US3890686A - Surface coating for ferrous alloy parts - Google Patents
Surface coating for ferrous alloy parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3890686A US3890686A US463923A US46392374A US3890686A US 3890686 A US3890686 A US 3890686A US 463923 A US463923 A US 463923A US 46392374 A US46392374 A US 46392374A US 3890686 A US3890686 A US 3890686A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- ranging
- percent
- vickers
- fesn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910005382 FeSn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910005391 FeSn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910005388 FeSnC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
- C23C10/08—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases only one element being diffused
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- FIG. 2 DEPTH SUPPORTING MATERIAL Fein BY WEIGHT) SURFACE "LAYER"
- the object of the present invention is to reconcile the various requirements. It relates to mechanical parts made of ferrous alloys which are treated in a manner such that, according to the invention, said parts are coated with a novel layer, having surprising properties, and called hereinafter the layer".
- a part coated with the layer increases substantially five of its mechanical characteristics mentioned hereinabove, that is, its resistance to seizing, to wear, to corrosion, and to shocks, as well as its ability to adsorb the oil film highly, while its sixth characteristic, that is, its overall resistance to fatigue, is not altered.
- FeSn from 5 to percent by volume FeSn from 60 to 90 percent by volume FeSnC, from O to 10 percent by volume.
- the FeSn content should be within the hatched area of FIG. 1;
- the FeSn content should be within the hatched area of FIG. 2;
- the FeSnC content should be within the hatched area of FIG. 3.
- the thickness of the layer will be indicated hereinafter by e, e being a value pre-selected as a function of the parameters of the problem of mechanics set.
- Said hardness laws are as follows: according to the Vickers standard and under a load of 15 g, the hardness at a depth e/5 from the outside to the inside should range from 500 to 650 Vickers; then, it increases and goes through a maximum which lies at a depth ranging from e/S to e, said maximum having to range from 600 to 900 Vickers.
- the test for resistance to seizing was carried out on a HEF type Tribometre apparatus.
- This is a friction simulator which allows, with a ring and a small plate, to represent a cylindrical sliding contact over a plane. While the ring is rotating, the parallele-pipedal plate describes a reciprocating translation motion, which allows keeping a constant generatrix contact for any length of time.
- Such a test when carried out in water on a plate of structural steel containing 0.35 percent carbon, with a ring of hardened cement steel, results in immediate seizing. On the contrary, under the same conditions, with a plate of the same material coated with the layer according to the invention, the test was voluntarily stopped after fifteen hours without any sign of seizing appearing.
- the test for adsorption of the oil film was carried out on a Faville Levally apparatus.
- the test tube which has a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 40 mm, is rotatively driven between two jaws cut in V-shape with angles of The jaws and test tube assembly are immersed in oil.
- a load which increases linearly as a function of the time is applied on the jaws.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the influence of the layer on the adsorption of an oil film.
- the reference tube made of structural steel containing 0.35 percent carbon, breaks its oil film at a load near to 600 daN, and seizes then immediately, while the test tube coated with the layer according to the invention may reach 2,500 daN without the coefficient of friction exceeding a value of 0.05 at the end of the test, which proves that the oil film is sufficient for ensuring the friction under hydrodynamic conditions.
- a micrographic examination of the tube shows that the supporting material has creeped and has been deeply cold-hammered, while the micro-layer has been compacted.
- the tests for resistance to wear were carried out by means of the conventional so-called pin on ring" device.
- the ring is given a rotary motion with a speed of r.p.m., that is, a sliding speed of 0.3 m/s;
- the load applied on the pin is 10 N.
- the wearing speed of a reference disk made of structural steel containing 0.35 percent carbon is 8 mg/hour, while the wearing speed of a disk made of the same Resistance to fatigue
- the results of tests made with rotative deflection indicate that a part having a surface of ferrous alloy coated with the layer according to the invention has a total resistance to fatigue which varies by about 1 percent: the limit of fatigue of a reference tube made of structural steel containing 0.48 percent carbon is 40.2 kg/mm while that ofa tube made of the same material and coated with the layer according to the invention is 40.6 kg/mm
- Such a variation is lower than the accuracy of the measurement, and shows therefore that the layer according to the invention has no adverse influence on the resistance of the treated parts to fatigue.
- the tests for resiliency (resistance to shocks) carried out with a Charpy pendulum-tap indicate a marked reduction of the brittleness of the test tubes treated: for instance, on carbon structural steel containing 0.48 percent carbon, the resiliency passes from 2.9 to 3.7 daJ/cm for tubes respectively uncoated and coated with the layer according to the invention, while on car bon structural steel containing 0.35 percent carbon the resiliency passes from 5.73 to 7.5 daJ/cm
- the tests for resistance to corrosion show that parts coated with the layer according to the-invention behave quite well in an atmospheric environment and in a saltcontaining environment, as compared with test tubes uncoated with the layer.
- the characteristics of resistance to corrosion of the layer are such that the weight losses registered are substantially the same as those for a stainless steel, that is, about 0.3 mglcm
- any method allowing obtaining the layer described hereinabove makes part. of the present invention, in particular methods such as cementations in gaseous phase by the metals, or the electolytic depo sitions followed by a baking operation intended to diffuse the metal deposited in the substrate.
- Non-limiting examples are given hereinafter, which describe the method for obtaining the layer according to the invention.
- Example 1 The part to be treated is immersed in a cement constituted by 5 percent of tin fluoride, SnF and 95 percent of an inert substance such as magnesia; the part cement assembly is raised to a temperature of 600C. A reducing atmosphere is maintained during the whole duration of the treatment by a flushing with hydrogen. After lhour of treatment, the part is coated with a dif fusion layer 50 micron thick, which is in accordance with the layer described in the present invention.
- Example 2 The part to be treated is raised to the temperature of 570C in an oven, in the presence of tin chloride vapours, SnCl such vapours being produced by heating tin chloride to the temperature of 500C in a secondary oven, and then introduced into the main oven by a stream of hydrogenated nitrogen. After l /zhour of treatment, the part is coated with a diffusion layer 50 micron thick, corresponding to the layer described in the present invention.
- Example 3 An electrolytic deposit of tin, 10 micron thick, is effected on the part to be treated, which is then subjected to the following heat treatment:
- a layer 25 micron thick is thus obtained on the surface of the part, said layer being in accordance with the layer described in the present invention.
- a mechanical part made of ferrous alloys and coated with a surface layer characterized in that said layer enables the part to resist wear, seizing, corrosion, and shocks at the same time, while simultaneously the ability to adsorb a film of lubricating oil increases without the resistance to fatigue being altered, said layer consisting essentially of the FeSn- FeSn, FeSnC, phases (.r ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 according to the following proportions:
- FeSn ranging from 5 to 30 percent by volume FeSn ranging from 60 to 95 percent by volume FeSnC, ranging from O to 10 percent by volume, the distribution of said three phases within the layer being in accordance with the diagrams of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7315787A FR2227346B1 (es) | 1973-04-25 | 1973-04-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3890686A true US3890686A (en) | 1975-06-24 |
Family
ID=9118718
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US463923A Expired - Lifetime US3890686A (en) | 1973-04-25 | 1974-04-24 | Surface coating for ferrous alloy parts |
US05/532,105 Expired - Lifetime US3996400A (en) | 1973-04-25 | 1974-12-12 | Method for surface coating ferrous alloy parts |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/532,105 Expired - Lifetime US3996400A (en) | 1973-04-25 | 1974-12-12 | Method for surface coating ferrous alloy parts |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3890686A (es) |
JP (1) | JPS5041725A (es) |
AR (1) | AR202924A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR7403398D0 (es) |
CA (1) | CA1059845A (es) |
DE (1) | DE2419716A1 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2227346B1 (es) |
GB (1) | GB1436661A (es) |
IT (1) | IT1010088B (es) |
NL (1) | NL7405574A (es) |
SE (1) | SE398132B (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA742640B (es) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4015950A (en) * | 1974-01-29 | 1977-04-05 | Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) | Surface treatment process for steels and article |
US5575902A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1996-11-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Cracking processes |
US5593571A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1997-01-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Treating oxidized steels in low-sulfur reforming processes |
US5674376A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-07 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low sufur reforming process |
US5723707A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-03-03 | Chevron Chemical Company | Dehydrogenation processes, equipment and catalyst loads therefor |
US5807842A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-09-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrocarbon processing in equipment having increased halide stree-corrosion cracking resistance |
US5849969A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
US5914028A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1999-06-22 | Chevron Chemical Company | Reforming process with catalyst pretreatment |
US6139909A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-31 | Chevron Chemical Company | Using hydrocarbon streams to prepare a metallic protective layer |
US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-07-10 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Cracking processes |
US6274113B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-08-14 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
US6419986B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
US6630257B2 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2003-10-07 | U.S. Nanocorp. | Thermal sprayed electrodes |
US6689424B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-02-10 | Inframat Corporation | Solid lubricant coatings produced by thermal spray methods |
USRE38532E1 (en) | 1993-01-04 | 2004-06-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Hydrodealkylation processes |
US6794086B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2004-09-21 | Sandia Corporation | Thermally protective salt material for thermal spraying of electrode materials |
US20050048370A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2005-03-03 | Guidotti Ronald A. | Energy storage and conversion devices using thermal sprayed electrodes |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5825758B2 (ja) * | 1979-11-22 | 1983-05-30 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 溶接塗装缶用鋼板 |
US4505946A (en) * | 1980-12-02 | 1985-03-19 | Aichi Steel Works, Limited | Method for coating metal with a dissimilar metal |
DE19652987C2 (de) * | 1996-12-19 | 2000-10-05 | Wieland Werke Ag | Bandförmiges Verbundmaterial sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3174917A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1965-03-23 | United States Steel Corp | Method of making tin plate |
US3481841A (en) * | 1965-09-20 | 1969-12-02 | Inland Steel Co | Tin plate treating process to improve corrosion resistance |
US3522154A (en) * | 1967-05-31 | 1970-07-28 | Du Pont | Codeposited iron and tin electroplate and a process and electroplating bath for its preparation |
Family Cites Families (7)
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CA468796A (en) * | 1950-10-17 | Diffusion Alloys Limited | Metallic coatings on other metals | |
CA816656A (en) * | 1969-07-01 | Inoue Morio | Deposition method of refractory metal | |
US2689807A (en) * | 1950-06-16 | 1954-09-21 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of coating refractory metal articles |
US2815299A (en) * | 1955-10-24 | 1957-12-03 | Nat Res Corp | Method of producing an adherent molybdenum coating on a metal substrate |
FR1527560A (fr) * | 1966-06-20 | 1968-05-31 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés de dépôt de métaux réfractaires, et dispositif pour son application |
US3625751A (en) * | 1968-11-06 | 1971-12-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Transparent astatic plastic articles having ammonium sulfonic acids groups on the surface thereof and method for their production |
US3617359A (en) * | 1969-01-13 | 1971-11-02 | Texas Instruments Inc | Process for the vapor deposition of metals |
-
1973
- 1973-04-25 FR FR7315787A patent/FR2227346B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-04-23 GB GB1774374A patent/GB1436661A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-24 US US463923A patent/US3890686A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-24 IT IT21899/74A patent/IT1010088B/it active
- 1974-04-24 DE DE2419716A patent/DE2419716A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-04-24 SE SE7405526A patent/SE398132B/xx unknown
- 1974-04-25 JP JP49047480A patent/JPS5041725A/ja active Pending
- 1974-04-25 NL NL7405574A patent/NL7405574A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1974-04-25 ZA ZA00742640A patent/ZA742640B/xx unknown
- 1974-04-25 BR BR3398/74A patent/BR7403398D0/pt unknown
- 1974-04-25 AR AR253466A patent/AR202924A1/es active
- 1974-05-17 CA CA 200259 patent/CA1059845A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-12 US US05/532,105 patent/US3996400A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3174917A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1965-03-23 | United States Steel Corp | Method of making tin plate |
US3481841A (en) * | 1965-09-20 | 1969-12-02 | Inland Steel Co | Tin plate treating process to improve corrosion resistance |
US3522154A (en) * | 1967-05-31 | 1970-07-28 | Du Pont | Codeposited iron and tin electroplate and a process and electroplating bath for its preparation |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4015950A (en) * | 1974-01-29 | 1977-04-05 | Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) | Surface treatment process for steels and article |
US5674376A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-07 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low sufur reforming process |
US5863418A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1999-01-26 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low-sulfur reforming process |
US6548030B2 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 2003-04-15 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Apparatus for hydrocarbon processing |
US5676821A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Method for increasing carburization resistance |
US5723707A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-03-03 | Chevron Chemical Company | Dehydrogenation processes, equipment and catalyst loads therefor |
US5849969A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
US5593571A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1997-01-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Treating oxidized steels in low-sulfur reforming processes |
US5866743A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1999-02-02 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
USRE38532E1 (en) | 1993-01-04 | 2004-06-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Hydrodealkylation processes |
US5575902A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1996-11-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Cracking processes |
US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-07-10 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Cracking processes |
US6274113B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-08-14 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
US6602483B2 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2003-08-05 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
US6139909A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-31 | Chevron Chemical Company | Using hydrocarbon streams to prepare a metallic protective layer |
US5807842A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-09-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrocarbon processing in equipment having increased halide stree-corrosion cracking resistance |
US6419986B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
US5914028A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1999-06-22 | Chevron Chemical Company | Reforming process with catalyst pretreatment |
US6630257B2 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2003-10-07 | U.S. Nanocorp. | Thermal sprayed electrodes |
US20050048370A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2005-03-03 | Guidotti Ronald A. | Energy storage and conversion devices using thermal sprayed electrodes |
US6926997B2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2005-08-09 | Sandia Corporation | Energy storage and conversion devices using thermal sprayed electrodes |
US7491469B2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2009-02-17 | U.S. Nanocorp, Inc. | Energy storage and conversion devices using thermal sprayed electrodes |
US6689424B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-02-10 | Inframat Corporation | Solid lubricant coatings produced by thermal spray methods |
US6794086B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2004-09-21 | Sandia Corporation | Thermally protective salt material for thermal spraying of electrode materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE398132B (sv) | 1977-12-05 |
FR2227346A1 (es) | 1974-11-22 |
JPS5041725A (es) | 1975-04-16 |
NL7405574A (es) | 1974-10-29 |
BR7403398D0 (pt) | 1974-12-24 |
IT1010088B (it) | 1977-01-10 |
DE2419716A1 (de) | 1974-11-07 |
GB1436661A (en) | 1976-05-19 |
US3996400A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
CA1059845A (en) | 1979-08-07 |
AR202924A1 (es) | 1975-07-31 |
FR2227346B1 (es) | 1976-11-12 |
ZA742640B (en) | 1975-03-26 |
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