US3896952A - Method for unloading an iron ore being in a state of a consolidated and hardened body and a grab-bucket for use in the same - Google Patents

Method for unloading an iron ore being in a state of a consolidated and hardened body and a grab-bucket for use in the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3896952A
US3896952A US371461A US37146173A US3896952A US 3896952 A US3896952 A US 3896952A US 371461 A US371461 A US 371461A US 37146173 A US37146173 A US 37146173A US 3896952 A US3896952 A US 3896952A
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Prior art keywords
bucket
grab
ore
shells
iron
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Expired - Lifetime
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US371461A
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English (en)
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Tsuyoshi Yokota
Koetsu Asai
Hisamitsu Harada
Hiroshi Kominami
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/04—Tine grabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/02—Bucket grabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S37/00—Excavating
    • Y10S37/904—Vibration means for excavating tool

Definitions

  • the grab-bucket includes a pair of bucket shells which have a plurality of pawls on and along the mating edges thereof, the pawls being so arranged that they mesh with each other when the bucket shells are in their closed position. Furthermore. the grab-bucket of the present invention is provided with vibrating means in the vicinity of the mating edges for accelerating the grabbing capability of the grab-bucket, the timing of the operation of the vibrating means being controlled by means of a tension detecting means which is located, for example, between part of the frame of the grab-bucket and the wire ropes which suspend the same.
  • the iron-ore as used herein refers to a magnetite of a lower iron content, which is supplied as a fine powder after being crushed and dressed by known methods.
  • the size of the aforesaid fine powder is 44p., which usually occupies 80% of the total amount of the ironore.
  • This kind of iron-ore because of its very fine size and poor water permeability, incurs to the industry a number of troublesome and hence uneconomical problems in providing surface transportation thereof.
  • This system proposes to solve the problems of the high transportation expense required for transporting iron-ore from a mine to an ore carrier by mixing the iron-ore as a fine powder with water and laying a pipe line from the mine to a shipping harbor, which if required can be extended to the offing for loading the carrier with iron-ore in a slurry state.
  • This provides very simple and economical facilities for the intended purpose, thereby reducing the cost of transportation a great extent.
  • the disadvantages thereof offsets the above benefit, despite the convenience of the transportation facilities. Those disadvantages are as follows:
  • the iron-ore is unloaded from a carrier in a slurry state so that a large scale reservoir or pond near the shipping harbor also is required for storing the iron-ore, just the same as at the loading harbor, and consequently a broad site for such reservoir or pond is again required.
  • the present inventors hereby provide a newly developed wet-loading and dry-unloading system and the equipments incorporated, in which the iron-ore is loaded in a slurry state into a carrier and unloaded in a dry state therefrom.
  • the water content in the ore body is reduced further to about 7% to 8%. This value is naturally dependent on the time period of the navigation, ranging from 8 to 10% for an av erage navigation period.
  • the water content in the ore body exhibits gradual decrease from the top to the bottom of the ore body due to the gravity of the ore, thus leaving above the top layer of the ore body the water which has been wrung out from the ore body due to its gravity consolidation.
  • a method for unloading an iron-ore being in a state of a consolidated and hardened body contained in the hold of an iron-ore carrier in which a grabbucket having an improved grabbing capability is utilized, including the steps of dropping the grab-bucket having a pair of shells held in their opened position, utilizing its gravity, onto the consolidated and hardened ore body contained in the carrier hold to thereby demolish the body, closing the pair of shells to. grab the ore body thus demolishehd, and thereafter lifting the grab-bucket to unload the demolished body being grabbed within the pair of shells in their closed position.
  • this method further utilizes vibration caused by vibrating means attached to the outer surfaces of the shells or the structure of the grab-bucket, but in the close vicinity of the mating edges of the shells.
  • a grab-bucket which comprises an upper frame suspended by means of first wire ropes from an unloader, at least two pairs of suspension rods each connected at each one end thereof with the upper frame, a pair of bucket-shells pivotally connected at each of the edges thereof, on one side, with the other end of each of the suspension rods, and a sheave box, with which the other edges of the pair of bucket-shells are connected pivotally, the sheave box being suspended by means of second wire ropes from the unloader and adapted to be lowered to cause the bucketshells to open.
  • the bucket-shells each have mating edges adapted to mate with each other when the bucket-shells are brought into a closed position, the mating edges having a plurality of pawls thereon being adapted to mesh with each other in the closed position.
  • vibrating means are located on the outer surface of the bucket-shell or a grab-bucket structure, but in the vicinity of said mating edges, respectively, for the purpose of accelerating the grabbing capability of the grab-bucket.
  • a tension detecting means is provided for detecting the tension exerted on the first or second wire ropes to thereby control the timing of the operation of the vibrating means, depending on the phase of the grabbing operation, that is, when the grab-bucket reaches the top sur face of the ore body, the vibrating means starts vibrating, and when the grab-bucket is pulled upwardly, the operation of the vibrating means will be stopped.
  • a means for protecting the electric wire cable utilizing the members of the structure of the grab-bucket.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the processing steps of ironore in a powder form from a mine to an unloading place;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dehydrating means for iron-ore in a slurry state contained in the hold of a carrier during its navigation;
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 are explanatory views of the operation of the grab-bucket of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2 show the steps of unloading the gravity-consolidated and hardened ore body contained in the hold of an iron-ore carrier, by using the grabbucket of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an outline showing one operational phase of a grab-bucket embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view showing the route of an electric wire cable or a signal transmitting cable leading to a vibrating means for the grab-bucket of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the processing of iron-ore in a powder form from a mine to an unloading station
  • the mining of the ore in a powder form at a working face of a mine is designated as Step A
  • the crushing and screening of the ore in its powder 'form is designated as Step B.
  • the ore 1 in a powder form which has been processed to a desired grain size and grade, is mixed with water and transferred in a slurry'state by means of a pump 2 through a pipe 3 to a reservoir or pond 4 as shown at C in an attempt to store the ore S in a slurry state.
  • Theme in a slurry state thus stored is transported in the slurry state to a shipping harbor, as required, through a pipeline 6 by using a pump 7 as shown at D.
  • the ore 5 in-a slurry state is then stored in a similar reservoir 4 as shown at E and a required amount thereof is then transferred in a slurry state through pipe line 6' into the ore-transporting ship or carrier 8, as shown in the step F.
  • the ore 5 in a slurry state after loading in the carrier 8 is allowed to stand in a hold thereof, whereby it is separated into an ore layer 9 and supernatant water 10.
  • the supernatant water 10 is then returned to land, prior to the departure of the carrier, through a pump and an appropriate conduit.
  • the water content of the ore in the carrier hold at the time of the departure is in the range of 13 to 15%.
  • the ore carrier sails for its destination, that is, the unloading harbor.
  • navigation of a long period of time leads to sedimentation and consolidation of the ore 9 in the lower portion of the hold as shown at H, due to the vibration, and pitching and rolling movements of the carrier, thus increasing the amount of the supernatant water 10 on top of the slurry layers.
  • the supernatant water thus produced is discharged from the hold during the sailing.
  • the ore in a slurry state is dehydrated by means of a vacuum pump or the like from the bottom or the side of the hatch, as required.
  • the water content of the slurry ore contained in the hold is in the range of 7 to 9%, and such a water content enables dry-processing of the ore.
  • dehydrating processing using a vacuum pump
  • the need to use dehydrating processing is dependent upon the grain size of the ore in a powder form.
  • the ore grains or particulates being less than 4411. and occupying over 60% of the total amount of the ore, the ore grains will be consolidated and hardened during the sailing of the carrier, and hence dehydrating processing is not required, because a resultant water content of 7 to 9% is obtained without the use of dehydrating processing in this case.
  • dehydrating processing is essential.
  • Most preferable of the means for accomplishing the dehydrating processing is the one using a vacuum pump, while dehydrating holes may be provided in the bottom or the side of the hold, coupled with the use of filtrating means.
  • the desired ratio of the filtrating area to the whole area of the bottom of the hold has proven to preferably be about 6%.
  • FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the dehydrating means used herein.
  • a dehydrating device which is filled with filtrating materials 16.
  • the water con tained in the ore slurry in the hold is filtrated through the filtrating materials 16 under the suction of a vacuum pump, not shown, and then discharged through a bly be provided on top of the filtrating device, that is, at the bottom of the hold for protection of the upper filter cloth l5.
  • the iron lattice may be replaced with an iron plate, thus imposing no limitation on the application of the ship.
  • the water content of the iron-ore may be reduced to 7 to 9% to that of the powder substantially dried through dehydration during the sailing.
  • the water content can be reduced to be less than 7%.
  • the ore body contained in the hold of a carrier after approaching to the unloading quay, is unloaded by means of a crane 11 and grab-bucket 12, as shown at I in FIG. 1.
  • the ore in the hold is considerably solidified due to the vibration or pitching and rolling movements of the carrier. This in turn causes difficulties with the unloading operations, even when having resort to the conventional grab-bucket, which has a poor grabbing capability for such a consolidated and hardened ore body, thus resulting in poor unloading ef ficiency.
  • the present invention presents an improved type of grab-bucket adaptable to grabbing such a considerably solidified or hardened ore body, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • wire ropes for use in opening and closing the grab-bucket shells 23, wire ropes 19 being provided for supporting or suspending the grab-bucket, an upper frame 20 and lower frame 2ll which is a sheave box, and suspension rods 22 connecting the upper frame 20 and the bucketshells 23.
  • the mating edges of the bucket shells 23 are designated by the numerals 24, and pawls 25 are secured to the ends thereof.
  • the improved grab-bucket of the present invention is greater in weight and smaller in dimensions as compared with the conventional grab-bucket heretofore used in unloading materials of powder or grain form, and further features sharp mating edges 24 and pawls 25 of great strength, which are so designed as to mesh with each other, when in their closed position. With such an arrangement, the aforesaid consolidated and hardened ore body can be readily demolished and grabbed, thus enhancing the unloading efficiency.
  • a grab-bucket with opened bucket-shells 23 is suspended from an unloader and slowly lowered onto the surface of the ore 9.
  • the pawls 25 thereof will be pierced into the slurry body by virtue of the gravity or weight of the grab-bucket assembly itself, as shown at (2) of FIG. 6-1.
  • the factors affecting the grabbing capability of the grab-bucket are the weight of the grabbucket, the size and configuratiion thereof, the presence of the pawls and their shapes, and the number of turns of the wire ropes.
  • the grabbing capability of the grabbucket having bucket-shells of greater size will be greater.
  • the construction thereof will be less strong, and poor grabbing capability with result.
  • the bucket-shells are being closed, there will develop an upward tension on the wire ropes, thereby impairing the grabbing capability. This should also be put into consideration in designing grab-buckets of this type.
  • the ratio of the-weight W of the grab-bucket assembly to the inner volume V of the bucket-shells that is, the inner volume of the bucket-shells in their closed positron.
  • N" value of the piercing test which is widely accepted for use in the civil engineering field.
  • the value N as used herein is defined according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Al2l9 as the dropping cycles of a weight or a block of 63.5 kg which is dropped from the height of cm upon the top end of a pipe of 51 mm in diameter to drive the same into the ground to a depth of 30 cm, that is, how many times the weight has been dropped on the pipe to reach the specified depth.
  • the hardness of the iron ore of such a consolidated and hardened body covers the values from 15 to 25 in terms of the aforesaid definition. It is considered that a wide distribution of the N values results from varying transportation periods, that is, the navigation period, as well as the varying degrees of vibration and movement of a carrier under the varying weather conditions, .plus the resultant varying degrees of gravity consolidation and hardening and dehydration of the slurry body contained in the hold of a carrier.
  • Table I gives the values of the aforesaid factors which give the maximum unloading or grabbing efficiency for the ore body, by using the grab-bucket.
  • the grab-bucket of thepresent invention is smaller in size and greater in weight, such that the volume of the iron-ore grabbed in the grabbucket shells is smaller comparatively.
  • the volumetric specific gravity of the dry iron-ore is in the range from 2.5 to 2.7 ton/m whereas the volumetric specific gravity of the iron-ore which has been of a slurry state and which is consolidated and hardened to an N value of about I5 is in the neighborhood of 3.6 ton/m and, in addition, the volumetric specific gravity of the iron-ore which has been so consolidated and hardened to an N value of 25 is found to be 4.0 ton/m It can be seen from this that the harder the iron-ore of a consolidated body, the heavier and smaller in size the grab-bucket should be, such that the volume of'the iron-ore to be grabbed by the grab-bucket will be reduced.
  • the water contained in iron-ore of a slurry state is exuded out under gravity as a supernatant fluid on top of the slurry body, with the aid of vibration and movements of the carrier, and then the supernatant fluid is usually removed from the carrier. Accordingly,
  • Hardness of the consolidated l5 20 body of iron-ore (N value) Water content in ore body 9 7 7 5
  • the water content is the function of the hardness of the consolidated and hardened iron-ore, such that the hardness of the ore body should preferably be adjusted by using the aforesaid dehydrating means during the navigation of the iron-ore carrier to obtain the hardness of the ore body within the predetermined range which is commensurate with the characteristics of the grab-bucket used at the destination, thus providing maximum unloading efficiency.
  • the grabbucket of the present invention enables so-called wetloading of an iron-ore in a slurry state and dryunloading of the iron-ore of a consolidated and hardened body in and from the iron-ore carrier containing the ore in its hold, with improved unloading efficiency.
  • the grab-bucket is suspended by means of supporting wire ropes 33 from an unloader.
  • the grab-bucket consists of an upper frame 43 suspended by means of the first wire ropes 33, at least two pairs of suspension rods 42, 42 each connected at one end thereof with the upper frame 43, a pair of bucket-shells 41 pivotally connected at each of the edges thereof, on one side, with the other end of each of the suspension rods 42, a sheave box 44, with which the other edges of each of the pair of bucketshells are pivotally connected, the sheave box being suspended by means of second wire ropes 54 from the unloader, not shown, and adapted to be lowered so as to cause the bucket-shells to open, the bucket-shells each having mating edges adapted to mate with each other when the bucket-shells are brought into a closed position, the mating edges having a plurality of pawls 52 on and along each of the mating edges, and the pawls 52 being adapted to mesh with
  • the grab-bucket is lowered onto the top surface of the slurry body in a hold, and the wire ropes 54 are then wound up such that the pawls 52 may be pierced into the surface of the slurry body in a vertical direction at the initial state of the operation, followed by the horizontal operation of the bucket-shells 41 to thereby grab a certain volume of ironore of a consolidated and hardened body therein.
  • vibrating means 55 and 56 are provided on the outer surface of the grab-bucket, that is, on the outer sides of the suspensions rods 42 and bucket-shells 41, as shown, in the close vicinity of the mating edges thereof.
  • the vibrating means or 56 house therein an eccentric weight which is adapted to be rotated to thereby create the vibration.
  • the vibrating means 55 and 56 are provided on the outer surfaces of the suspension rods 42 or of the grab-bucket shells 41 is that, if such vibrating means are located on the inner surfaces of the bucket-shells 41 or of the rods 42, there arises a possibility of damage being given to the vibrating means. It is however not recommendable to encompass the vibrating means with another protecting casing, from the viewpoint of cooling the vibrating means. It follows that the vibrating means should be provided on the outer surfaces of the bucket-shells and rods, as shown at 55 and 56 in FIG. 7.
  • the vibrating means is driven electrically with an electric current being fed through an electric wire cable 57 led through the unloader from an electric power source.
  • the electric wire cable is retractable or extensible with the upward or downward movements of the grab-bucket, respectively, by the provision of a cable winding means, not shown, which is mounted on the body of the unloader.
  • the vibration which is to be caused by the vibrating means is required only when the bucket-shells are in contact with the consolidated body of iron-ore, since the vibratin during the winding and unwinding operation of the wire ropes is not desirable for the grabbing operation. It is accordingly desirable to provide an interlocking switch which is adapted to actuate the vibrating means only when the bucket-shells contact the consolidated ore body.
  • FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of such an interlocking switch.
  • a pressure sensitive means 49 between the grab-bucket body, that is, the upper frame 43 and the supporting wire ropes 33, such that the vibrating means will be free from actuation when a tension is present in the supporting wire ropes, and actuated on the other hand, when no tension is present.
  • the signal transmitting cables 40 which are adapted to transmit a signal from the pressure sensitive means 49 to the vibrating means 56, run through the upper frame 43 and rods 42 to protect themselves from damage.
  • the vibrating means will start operation, while, when the grabbing operation of the grabbucket has been completed and then the bucket-shells begin closing themselves by means of the wire ropes 54, then there will be created tension on the supporting wire ropes, whereupon the vibrating means will stop operation.
  • such an interlocking switch that is, a tension detecting means, may be provided between the wire ropes 54 and the structure of the grab-bucket.
  • a method for unloading iron ore from the hold of a shipping vessel comprising the steps of:
  • W/V weight to volume ratio
  • W/ZB ratio of length to width of opened grab-bucket to effective widths of mating edges
  • H/2B grabbing force per unit width of mating edges
  • a grab-bucket for use in unloading said iron-ore comprising:
  • a sheave box with which the other edges of said pair of bucket-shells are connected pivotally, said sheave box being suspended by means of second wire ropes from said unloader and adapted to be lowered to cause said bucket-shells to open;
  • said bucket-shells each having mating edges adapted to mate with each other when said bucket-shells are brought into a closed position, said mating edges having a plurality of pawls on and along each of said mating edges, and said pawls being adapted to mesh with each other in said closed position;
  • tension detecting means electrically connected by means of signal transmission cables with said vibrating means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
US371461A 1972-06-19 1973-06-19 Method for unloading an iron ore being in a state of a consolidated and hardened body and a grab-bucket for use in the same Expired - Lifetime US3896952A (en)

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JP6124172A JPS5430176B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012856A (en) * 1974-04-01 1977-03-22 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Grab or grab bucket and method of operating same
US4084336A (en) * 1975-07-17 1978-04-18 Kensetsu Kikai Chosa Kabushiki Kaisha Vibrator equipped grab bucket
NL1026307C2 (nl) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-05 Aannemingsbedrijf L Paans En Z Grijpinrichting.
CN105060107A (zh) * 2015-07-26 2015-11-18 安庆市港机制造有限责任公司 一种筛网振动式可分选抓斗
EP3056077A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-17 Cornelis Hendricus Liet A device for separating feed for livestock

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0637334U (ja) * 1992-10-26 1994-05-17 株式会社エフエスケー オゾン発生装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2152220A (en) * 1936-05-12 1939-03-28 Solomon Guillaume Jean Drilling bucket hammer
US2736444A (en) * 1953-07-24 1956-02-28 Luke E Smith Impact-type material handling clam-shell apparatus
US3030715A (en) * 1959-09-10 1962-04-24 Albert G Bodine Sonic wave earth digging and moving machines
US3606036A (en) * 1968-07-31 1971-09-20 Marcona Corp Method and apparatus for shipping mineral solids and other particulate matter

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4921950A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-06-19 1974-02-26

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2152220A (en) * 1936-05-12 1939-03-28 Solomon Guillaume Jean Drilling bucket hammer
US2736444A (en) * 1953-07-24 1956-02-28 Luke E Smith Impact-type material handling clam-shell apparatus
US3030715A (en) * 1959-09-10 1962-04-24 Albert G Bodine Sonic wave earth digging and moving machines
US3606036A (en) * 1968-07-31 1971-09-20 Marcona Corp Method and apparatus for shipping mineral solids and other particulate matter

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012856A (en) * 1974-04-01 1977-03-22 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Grab or grab bucket and method of operating same
US4084336A (en) * 1975-07-17 1978-04-18 Kensetsu Kikai Chosa Kabushiki Kaisha Vibrator equipped grab bucket
NL1026307C2 (nl) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-05 Aannemingsbedrijf L Paans En Z Grijpinrichting.
EP3056077A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-17 Cornelis Hendricus Liet A device for separating feed for livestock
NL2014296B1 (nl) * 2015-02-13 2016-10-13 Hendricus Liet Cornelis Inrichting voor het losmaken van veevoer.
US10609870B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2020-04-07 Cornelis Hendricus Liet Material handling device for separating feed for livestock
CN105060107A (zh) * 2015-07-26 2015-11-18 安庆市港机制造有限责任公司 一种筛网振动式可分选抓斗
CN105060107B (zh) * 2015-07-26 2017-01-11 苏忠鹤 一种筛网振动式可分选抓斗

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JPS5430176B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-09-28
JPS4920854A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-23

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