US3890802A - Reinforced dike - Google Patents

Reinforced dike Download PDF

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Publication number
US3890802A
US3890802A US348473A US34847373A US3890802A US 3890802 A US3890802 A US 3890802A US 348473 A US348473 A US 348473A US 34847373 A US34847373 A US 34847373A US 3890802 A US3890802 A US 3890802A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dike
piles
recited
porous
reinforcing element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US348473A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edouard Auriat
Yves Gaudard
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Rhone Poulenc Textile SA
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Rhone Poulenc Textile SA
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Application filed by Rhone Poulenc Textile SA filed Critical Rhone Poulenc Textile SA
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Publication of US3890802A publication Critical patent/US3890802A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/102—Permanently installed raisable dykes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/13—Hook and loop type fastener

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A reinforced dike including two spaced piles of bags filled with a granular material, a hydraulic fill disposed in the space between the piles and at least one porous reinforcing element secured to the piles and extending between the piles in contact with the hydraulic fill.
  • the present invention relates to reinforced liquid barriers, such as dikes, and more particularly to reinforced dikes made from masses of granular elements, such as earth, sand, stone or similar non-cohesive materials, and textile materials for retaining and reinforcing the masses of granular elements.
  • dikes can be reinforced with non-woven sheets or strips or spunbonded non-woven materials.
  • the present invention has another object in the use of non-woventextile materials for forming the granular filled bags and for forming the reinforcing element.
  • the reinforced dike of the present invention may be quickly and easily constructed from inexpensive materials normally found at the construction site, the non-woven textile material provides reinforcement which allows passage of water but prevents the passage of the granular material, a stable barrier may be quickly constructed out of inexpensive materials which are substantially rot-proof and durable over prolonged periods of time, and dikes of any size may be easily constructed of granular material and textile material.
  • the present invention is generally characterized in a reinforced dike including two spaced piles of bags filled with a granular material, a hydraulic fill disposed in the space between the piles, and at least one porous reinforcing element secured to the piles and extending between the piles in contact with the hydraulic fill.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of the reinforced dike of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is across-section of another embodiment of the reinforced dike of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the reinforced dike of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the reinforced dike of the present invention.
  • the reinforced dike is shown as including two spaced piles generally indicated at 10 and 12 formed of bags 14 filled with a granular material 16 stacked at random on top of one another on the ground or base indicated generally at 18.
  • a hydraulic fill indicated generally at 20 is disposed in the space between piles 10 and 12.
  • the hydraulic fill is generally a granular material mixed with a fluid material, such as water.
  • a reinforcing element 22 is shown traversing the space between piles 10 and 12 and passing under the hydraulic fill 20. Reinforcingelement 22 is secured to the bags 14 of the piles l0 and 12 and to the base or ground 18 beneath the hydraulic fill 20 by means of iron pins 24.
  • the reinforcing element should be secured to the piles 10 and 12, it need not necessarily be secured to the ground or base 18 between the two piles; however, securing the reinforcing element to the ground has the advantage of increasing the stability of the dike.
  • Securing means other than iron pins are, of course, suitable in the present invention and may vary significantly with the type of material used in the construction of the reinforcing element. Examples of acceptable securement means include iron pins shown in FIG.
  • the reinforced dike utilizes several reinforcing elements 26 which pass through the hydraulic fill 20 in addition to a base reinforcing element 28 which transverses the ground or base beneath the entire dike.
  • the reinforcing element 28 is secured to the ground or base by the iron pins while the additional reinforcing elements 26 are secured at each end to a bag 14 of the granular material.
  • the method of securement of the ends of the reinforcing element 26 to the textile material of bag 14 is conveniently achieved by sewing or thermowelding in this embodiment.
  • the reinforcing elements 26 spanning the space between piles and 12 are clearly demonstrated. It is, of course, also noted that a single sheet of textile material may be utilized as the reinforcing element in place of the several elements shown in FIG. 3.
  • the reinforcing elements of the present invention therefore, may be sheets, strips, ropes or cables of the appropriate textile material.
  • the illustration of FIG. 3 also demonstrates the substantially parallel arrangement of piles l0 and 12. While particularly advantageous results are achieved by this substantially parallel arrangement, other arrangements of the spaced piles are suitable for the dike structure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a dike of an extremely strong and stable structure which may be quickly and easily constructed by workers with no previous training or skill in the construction of dikes.
  • a first layer 32 of bags of granular material may be placed on the ground or other similarly stable base 18 with another layer 34 of bags of the granular material placed on the ground adjacent the first layer.
  • a first sheet or strip of the porous reinforcing element 36 can then be placed over the two layers of bags and secured, for example, by pinning the reinforcing element with U-shaped members 38 that are forced through the textile material into the granular material contained in the bags.
  • a second layer may be formed in the same manner as the first. Layers three, four and so on may be likewise constructed until the desired height of the dike is attained. The space between the two piles of bags of granular material may then be filled with a mixture of sand and water or other similar granular material constituting the hydraulic fill 20. It is, of course, recognized that the hydraulic fill may be added layerby-layer during the construction of the dike if wide strips of reinforcement elements are utilized, or if such procedure otherwise facilitates the construction operation.
  • the completed reinforced dike while quickly constructed with very inexpensive materials, contains a great amount of reinforcement in the form of individual layers each reinforced and, therefore, is extremely stable as each layer is stabilized in and of itself. The combination of several of these layers, as shown in FIG. 4, results in a dike that can withstand the force of great amounts of water and yet allow sufficient passage of water through the individual components of the dike.
  • One particular advantage of the present invention is achieved by reinforced dike construction using sand as thegranular material of the present invention. It is further recognized, however, that granular material suit able for the present invention also includes the noncoherent particulate granular materials, such as earth, gravel, stones and the like, which are readily available and which may be easily obtained even at the site of construction of the dike itself.
  • the bags of the piles can be easily made by simple filling with the granular material.
  • One such standard filling operation includes the pumping of the granular material in a mixture with water wherein the excess water is eliminated as the filling takes place by passing through the walls of the bags.
  • the bags are constructed of a textile material which holds the granular material within the bag and yet allows the passage of water therethrough.
  • One such textile material of particular advantageous qualities is the nonwoven textile materials of the spunbonded type.
  • non-woven material of the spunbonded type By non-woven material of the spunbonded type, it should be understood that such non-woven sheets of materials are formed of continuous filaments generally arranged at random throughout the sheet.
  • the preparation or manufacture of the sheets is by conventional methods, such as extruding a synthetic polymer to form the individual filaments, orienting the filaments obtained by drawing from the extruded solutions, receiving the filaments on a mobile conveyor in the form of a sheet and binding them together, at least on the surface, by performing a calibrating or calendaring operation on the sheet.
  • Other non-woven materials may be formed from natural or synthetic fibrous materials by conventional wet or dry laid operations.
  • Suitable fibrous materials for use in the bags of the present invention include the conventional extruded filaments of non-woven sheets including polyesters, such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate; polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene adipamides, and polycaproamides; polyvinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride and their derivatives; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like, and other organic fibers, such as cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitriles and the like.
  • polyesters such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate
  • polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamides, and polycaproamides
  • polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride and their derivatives
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like
  • other organic fibers such as cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitriles and the like.
  • non-woven textile materials of synthetic filaments are the preferred material for making the bags of the present invention
  • other textile materials may also be used, such as conventional woven textile fabrics, such as burlap and other natural and synthetic fibrous materials.
  • Excellent durability and stability of the dike is achieved through the use of synthetic polymeric materials to form the reinforcing elements.
  • synthetic polymers are highly rot-proof and resistant to deterioration and any chemical action from the fluid material of the hydraulic fill or body of water acting on the reinforced dike.
  • the sheets, strips, ropes or cables are preferably made of the non-woven textile materials of the spunbond type described as preferred for the gravel containing bag material.
  • the non-woven material provides sufficient strength with a degree of porosity sufficient to allow fluid to flow effectively through the material but also sufficient to hold the granular material against substantial shifting and displacement from the dike structure.
  • a high degree of versatility is allowed in the choice of reinforcing elements to secure the granular material against shifting movement or other errosion under the force of the water flowing through the dike or impounded by the dike.
  • the stable dike is provided which allows the use of. inexpensive granular material which is not eroded or washed away and which also allows a sufficient flow of water therethrough.
  • reinforced dikes of the present invention can be achieved in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be adapted to particularly suit the surrounding terrain and degree of water control desired.
  • a reinforced dike comprising two spaced piles of bags filled with a granular material said bags constructed of a textile material consisting of a non-woven sheet of continuous filaments;
  • a hydraulic fill disposed in the space between said piles; and at least one porous non-woven textile reinforcing element secured to said piles and extending between said piles through said hydraulic fill, said reinforcing element being sufficiently porous to allow fluid flow therethrough and having sufficient strength to hold said granular material against substantial shifting and displacement from the dike structure.
  • porous reinforcing element is a non-woven sheet of continuous filaments.
  • porous reinforcing element is formed of strips of nonwoven continuous filaments.
  • porous reinforcing element is formed of ropes of a synthetic polymeric material.
  • said granular material is a non-cohesive material selected from the group consisting of earth, sand, gravel and stone.
  • a reinforced dike comprising a first layer of bags filled with granular material
  • At least one porous non-woven textile reinforcing element placed between each such additional layer and the immediate subjacent layer in each of said spaced piles and secured to the immediate subjacent layer in each of said piles, and;
  • said bags being constructed of a textile material consisting of a non-woven sheet of continuous filaments, and
  • said reinforcing elements extending between said piles through said hydraulic fill and being sufficiently porous to permit the passage of fluid therethrough and having sufficient strength to hold said granular material against substantial shifting and displacement from the dike structure.
  • porous reinforcing elements are formed of strips'of nonwoven continuous filaments of a synthetic polymeric material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
US348473A 1972-04-24 1973-04-06 Reinforced dike Expired - Lifetime US3890802A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7214763A FR2182304A5 (fr) 1972-04-24 1972-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3890802A true US3890802A (en) 1975-06-24

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US348473A Expired - Lifetime US3890802A (en) 1972-04-24 1973-04-06 Reinforced dike

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3890802A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4948135A (fr)
BE (1) BE798641A (fr)
DE (1) DE2320715A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2182304A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1409193A (fr)
IT (1) IT980073B (fr)
LU (1) LU67479A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7302830A (fr)
OA (1) OA04293A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA732466B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024719A (en) * 1975-02-08 1977-05-24 Akzona Incorporated Reinforced road foundation and method for making said road foundation
US4555201A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-11-26 Paoluccio John A Sediment dike apparatus and methods
US5915879A (en) * 1997-09-18 1999-06-29 Burnett; Peter G. Reducing leakage through sandbag dikes using a bentonite or other clay mud slurry
US6491431B2 (en) * 1996-02-16 2002-12-10 Helmut-Wolfgang Merten Sandbag envelope
US20070036615A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-02-15 Kim Hun S Freestanding wall structures made using sandbags
US20120027528A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Alfreds Kim L Retaining Wall Systems and Methods of Constructing Same
US8402875B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2013-03-26 Roger DeGreef Armor plated device
US8950160B1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-02-10 Preferred Inspections, Inc. Mortar packages and single-person method of using mortar packages for masonry construction

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3325067A1 (de) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-24 Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher Hochwasserschutz
DE29818371U1 (de) * 1998-10-14 2000-02-24 König, Josef, 83416 Saaldorf Vorrichtung für die Stabilisierung von Sandsackbarrieren insbesondere im Hochwasser- und Katastrophenschutz
GB2609452B (en) * 2021-07-30 2024-02-21 Dp World Fze An underwater structure construction method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2047197A (en) * 1935-03-25 1936-07-14 John R Fordyce Revetment
US3374635A (en) * 1966-06-29 1968-03-26 Horace C. Crandall Bags for use in revetment structures
US3568453A (en) * 1965-02-02 1971-03-09 Dart Ind Inc Apparatus for forming dikes
US3670506A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-06-20 Rhodiaceta Process for stabilizing soils
US3720067A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-03-13 J Aubert Method for building immersed structures and a device for carrying out said method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2047197A (en) * 1935-03-25 1936-07-14 John R Fordyce Revetment
US3568453A (en) * 1965-02-02 1971-03-09 Dart Ind Inc Apparatus for forming dikes
US3374635A (en) * 1966-06-29 1968-03-26 Horace C. Crandall Bags for use in revetment structures
US3670506A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-06-20 Rhodiaceta Process for stabilizing soils
US3720067A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-03-13 J Aubert Method for building immersed structures and a device for carrying out said method

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024719A (en) * 1975-02-08 1977-05-24 Akzona Incorporated Reinforced road foundation and method for making said road foundation
US4555201A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-11-26 Paoluccio John A Sediment dike apparatus and methods
US6491431B2 (en) * 1996-02-16 2002-12-10 Helmut-Wolfgang Merten Sandbag envelope
US5915879A (en) * 1997-09-18 1999-06-29 Burnett; Peter G. Reducing leakage through sandbag dikes using a bentonite or other clay mud slurry
US20070036615A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-02-15 Kim Hun S Freestanding wall structures made using sandbags
US8402875B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2013-03-26 Roger DeGreef Armor plated device
US9377275B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2016-06-28 Roger DeGreef Armor plated device
US20120027528A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Alfreds Kim L Retaining Wall Systems and Methods of Constructing Same
US9175453B2 (en) * 2010-07-30 2015-11-03 Alfreds & Alfreds, Inc. Retaining wall systems and methods of constructing same
US8950160B1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-02-10 Preferred Inspections, Inc. Mortar packages and single-person method of using mortar packages for masonry construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE798641A (fr) 1973-10-24
DE2320715A1 (de) 1973-11-15
OA04293A (fr) 1979-12-31
LU67479A1 (fr) 1973-07-06
ZA732466B (en) 1974-01-30
AU5478973A (en) 1974-10-24
GB1409193A (en) 1975-10-08
JPS4948135A (fr) 1974-05-10
NL7302830A (fr) 1973-10-26
FR2182304A5 (fr) 1973-12-07
IT980073B (it) 1974-09-30

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