US3887172A - Apparatus for the treatment of a molten metal bath - Google Patents

Apparatus for the treatment of a molten metal bath Download PDF

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Publication number
US3887172A
US3887172A US338668A US33866873A US3887172A US 3887172 A US3887172 A US 3887172A US 338668 A US338668 A US 338668A US 33866873 A US33866873 A US 33866873A US 3887172 A US3887172 A US 3887172A
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United States
Prior art keywords
riser
molten metal
gas
metal
melt
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Expired - Lifetime
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US338668A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Funck
Arthur Schummer
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Arcelor Luxembourg SA
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Arbed SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/40—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
    • B01F33/405—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes in receptacles having guiding conduits therein, e.g. for feeding the gas to the bottom of the receptacle
    • B01F33/4051—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes in receptacles having guiding conduits therein, e.g. for feeding the gas to the bottom of the receptacle with vertical conduits through which the material is being moved upwardly driven by the fluid
    • B01F33/40511—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes in receptacles having guiding conduits therein, e.g. for feeding the gas to the bottom of the receptacle with vertical conduits through which the material is being moved upwardly driven by the fluid with a central conduit or a central set of conduits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0085—Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0087—Rotation about a vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • F27D27/005—Pumps

Definitions

  • Treating agents may be supplied to the UNITED STATES PATENTS circulating metal within the duct. 2,067,394 1/1937 Hall 266/34 T 3,033,550 5/l962 Harders etc......... 266/34 T 8 Chums, 8 Drawing Figures APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A MOLTEN METAL BATH FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the treatment of molten metals in baths thereof in a casting ladle or other metallurgical receptacle may be carried out for a variety of reasons. In general, the molten metal is covered by a slag which has a lower specific gravity and, at least in some cases, is not to be dispersed in the melt.
  • metal treatment includes the addition of a reactive substance, e.g. a desulfurizing or acid slag to the melt, the admixture of an alloying agent therewith and/or the circulation or agitation of the mold to achieve degasification.
  • the additive may be cast directly onto the bath in a metallurgical receptacle, this having the disadvantage that the additive is frequently intercepted by the slag layer and does not come into intimate contact with the molten metal.
  • a finely divided additive e.g. a treating substance as described or an alloying agent
  • a gas through a lance or the like reaching below the slag layer.
  • the additive has a low specific gravity so that it rapidly rises into the slag layer without prolonged contact with the molten metal.
  • the agitation of the entire bath produced by injecting the additive in a gas stream entrains portions of the slag layer into undesirable contact with the heart of the melt.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a system for the introduction of additives into a moltenmetal bath and/or for the circulation of a molten metal in which slag entrainment from an overlying layer is minimized unless such slag entrainment is deemed to be advantageous.
  • a system for treating a molten-metal melt, especially iron (e.g. cast-iron) and steel, in a bath containing the molten metal surmounted by a slag layer, to add a metal-treating (reactive or alloying) ingredient thereto or simply to cause circulation of the metal which comprises generating an upwardly moving stream of molten metal segregated from the remainder of the melt by injecting a gas into the molten metal of the rising column, separating the gas from the molten metal at a location above that at which the molten metal is drawn into the column, and discharging the molten metal laterally from the column in the region at which the gas is separated from the molten metal and wholly without the ladle or metallurgical receptacle.
  • the apparatus for this purpose, comprises a riser reaching downwardly into the metallurgical receptacle or vessel containing the molten-metal bath, e.g. a casting ladle, the riser being provided with an inlet close to the bottom of the vessel and one or more lateral outlets at a location spaced above the inlet.
  • a riser reaching downwardly into the metallurgical receptacle or vessel containing the molten-metal bath, e.g. a casting ladle, the riser being provided with an inlet close to the bottom of the vessel and one or more lateral outlets at a location spaced above the inlet.
  • Means is provided to inject a gas under pressure at this base of this column and, in the region of the lateral outlet, a decanting or separating chamber is formed for enabling the gas to separate from the metal gas column of low specific gravity ascending the column.
  • the gas thus acts in a manner similar to the compressed air in an air-lift pump to raise the molten metal in a confined column in the form of a emulsion whose apparent density is less than that of the surrounding metal bath.
  • the buoyant force therefore causes the emulsion to rise with a dynamic effect similar to that of pumping to enable a continuous circulation to be maintained between the bottom of the bath and an upper location at which the lateral outlets discharge the molten metal.
  • the lateral outlets will be disposed below the layer of slag overlying the bath and means may be provided for introducing the treating ingredient (reactive agent or alloying component) to the column prior to its discharge from the lateral outlet.
  • the slag layer thus does not interfere with the introduction of the additive and a dispersion of the latter into the body of the melt without interfering with the slag layer, or interference thereby.
  • the lateral outlets can be disposed in or slightly above the slag layer, whereupon the discharged metal will entrain the slag into the body of the melt. This latter system may be used for effecting treatment of the molten metal with a reactive slag.
  • the treating agent contact both the molten metal and the slag, it may be added when the lateral openings are disposed above the slag/metal interface.
  • the lateral outlets are constituted as nozzles directing jets of the molten metal generally obliquely toward the base of the vessel, i.e. diverting the rising column through an obtuse angle downwardly into the melt, the nozzle or jet including an acute angle preferably between 30 and 55, with the vertical axis of the column or riser.
  • the additive may be simply dispensed on top of the metal in the column or may be introduced into the latter at the base thereof, the additive being injected in a carrier gas, e.g. the gas used to levitate the molten metal.
  • a carrier gas e.g. the gas used to levitate the molten metal.
  • the riser may be provided directly (unitarily) with means for injecting gas under pressure into the column at the base thereof or else the gas-injecting means may be provided on the floor of the vessel or may be formed directly in the floor in vertical alignment with the riser. Alternatively, a separate assembly may be provided between the floor of the vessel and the mouth of the riser for injecting gas under pressure into the molten metal.
  • the gas-injecting means may be a chamber or pipe provided with a multiplicity of perforations or a bundle of small tubes.
  • the gas injector and/or riser are interchangeably fixed on the bottom of the treatment vessel.
  • the lateral outlets are preferably provided in diametrically opposite pairs at the aforementioned upper location of the riser and may have passages which begin at overflow passages or weirs within the treatment device.
  • each outlet may lie along a radius of the device, preferably with an outlet axis in an axial plane thereof, the outlets being angularly equispaced about the riser.
  • the device is disposed centrally in the metallurgical receptacle and is maintained stationary during the operating treatment. No mechanical pumping operation utilizing the riser is intended. How ever, it has been found to be advantageous to vary the pumping rate (rate of flow or circulation of the melt) by varying the gas-supply rate and/or pressure substantially periodically.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical cross-sectional view through an apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section through a metalcirculating device according to another embodiment thereof.
  • FIG. 3 is a somewhat more detailed diagrammatic vertical section through an apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV IV of FIG. 3, the various ducts being omitted;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a portion of the latter embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational view, partly broken away, showing a recirculating device replaceably mounted on the floor of a metallurgical receptacle.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic vertical section showing another technique for introducing a treating agent into the molten metal.
  • the recirculating device 2 shown in FIG. 1 consists essentially of a riser tube 20, a decanting chamber 22 and a pair of lateral downwardly opening outlets 23.
  • the device functions in conjunction with a pressurizedgas injector 21 which is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1 and can be fixed to the lower end of tube 20 or independent therefrom.
  • the device 2 is immersed vertically in a casting ladle 10 containing a bath ll of a molten metal (cast iron or steel) covered by a layer 12 of slag.
  • the passages of the outlets 23 are inclined toward the base of the vessel and lie below the surface of the metal bath.
  • the device 2 is immersed in the ladle 10 by covering the openings with a consumable cap or cover of thin sheet metal or cardboard. While it is in contact with the molten metal, it is maintained stationary and the consumable covers decompose at the temperature of the melt to permit access of molten metal to the riser and the discharge passages while preventing entry of slag during immersion.
  • the pressurized gas produces small bubbles within the molten metal at the base of the riser thereby forming an emulsion and lifting the liquid metal upwardly within the column toward the top thereof.
  • the bubbles of gas are separated from the molten metal and the gas emerges from the upwardly open duct 24 above the decanting chamber.
  • the molten metal passes laterally through the overflow outlets 23 and returns to the melt within the bath. As a consequence, a circulation of molten metal is established through the device. In the heart of the bath, therefore, there is a rising column of molten metal and descending currents are formed as represented by the arrows in FIG. 1 throughout the remainder of the bath.
  • the additive is supplied to the molten metal within the column and hence the slag layer does not interfere with such addition and the circulation is free from entrainment of slag. It should be noted that the overflow discharge of the molten metal ensures that the molten metal leaving the outlet will be in laminar flow, thereby minimizing the entrainment of slag.
  • the additives are preferably introduced in the form of powders, granules, electroeroded portions of a consumable electrode or in any other form facilitating dispersion in the metal of the column.
  • the additives may have a density less than that of the metal since they are entrained by the circulating stream thereof and may be added by blowing them, in a carrier gas, into the column of metal.
  • the additive may thus be introduced by a lance extending downwardly coaxially through the riser.
  • the device When it is desirable to bring about a reaction between the slag and the circulating metal, the device may be raised so that its outlets lie within the layer or above the layer of slag.
  • the flow of metal is varied periodically by varying the flow of gas to the pumping outlets in a similar manner.
  • the decanting chamber preferably has a frustoconical or frustophramidal configuration and it has been found that the configuration of the decanting chamber shown in FIG. 2 is particularly advantageous for the separation of gas from the molten metal.
  • the extension 24 of this chamber advantageously has a cross-section which is greater than that of the riser 20 to decelerate the circulating stream.
  • the cross-sectional area of the extension may be in a ratio to that of the riser of 3:l to
  • the device Below the decanting chamber, the device has a downwardly converging configuration at 25 to facilitate the insertion of the device into the bath and to weight down the device. It has also been found to facilitate rotation of the device when such rotation may be desirable.
  • the gas injector may be incorporated in the tube or disposed below the base thereof, or may be composed of porous refractory brick or bundles of tubes disposed on the floor of the vessel or upon a ledge having a face confronting the mouth of the tube. An injection lance extending axially through the tube may also be employed.
  • the recirculating gas is advantageously an inert gas although reactive gases may be employed for oxidizing and reducing purposes.
  • a suitable inert gas is argon and, when increased nitrogen content is required, the gas may be nitrogen.
  • the gas required for lifting the column of metal may also be obtained in situ by introducing a thermally decomposable material in a gas stream, the material such as a carbonate decomposing to increase the volume of gas.
  • the system has been used effectively for the reduction of the silicon level of ferrous metals and for the desulfurization, dephosphorization and de-oxidation thereof. It has been found to be effective also for adding alloying ingredients, for thermally or chemically homogenizing the melt or for the degasing thereof. Highly reproducible results are obtained thereby.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 we show a modified system in which the ladle 32 is formed at its base with a tube bundle 33 opening upwardly and communicating with a chamber 34 connected by valve 30 to a manifold 31.
  • a gas injector 36 in the form of a ring having perforations 37 communicating with a duct 38 connected by a valve 39 to the manifold 31.
  • the riser 40 of the recirculating device may be provided directly with gas-injecting perforations 41 along the bottom of this riser, the perforations communicating with a chamber 42 connected by a duct 43 to a valve 44 leading to the manifold 31.
  • a lance 45 shown to be offset to one side of the recirculating device but preferably disposed coaxially therein, opens at 46 at the bottom of the riser 40 and communicates at its upper end with a valve 47 connected with the manifold 31.
  • Another lance 48 likewise connected by a valve 49 to the manifold 31, is immersed below the level L to which the molten metal is carried in the recirculator when the sheet-metal caps 50, 51 and 52 covering the openings are destroyed in situ.
  • Still another lance 55 may be provided with an outlet trained on the surface L of the melt within the column and is connected by a valve 56 to the manifold 31.
  • a tube 58 is employed, this tube being connected by a valve 59 to the manifold.
  • a compressor 62 or a tank 63 of pressurized gas is connected to the manifold and one of the valves 30, 39, 44 and 47 is opened to produce the gas-lift action described above.
  • the metering devices 64 and 65 may also be selectively operated to introduce the additive at any desired level within the column.
  • the column is vertically positioned by a rack-pinion arrangement 66, operated by the motor 67, to locate the outlets within the slag layer as shown by dot-dash lines or above the slag layer as represented by doubledot-dash lines.
  • the riser 40 has a diameter d which is substantially less than the diameter D of the extension of the decanting chamber 69 while the outlets 68 lie in axial planes P are diametrically opposite, and extend along radii of the device.
  • has a rectangular crosssection and an area A, while the extension 72 has an area A, which is substantially greater.
  • the outlets 73 are provided in a frustopyramidal structure.
  • FIG. 7 shows that the riser 20, 40, 71, may be removably mounted in a pedestal 75 at the floor 76 of the ladle, a porous-brick gas discharge device 77 being pro vided within the pedestal an opening of which is illustrated at 78 to permit entry of molten metal to the bottom of the riser.
  • FIG. 8 shows that a consumable electrode 79 may be provided to react with the molten metal 80 in the extension 24, 70, 72 to introduce the alloying ingredient into the melt.
  • An apparatus for the treatment of molten metal in a bath thereof comprising a receptacle receiving said bath of molten metal overlain by a slag layer; a circularcross-section riser immersed in the molten metal and open at the bottom thereof; gas-injector means at the bottom of said riser for injecting gas into the molten metal and inducing an upward flow of a gas/metal mixture therein; a generally frustoconical decanting chamber on said riser at a location spaced above the bottom thereof and provided with a plurality of downwardly and outwardly trained radially extending nozzles for discharging molten metal into the melt upon separation of gas from the molten metal, said nozzles including angles of 30 to 55 with the axis of said riser; and a circular cross-section extension of said chamber extending through said layer and opening upwardly thereabove for discharging the gas separated from said mixture, the cross-section of said extension being greater than that of said riser.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US338668A 1972-03-08 1973-03-07 Apparatus for the treatment of a molten metal bath Expired - Lifetime US3887172A (en)

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LU64926 1972-03-08

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JP (1) JPS48102020A (en)van)
AT (1) AT344766B (en)van)
BE (1) BE796312A (en)van)
DE (1) DE2310972A1 (en)van)
FR (1) FR2175001B1 (en)van)
GB (1) GB1423236A (en)van)
IT (1) IT982878B (en)van)
LU (1) LU64926A1 (en)van)
NL (1) NL7303277A (en)van)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178175A (en) * 1973-06-08 1979-12-11 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method for agitating a bath of melted metal for treating the same
US4195823A (en) * 1975-05-19 1980-04-01 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method of and an apparatus for agitating a bath of melted metal for treating the same
US5470201A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-11-28 Metaullics Systems Co., L.P. Molten metal pump with vaned impeller
US5597289A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-01-28 Thut; Bruno H. Dynamically balanced pump impeller
US5634770A (en) * 1992-06-12 1997-06-03 Metaullics Systems Co., L.P. Molten metal pump with vaned impeller
US5660810A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-08-26 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for delivering hot, aggressive media
US6019576A (en) * 1997-09-22 2000-02-01 Thut; Bruno H. Pumps for pumping molten metal with a stirring action
WO2006021066A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 De Castro Marcio Moraes System of gas and/or gas and powders injection in liquid metals throough rotary refractory lance
CN109706288A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-03 东北大学 一种钢包侧吹喷粉精炼钢液装置及方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0000466A1 (de) * 1977-07-13 1979-02-07 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Einbringen von körnigen Stoffen in eine Metallschmelze und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US4681625A (en) * 1980-11-03 1987-07-21 Wilson William G Methods for simultaneously desulfurizing and degassing steels
FR2512067B1 (fr) * 1981-08-28 1986-02-07 Pechiney Aluminium Dispositif rotatif de dispersion de gaz pour le traitement d'un bain de metal liquide

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2067394A (en) * 1933-12-20 1937-01-12 Us Smelting Refining & Mining Method and apparatus for treating molten metal with gas
US3033550A (en) * 1958-05-22 1962-05-08 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Treatment of metal melts
US3314669A (en) * 1961-12-06 1967-04-18 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Vacuum chambers for degasifying metal melts
US3320053A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-05-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of injecting gases into steel melts
US3367396A (en) * 1965-04-05 1968-02-06 Heppenstall Co Installation for the vacuum treatment of melts, in particular steel melts, and process for its operation
US3573895A (en) * 1967-02-09 1971-04-06 Ostberg Jan Erik Method for improving reactions between two components of a metallurgical melt
US3664652A (en) * 1968-10-22 1972-05-23 Air Liquide Method and apparatus for the treatment of molten metal

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2067394A (en) * 1933-12-20 1937-01-12 Us Smelting Refining & Mining Method and apparatus for treating molten metal with gas
US3033550A (en) * 1958-05-22 1962-05-08 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Treatment of metal melts
US3314669A (en) * 1961-12-06 1967-04-18 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Vacuum chambers for degasifying metal melts
US3320053A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-05-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of injecting gases into steel melts
US3367396A (en) * 1965-04-05 1968-02-06 Heppenstall Co Installation for the vacuum treatment of melts, in particular steel melts, and process for its operation
US3573895A (en) * 1967-02-09 1971-04-06 Ostberg Jan Erik Method for improving reactions between two components of a metallurgical melt
US3664652A (en) * 1968-10-22 1972-05-23 Air Liquide Method and apparatus for the treatment of molten metal

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178175A (en) * 1973-06-08 1979-12-11 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method for agitating a bath of melted metal for treating the same
US4195823A (en) * 1975-05-19 1980-04-01 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method of and an apparatus for agitating a bath of melted metal for treating the same
US5470201A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-11-28 Metaullics Systems Co., L.P. Molten metal pump with vaned impeller
US5586863A (en) * 1992-06-12 1996-12-24 Metaullics Systems Co., L.P. Molten metal pump with vaned impeller
US5634770A (en) * 1992-06-12 1997-06-03 Metaullics Systems Co., L.P. Molten metal pump with vaned impeller
US5660810A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-08-26 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for delivering hot, aggressive media
US5597289A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-01-28 Thut; Bruno H. Dynamically balanced pump impeller
US6019576A (en) * 1997-09-22 2000-02-01 Thut; Bruno H. Pumps for pumping molten metal with a stirring action
WO2006021066A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 De Castro Marcio Moraes System of gas and/or gas and powders injection in liquid metals throough rotary refractory lance
CN109706288A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-03 东北大学 一种钢包侧吹喷粉精炼钢液装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS48102020A (en)van) 1973-12-21
NL7303277A (en)van) 1973-09-11
DE2310972A1 (de) 1973-09-20
ATA207273A (de) 1977-12-15
FR2175001B1 (en)van) 1976-05-21
IT982878B (it) 1974-10-21
BE796312A (fr) 1973-07-02
GB1423236A (en) 1976-02-04
AT344766B (de) 1978-08-10
FR2175001A1 (en)van) 1973-10-19
LU64926A1 (en)van) 1973-09-12

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