensile strength when in contact with the deposited fluid to allow the liner to be lifted out of the receptacle and will at the same time be completely dispersible in a water closet so as to be flushable.
  • the napkin comprises an absorbent core 12 of fibrous material such as comminuted wood pulp fibers, cotton lintcrs,
  • a thin barrier sheet 14 comprising the films of this invention.
  • a fluid pervious cover 16 surrounds the absorbent core 12 and the barrier sheet 14 with the lateral edges thereof overlapped and secured on the bottom surface of the napkin l0. The cover 16 can be extended beyond the ends of the core 12 to form the usual attachment tabs [8. While FIGS.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate a tabbed napkin, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the advantages accruing to the use of barrier films of this invention are equally applicable to a tabless product, e.g., one where tabs are not used as attachment means, or where other attachment means such as, for example, adhesive means, are used.
  • the barrier sheet comprising films of this invention, is uniquely suited to preclude the passage of menstrual fluid through the core to the bottom surface of the napkin.
  • Menstrual fluid as other body fluids, exhibits properties, with respect to the film, which are analogous to an aqueous solution having a salt content of about 0.8 to about 1.5 percent by weight and it is within these concentrations that the films of this invention are resistant and impermeable. Notwithstanding the resistance of the films to menstrual fluid, when the films are introduced into an aqueous low salt concentration solution, they are dispersible. Accordingly, by employing a water dispersible material for the cover 16 (and a water dispersible core 12) the sanitary napkins of FIGS.
  • the illustrated napkin may be provided with a non-water dispersible cover, in which event the cover would first be removed and the pad and barrier film dropped into a water closet for disposal.
  • the unique barrier film of this invention will completely disperse in a water closet under the swirling action of the water found therein, and will in no way clog or otherwise impair the operation of the water closet and associate plumbing.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a second embodiment of this invention in a napkin of alternative construction.
  • a sanitary napkin 20 is provided with first and second absorbent layers 22 and 24. Sandwiched therebetween is a barrier sheet 26 comprising the film of this invention.
  • a fluid pervious cover 28 surrounds the absorbent layers 22 and 24, with the lateral edges thereof overlapped and secured on the bottom surface of the napkin 20. As in the prior described embodiment, the cover is illustrated as extending beyond the absorbent layers to form attachment tabs, although it is equally advantageous to use the teachings of this invention in a tabless product.
  • the films of this invention are uniquely suited for use as barrier films and while they will preelude the passage of menstrual fluid to the bottom of the napkin, they are completely dispersible in a water closet.
  • the napkin 20 may be completely disposed of by flushing or, alternatively, if the napkin is provided with a non-water dispersible cover, the cover may be first removed and then the remainder of the napkin may be disposed of by flushing.
  • a particular advantage of a napkin having the construction illustrated in FIG. 20 is that the barrier film located between absorbent layers is likely to exhibit noise" which could embarrass the wearer and hence the need for the addition of plasticizers to the film is lessened.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate still another embodiment of this invention. Illustrated therein is an absorbent pad 30 which is useful as a protective cover for undergarments.
  • the pad is provided with an absorbent core 32.
  • a fluid pervious cover 34 overlies the top (the surface worn against the body) and side portions of the core, the lateral edges also overlying the peripheral portions of the bottom surface of the core.
  • a barrier film 36 in accordance with this invention, it provided to overlie the bottom surface of the core and those portions of the cover 34 overlying the bottom surface.
  • the barrier sheet 36 and the cover 34 are secured together and preferably, are secured to the core.
  • the outer surface of the barrier sheet is provided with adhesive means 38 which may be, for example, a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive or a double-faced adhesive tape.
  • the adhesive means 38 is protected, prior to use by a strippable peel able cover 40.
  • the cover 40 is stripped from the napkin exposing the adhesive means.
  • the napkin is then placed, for example, in the crotch portion of a panty and held in place by adhering the barrier film portion to the panty with the adhesive means.
  • the unique features of the barrier film allow the pad to be readily disposed of by flushing in a water closet.
  • This Example describes the preparation of a water dispersible, salt solution insoluble cellulose ester sulfate resin according to a process which comprises slurrying the cellulose (in the form of wood pulp) in an inert organic liquid, sulfating the cellulose by reacting the cellulosic slurry with a sulfating mixture comprising an alkali acetyl sulfate, esterifying the sulfated cellulose in a reaction mixture comprising the inert organic liquid, sulfated cellulose and an acylating agent and precipitating the desired alkali cellulose acetate from solution in said reaction mixture by combining said reaction mixture with an aqueous precipitation medium maintained at a specified pH range.
  • a sulfating mixture comprising sodium acetyl sulfate was prepared as follows: I629 grams acetic anhydride and 52.5 grams glacial acetic acid were added to a l liter jacketed resin flask. 30.8 grams of sodium sulfate were added and the contents stirred for 5 minutes. 20.]5 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid (98% by weight) were added dropwise to such a rate that the temperature of the reactor contents did not exceed C. The rate of addition of sulfuric acid may be increased, if desired, if cooling is applied by circulating ice water through the jacket of the reactor. The reactor was stirred for 30 minutes after the addition of the sulfuric acid was completed.
  • the slurry of wood pulp in glacial acetic acid was transferred to a jacketed, double planetary mixer (Ross reactor) equipped with a thermometer and a stirrer and was cooled to l8C.
  • the sulfating mixture was added crut i 1 corresponding to a degree of acetyl substitution of to the Ross reactor at a rate such that the temperature 5 240 625 grams of the final product were disso'vcd in of the contents did not exceed 32C.
  • the pH of the aqueous precipitation medium was maintained at a pH of 5.3 during the precipitation procedure by simultaneously adding a 50% by weight solution of groups as Shown in Table 1.
  • aqueous sodium hydroxide- The aqueous Precipitation A series of films were cast from the resins of Exammedium was Stil'l'fid and cooled during th addition Of 135 1 and 2 and tested in water weigh aquethe sodium hydroxide solution and the reaction mixture Qus N CL and 23% by weight NaCL to determine their th and the p precipitated in the form of a ability to maintain their structural integrity. Two tests fine powder.
  • the precipitated resin was recovered from were employed I h first, n d h F B ku the aqueous Precipitation medlum y filtering in a Test, a 3 cm. X 3 cm. X 2 mil film of each of the resins Buchner funnel and as rie at Taking advflh- 35 to be tested was placed in a 250 ml. beaker containing tage of the fact that the desired cellulose ester sulfate 150 f h d i test
  • Example I 0.36 2.40 328 secs. 3 hrs. 50 hrs. 39 sees. 92 secs. 175 secs.
  • Example 2A 0.42 1.87 58 secs. 75 secs. 7 secs. 10 sees. 13 secs.
  • Example 28 0.34 2.57 l620 secs. 24 hrs. 24 hrs. 23 secs. I secs 54) secs.
  • Example 2C 0.27 2.62 h 23 secs. lllt) secs. 215 secs.
  • Example 2D 0.15 1.97 64 secs. 302 secs. 498 secs.
  • EXAMPLE 3 This example illustrates that films can be prepared from mixed esters of alkali cellulose sulfates which have good tensile strength and structural integrity in sodium chloride solutions and yet are dispersible in plain water.
  • Sodium cellulose acetate butyrate sulfate is prepared as follows:
  • the final product comprised sodium cellulose acetate butyrate sulfate and had the following composition: 4.89% sulfur by weight; 24.63'71 by weight (acetyl butyryl) determined as acetyl; and 40.67% by weight (acetyl butyryl) determined as hutyryl.
  • a film was cast from a 6.257r by weight solution of the final product in a 3: l weight mixture of acetone and water. The film so cast completely dissolved in water within 30 minutes but did not dissolve in 2% by weight aqueous NaCl even after 6 days.
  • EXAMPLE 6 In order to demonstrate the effect of varying the amounts of acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid used in the acetylation step.
  • two samples (designated 6A and 6B) of sodium cellulose acetate sulfate was prepared using the procedure of Example I but varying the amounts of sulfuric acid and acetic anhydride used during acetylation.
  • the reagents, and their amounts, used in the sulfating mixture were the same for Example I and the present example.
  • Table V shows the variations made in the amounts of the reagents in the sulfating mixture along with the analysis of the resulting products.
  • EXAMPLE 7 This example shows that alkali salts of sulfated cellulose esters can be prepared in a one-step procedure by reacting a slurry of wood pulp in an inert organic liquid with a reactant mixture comprising a sulfating agent and an acylating agent.
  • a reactant mixture comprising a sulfating agent and an acylating agent.
  • the resulting resin had the following analysis:
  • the films of this invention may be suitably plasticized with water soluble plasticizers such as the poly ethylene glycols or with water insoluble plasticizers such as castor oil.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
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US431455A 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Body fluid barrier films Expired - Lifetime US3897782A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US431455A US3897782A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Body fluid barrier films
NO744492A NO744492L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1974-12-12
DK662574A DK662574A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1974-12-18
AU76730/74A AU7673074A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-12-20 Films
DE19742461870 DE2461870A1 (de) 1974-01-07 1974-12-30 Fuer koerperfluessigkeit undurchlaessige folie
SE7500061A SE7500061L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1975-01-03
LU71592A LU71592A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1975-01-06
FR7500253A FR2256748A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1975-01-06
FI750016A FI750016A7 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1975-01-06
NL7500174A NL7500174A (nl) 1974-01-07 1975-01-07 Sperlaag voor lichaamsafscheidingen.
ZA00750128A ZA75128B (en) 1974-01-07 1975-01-07 Body fluid barrier films
BE152206A BE824174A (fr) 1974-01-07 1975-01-07 Pellicules impermeables aux humeurs corporelles
US05/551,570 US4005251A (en) 1974-01-07 1975-02-20 Process for preparation of alkali cellulose ester sulfates
NO753401A NO753401L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-01-07 1975-10-08

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US431455A US3897782A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Body fluid barrier films

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US05/551,570 Division US4005251A (en) 1974-01-07 1975-02-20 Process for preparation of alkali cellulose ester sulfates

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AU (1) AU7673074A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE824174A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2461870A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DK (1) DK662574A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FI (1) FI750016A7 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2256748A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
LU (1) LU71592A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7500174A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NO (1) NO744492L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
SE (1) SE7500061L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ZA (1) ZA75128B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (48)

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US4250192A (en) * 1977-05-11 1981-02-10 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Novel substituted phenylacetic acid amide compounds
US4322436A (en) * 1977-05-11 1982-03-30 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Novel substituted phenylacetic acid amide compounds
US4420490A (en) * 1977-05-11 1983-12-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted phenylacetic acid amide compounds
US4880417A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-11-14 Biological Resistance, Inc. Deodorizing and sound muffling anal pad
GB2242630A (en) * 1989-09-19 1991-10-09 Advanced Absorbent Products Li Improved feminine hygiene towel
US5346485A (en) * 1990-05-07 1994-09-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Polymeric composition for the absorption of proteinaceous fluids
US5509913A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-04-23 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Flushable compositions
US5766159A (en) * 1995-07-06 1998-06-16 International Paper Company Personal hygiene articles for absorbing fluids
US5947945A (en) * 1995-08-07 1999-09-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article with fit and fluid handling capabilities
US5972805A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive polymeric materials
US5986004A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-11-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive polymeric materials
US6277768B1 (en) 1996-12-31 2001-08-21 Kimberly Clark Worldwide Temperature sensitive polymers and water-dispersible products containing the polymers
US6291372B1 (en) 1997-05-23 2001-09-18 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive binder for fibrous materials
US6384297B1 (en) 1999-04-03 2002-05-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water dispersible pantiliner
US6423804B1 (en) 1998-12-31 2002-07-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive hard water dispersible polymers and applications therefor
US6429261B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2002-08-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6433245B1 (en) 1997-11-25 2002-08-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Flushable fibrous structures
US6444214B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2002-09-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6495080B1 (en) 1997-10-03 2002-12-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Methods for making water-sensitive compositions for improved processability and fibers including same
US20030045707A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-06 Weyerhaeuser Company Superabsorbent polymer
US6548592B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US20030070776A1 (en) * 1995-07-17 2003-04-17 Rayonier Inc. Wet-laid absorbent pulp sheet suitable for immediate conversion into an absorbent product
US6579570B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US20030116575A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Ellingson Daniel L. Disposable container with a spill prevention mechanism
US6599848B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-07-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6653406B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-11-25 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6683143B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-01-27 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6713414B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-03-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6713140B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2004-03-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Latently dispersible barrier composite material
US20040126585A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-07-01 Kerins John E. Water dispersible commode/bedpan liner
US6783826B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2004-08-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Flushable commode liner
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US6828014B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2004-12-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
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US6835678B2 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive, water-dispersible fabrics, a method of making same and items using same
US6579570B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6908966B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2005-06-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US7070854B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2006-07-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6828014B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2004-12-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6897168B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2005-05-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
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US20130123732A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2013-05-16 Huhtamaki Films Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Luminescable release or protective film
US20130196063A1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-08-01 Celanese Acetate Llc Substituted Cellulose Acetates and Uses Thereof
JP2015510004A (ja) * 2012-01-27 2015-04-02 セラニーズ アセテート，エルエルシー 置換された酢酸セルロースおよびその使用方法
US9023757B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2015-05-05 Celanese Acetate Llc Substituted cellulose acetates and uses thereof
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US9090045B2 (en) 2012-09-24 2015-07-28 Celanese Acetate Llc Engineered wood produced with substituted cellulose ester adhesives and methods relating thereto
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FR2256748A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-08-01
ZA75128B (en) 1976-08-25
DE2461870A1 (de) 1975-07-17
SE7500061L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-07-08
AU7673074A (en) 1976-06-24
FI750016A7 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-07-08
NL7500174A (nl) 1975-07-09
LU71592A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-06-17
DK662574A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-08-25
NO744492L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-08-04
BE824174A (fr) 1975-07-07

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