US3894543A - Smoking mixture - Google Patents

Smoking mixture Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894543A
US3894543A US482786A US48278674A US3894543A US 3894543 A US3894543 A US 3894543A US 482786 A US482786 A US 482786A US 48278674 A US48278674 A US 48278674A US 3894543 A US3894543 A US 3894543A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mixture according
smoking mixture
tobacco
solid residue
smoking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US482786A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Craig Anderson
Donald Calder
John Cormack Lovie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Group PLC
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Assigned to IMPERIAL GROUP PLC, A COMPANY OF UNITED KINGDOM reassignment IMPERIAL GROUP PLC, A COMPANY OF UNITED KINGDOM ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PLC
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A smoking mixture comprising a tobacco substitute in admixture with a solid residue obtained by removal of nicotine from Nicotiana Rustica or with a solvent extract of such a residue.
  • the present invention utilises, as a source of flavourant, a plant species called Nicotiana Rustica.
  • Nicotiana Rustica This contains very high proportions (about 14 percent) of nicotine and unlike Nicotiana Tobaccum it has not proved generally acceptable as the basis of smoking materials owing to its extremely strong and unpalatable flavour. Nicotiana Rustica is useful nevertheless as a source of nicotine for use in insecticides and in the fortification of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco and tobacco substitutes.
  • a smoking mixture comprises a tobacco substitute in admixture with a solid residue obtained by removal of nicotine from Nicotiana Rustica or with a solvent extract of such a residue.
  • Nicotiana Rustica Various methods are known for removing nicotine from Nicotiana Rustica (or indeed from tobacco) none being completely selective in separating nicotine from other constituents.
  • a preferred residue used in the invention is that produced by treating Nicotiana Rustica with alkali (particularly ammonia or potassium carbonate and especially lime) followed by steam distillation or leaching with water to remove the nicotine. Substantially complete removal of the nicotine can be achieved in this way if desired.
  • the smoking mixtures of the invention may contain either the said solid residue or a solvent extract therefrom such as may be obtained by extraction of the solid (for example in a Soxhlet apparatus) with a low boiling organic solvent.
  • suitable solvents include alcohols e.g. ethanol, ketones, e.g., acetone, hydrocarbons, e.g., hexane and chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., chloroform.
  • tobacco substitute means any solid substance which, though not of tobacco origin can be smoked in the same way as tobacco.
  • tobacco substitutes may be for example of carbohydrate origin, e.g., those described in British Pat. Nos. 1,055,473 and 1,143,500 and US. Pat. No. 3,106,209, namely cellulose, oxidised cellulose and lettuce leaves.
  • Cellulose ethers may also be used, particularly carboxymethyl cellulose and its salts.
  • the tobacco-substitute may be a thermally degraded carbohydrate, made for example by subjecting carbohydrate (particularly cellulose) to a catalysed degradation process at above 100 (e.g.,
  • the amount of solid residue in the smoking composition of the invention may be, for example from 1 to percent by weight of the amount of tobacco substitute, but for best flavour effect the preferred amount is from 5 to 15 percent.
  • the amount, on a solvent-free basis may be for example from 1 to 5 percent by weight of the tobacco substitute.
  • the smoking mixtures of the invention may desirably be fabricated into sheet or filamentary form with the aid of a binder.
  • Other known ingredients of smoking mixtures may be included to impart desired physical properties and burning characteristics.
  • the smoking mixtures may incorporate glowcontrolling catalysts, materials to improve ash coherence and colour, nicotine, other flavourants, medicaments, humectants or film-forming agents. If desired tobacco may also be incorporated.
  • Binders which may be used for fabrication of the smoking mixtures of the invention are, for example natural gums or pectins or cellulose ethers, especially carboxymethyl cellulose or a salt thereof.
  • the ingredients of the mixture with the solids preferably in a finely divided form, may be mixed with a sufficient quantity of water to produce a slurry which is then fabricated, for example into a sheet by casting on to a surface and drying. The sheet is then shredded to provide material in a form suitable for smoking.
  • tobacco When tobacco is incorporated in the mixture it may be as comminuted tobacco, which may be incorporated in the slurry before casting. Alternatively tobacco shred may be blended with the shredded sheet.
  • the smoking mixtures of the invention give palatably acceptable smokes and are generally preferred by smokers to comparable mixtures which do not contain any of the solid residue or solvent extract thereof.
  • the smoking mixtures of the invention may acceptably be blended with tobacco in higher proportions than the comparable mixtures which do not contain any of the said solid residue or solvent extract thereof.
  • Blends of tobacco with from 30 to 60 percent by weight of the smoking mixtures form a preferred feature of the invention.
  • the first procedure used a group of smokers expecially selected for their high consistent flavour sensitivity and long experience in testing the flavour of tobacco cigarettes. This group, called the Expert Panel, consisted of a small number of the order of 36 people.
  • the second procedure required a much larger number of panel assessments (minimum number 22; minimum panel size 11) and measured the preference for one cigarette against another.
  • the method was devised on a statistical basis such that the centainty that a preference existed could be stated as a percentage confidence. This panel was called the Statistical Preference Panel.
  • EXAMPLE 1 1.26 parts of glycerol dissolved in 4 parts of distilled water were mixed with 1.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose dissolved in 96 parts distilled water. 5.73 parts of magnesium carbonate (magnesite), 3.35 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.9 parts of bentonite, 4.81 parts of a material made by heating a-cellulose with ammonium sulphamate at 250 until the weight loss exceeded percent and 2.15 parts of a powdered residue obtained after passing steam through a mixture of 70 parts of ball milled Nicotinia Rustica, 20 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of lime for 45 minutes, were added and the whole stirred until homogeneous (about 1 hour).
  • the slurry was cast on glass plates to form a film on drying with a basis weight of 48-52 grams per square metre.
  • the film was shredded and made up into a blend containing 50 percent by weight of this shred and 50 percent by weight of flue-cured Virginian tobacco. Cigarettes from this blend were compared with a 50:50 blend of the same tobacco with identically prepared shred not containing any of the powdered residue.
  • the two cigarettes were compared using a statistical preference panel test and the panel stated a preference for the cigarettes containing the powdered residue with 96 percent confidence.
  • EXAMPLE 2 4.5 parts of a material made by heating a-cellulose with ammonium sulphamate at 250 until the weight loss exceeded 10 percent was mixed with 90 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 2.28 parts of the powdered residue remaining after leaching a mixture of 8 parts of powdered Nicotiana Rustica, 40 parts of water and 1 part of lime with 48 parts of water and drying were then added to this mixture, followed by 1 part of glycerol, 0.34 parts of ammonium sulphate, 0.84 parts bentonite, 2.76 parts of calcium carbonate and 4.8 parts of magnesium carbonate (magnesite). The resulting slurry was stirred for 1.0 minutes and 2.51 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose added and rapidly dispersed.
  • the resulting slurry was cast and dried to give a film of basis weight 48-52 grams/square metre.
  • the film was shredded and made into cigarettes which were flavour assessed by a panel of four experts against similar cigarettes not containing any of the powdered residue.
  • a tobacco taste and after-taste were detected in the former cigarette by all panellists whereas no panellist detected any tobacco taste or aftertaste in the cigarettes not containing any of the powdered residue.
  • EXAMPLE 3 5.24 parts of a material prepared by heat-treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate at 250 until the weight loss exceeded 10 percent was mixed with parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 1.18 parts of glycerol, 0.4 parts of ammonium sulphate in 10 parts of water was added to the stirred mix. A dry mixture consisting of 3.22 parts of calcium carbonate and 0.98 parts of bentonite was then added followed by 2.92 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5.58 parts of magnesite and an ethanol extract of the powdered residue obtained by steam distilling Nicotiana Rustica as described in Example 1.
  • the ethanol extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction of the Nicotiana Rustica residue for 18 hours during which time 5 percent of the residue dissolved.
  • 0.48 parts of extracted material was added to the slurry. After stirring for 1 hour the slurry was cast and dried to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 g/sq.m.
  • the film was shredded and made into cigarettes. When smoked these cigarettes had distinct tobacco flavour features.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that 0.26 parts of extracted material was added to the slurry instead of 0.48 parts.
  • the cigarettes when smoked had distinct tobacco flavour features.
  • EXAMPLE 5 5.25 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was mixed with 80 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 1.4 parts of glycerol and 0.2 parts of potassium acetate in 10 parts of water was added to the stirred mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 6.0 parts of calcium carbonate, 5.4 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.4 parts of carbon and 0.6 parts of glycerol was then added followed by an ethanol extract of the powdered residue obtained by steam distilling Nicotiana Rustica as described in Example 1. The ethanol extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction of the Eicotiana Rustica residue for 18 hours during which time 5 percent of the residue dissolved. In this example 0.48 parts of extracted material was added to the slurry. After drying for 1 hour the slurry was cast and dried to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 g/sq.m.
  • the film was shredded and made into cigarettes. When smoked these cigarettes had distinct tobacco flavour features.
  • EXAMPLE 6 5.24 parts of a-cellulose was mixed with 80 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 1.18 parts of glyc erol and 0.4 parts of ammonium sulphate in 10 parts of water was added to the stirred mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 3.22 parts of calcium carbonate and 0.98 parts of bentonite was then added followed by 2.92 parts of sodium 'carboxymethylcellulose, 5.58 parts of magnesite and an ethanol extract of the powdered residue obtained by steam distilling Nicotiana Rustica as described in Example 1. The ethanol extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction of the Nicotiana Rustica residue for 18 hours during which time 5 percent of the residue dissolved. In this example 0.48 parts of extracted material was added to the slurry. After stirring for 1 hour the slurry was cast and dried to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 g/sq.m.
  • the film was shredded and made into cigarettes. When smoked these cigarettes had distinct tobacco flavour features.
  • a smoking mixture comprising a tobacco substitute selected from the group consisting of cellulose ethers, and thermally degraded carbohydrates in admixture with an additive which enhances the tobaccolike flavor of said substitute, said additive being either a solid residue obtained by removal of nicotine from Nicotiana Rustica or a solvent extract of such a residue from which any toxic solvent is totally removed, said solid residue being obtained by treating Nicotiana with alkali followed by steam distillation or leaching with water to remove the nicotine.
  • thermoly degraded carbohydrate is thermally degraded cellulose.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 wherein the tobacco substitute comprises a carboxymethylcellulose or salt thereof.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 comprising said solid residue in an amount of l to 60 percent by weight of the said tobacco substitute.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 comprising said solid residue in an amount of 5 to 15 percent by weight of the said'tobacco substitute.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 comprising said solvent extract in an amount of l to 5 percent by weight of the said tobacco substitute, calculated on a solvent-free basis.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 comprising fabricated into sheet or filamentary form with the aid of a binder.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 11 wherein the binder is carboxymethyl cellulose or a salt thereof.
  • a process for the manufacture of a smoking mixture in sheet form comprising slurrying with water a tobacco substitute, a binder, a solid residue obtained by removal of nicotine from Nicotiana Rustica or a solvent extract of such a reside, together with any other ingredients, said solid residue being obtained by treating Nicotiana with alkali followed by steam distillation or leaching with water to remove the nicotine, casting the slurry on to a drying surface and then drying to form a sheet.
  • a smoking mixture according to claim 1 wherein the extract is obtained by extracting said solid residue with a low boiling alcohol.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
US482786A 1973-07-09 1974-06-24 Smoking mixture Expired - Lifetime US3894543A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3250473A GB1445111A (en) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Smoking mixture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3894543A true US3894543A (en) 1975-07-15

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ID=10339614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US482786A Expired - Lifetime US3894543A (en) 1973-07-09 1974-06-24 Smoking mixture

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US3894543A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5031096A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE816823A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2430284A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK367974A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2236430B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1445111A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IE (1) IE39299B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1049530B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7408195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244381A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-01-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Upgraded tobacco stem material and its method of preparation
US4256126A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-03-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Smokable material and its method of preparation
US4793365A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-12-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US4986286A (en) * 1989-05-02 1991-01-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
US5060669A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-10-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
US5074319A (en) * 1990-04-19 1991-12-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco extraction process
US5318050A (en) * 1991-06-04 1994-06-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
AU726153B2 (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-11-02 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
US6397852B1 (en) * 1996-03-07 2002-06-04 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
US6408856B1 (en) * 1996-03-07 2002-06-25 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
US20020162563A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Williams Jonnie R. Smokeless tobacco product
US6668839B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2003-12-30 Jonnie R. Williams Smokeless tobacco product
US20040020503A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-02-05 Williams Jonnie R. Smokeless tobacco product
US20080302377A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Michail Kassymovich Nauryzbaev Method for extraction of nicotine from tobacco raw material
CN104585865A (zh) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-06 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种含烟草提取物的电子烟烟液及其制备方法
WO2024233228A3 (en) * 2023-05-08 2025-01-16 Super Critical Ip, Llc. Processes and systems for converting edible biomass into alternative tobacco products

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4256123A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-03-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Smokable material containing thermally degraded tobacco by-products and its method of preparation
JPS58125657U (ja) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-26 株式会社クボタ 孔型付圧延ロ−ル用鋳型
JPS58125655U (ja) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-26 株式会社クボタ 孔型付圧延ロ−ル用鋳型

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US802487A (en) * 1903-12-28 1905-10-24 Karl Wimmer Treatment of tobacco for the removal of nicotin.
US3046997A (en) * 1960-09-27 1962-07-31 Philip Morris Inc Selective alkaloid extraction
US3461079A (en) * 1964-06-11 1969-08-12 Irving B Goldberg Gelled propellant compositions useful in aerosol dispensers
US3529602A (en) * 1969-02-27 1970-09-22 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco substitute sheet material
US3545448A (en) * 1966-05-19 1970-12-08 Ici Ltd Process for making a modified carbohydrate material for smoking mixtures and the material made thereby
US3638660A (en) * 1968-09-10 1972-02-01 Howard J Davis Method for making a tobacco substitute composition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2036188A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-03-06 1970-12-24 Seita

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US802487A (en) * 1903-12-28 1905-10-24 Karl Wimmer Treatment of tobacco for the removal of nicotin.
US3046997A (en) * 1960-09-27 1962-07-31 Philip Morris Inc Selective alkaloid extraction
US3461079A (en) * 1964-06-11 1969-08-12 Irving B Goldberg Gelled propellant compositions useful in aerosol dispensers
US3545448A (en) * 1966-05-19 1970-12-08 Ici Ltd Process for making a modified carbohydrate material for smoking mixtures and the material made thereby
US3638660A (en) * 1968-09-10 1972-02-01 Howard J Davis Method for making a tobacco substitute composition
US3529602A (en) * 1969-02-27 1970-09-22 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco substitute sheet material

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244381A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-01-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Upgraded tobacco stem material and its method of preparation
US4256126A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-03-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Smokable material and its method of preparation
US4793365A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-12-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US5076292A (en) * 1984-09-14 1991-12-31 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US4986286A (en) * 1989-05-02 1991-01-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
US5060669A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-10-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
US5074319A (en) * 1990-04-19 1991-12-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco extraction process
US5318050A (en) * 1991-06-04 1994-06-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco treatment process
US6408856B1 (en) * 1996-03-07 2002-06-25 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
US6397852B1 (en) * 1996-03-07 2002-06-04 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
AU726153B2 (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-11-02 British-American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Smokable filler material for smoking articles
US20020162563A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Williams Jonnie R. Smokeless tobacco product
US6668839B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2003-12-30 Jonnie R. Williams Smokeless tobacco product
US20040020503A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-02-05 Williams Jonnie R. Smokeless tobacco product
US6834654B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2004-12-28 Regent Court Technologies, Llc Smokeless tobacco product
US20080302377A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Michail Kassymovich Nauryzbaev Method for extraction of nicotine from tobacco raw material
US9004074B2 (en) * 2007-06-05 2015-04-14 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Method for extraction of nicotine from tobacco raw material
CN104585865A (zh) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-06 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种含烟草提取物的电子烟烟液及其制备方法
CN104585865B (zh) * 2015-01-20 2016-02-03 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种含烟草提取物的电子烟烟液及其制备方法
WO2024233228A3 (en) * 2023-05-08 2025-01-16 Super Critical Ip, Llc. Processes and systems for converting edible biomass into alternative tobacco products

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2430284A1 (de) 1975-02-06
FR2236430B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-04-28
IE39299B1 (en) 1978-09-13
BE816823A (fr) 1974-12-27
IT1049530B (it) 1981-02-10
IE39299L (en) 1975-01-09
FR2236430A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-07
GB1445111A (en) 1976-08-04
DK367974A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-24
NL7408195A (nl) 1975-01-13
JPS5031096A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-27

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AS Assignment

Owner name: IMPERIAL GROUP PLC, A COMPANY OF UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PLC;REEL/FRAME:004599/0794

Effective date: 19860603