US3886500A - Flat hybrid-t structure for transmitting wave energy - Google Patents

Flat hybrid-t structure for transmitting wave energy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3886500A
US3886500A US422103A US42210373A US3886500A US 3886500 A US3886500 A US 3886500A US 422103 A US422103 A US 422103A US 42210373 A US42210373 A US 42210373A US 3886500 A US3886500 A US 3886500A
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line
channel
gaps
lines
channels
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US422103A
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Michel Baril
San Hoang Vu
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/20—Magic-T junctions

Definitions

  • a flat hybrid-T structure comprises an array of transmission lines formed on a ceramic substrate.
  • One line exhibits a symmetrical field structure and another line exhibits an asymmetrical field structure, the propagation axes of both lines being aligned.
  • a third line is divided into two identical branches and is perpendicular to the other two. Depending on which line is excited by a potential difference, the junction produced at the intersection of the lines behave like a shunt or series T-junction depending on the type of the third line.
  • SHEET 3 5107' LINE METAll/ZED FACE 6 (MAM/c SUBSTRATE (OPZA/VAR L l/VE FLAT HYBRID-T STRUCTURE FOR TRANSMITTING WAVE ENERGY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.
  • the present invention relates to hybrid-T structures for the transmission of electromagnetic waves, more particularly to structures known as magic T's.
  • a magic-T structure belongs to a larger class of structures known hybrid T's which take the form of an octopole assembled from a series T and a parallel T, both made from rectangular waveguides.
  • FIG. 1 shows such an assembly, which thus has four arms marked 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • the properties of such an assembly are well known and will be summarized in what follows. If arms 2, 3 and 4, for example, are closed off by non-reflecting terminations and an incident wave is fed into arm I, the symmetry of the system is such that no energy will be received from arm 4, while equal electrical fields will appear at arms 2 and 3. Similarly, if excitation takes place through arm 4, no energy will be received from arm 1 while opposing electrical fields will appear at arms 2 and 3. These properties result from the fact that there is no coupling between arms I and 4. If matching members are inserted into these arms so that their coefficients of reflection are zero, there is obtained what is termed a magic T, in which there is complete electromagnetic symmetry between the two groups of arms 2, 3 and l, 4.
  • Standard magic Ts are easily assembled problems to which a simple solution has not been found in joining from series and shunt waveguide junctions.
  • hybrid-T structures from transmission lines of coaxial type, or the three-plate type, or the micro-strip or ribbon-line type.
  • shunt junctions can be produced easily and without upsetting the propagation modes.
  • lines such as to be incorporated in a hybrid-T it is not possible to produce a series junction directly without upsetting the propagation modes to a considerable extent; generally it is necessary to use, for example, quarter-wave sections for this purpose.
  • quarter-wave sections enable conversions to be made from shunt to series but they have, however, the effect of increasing the bulk of the devices and of reducing the width of their operating band,
  • An object of the present invention is to produce a magic T having a flat structure which avoids the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • a hybrid octopole structure is assembled flat from a series T-structure and a shunt T structure, structure on a ceramic substrate which has a high dielectric constant and one of whose faces is metallized, this face being provided with two throughgoing, intersecting gaps forming a first, a second, a third and a fourth channel meeting at the point of intersection and constituting transmission lines for the propagation of wave energy, one of the lines having input means for connecting it to a source of such wave energy.
  • the first channel is a coplanar line and the fourth channel is a slot line, these two channels being thus mutually decoupled or conjugate for the transmitted wave energy and being part of one of the gaps while the second and third channels. forming part of the other gap. are of the same structure as either the first or the fourth channel. i.e. coplanar or slot lines. In cither case, they form a shunt junction with the first and a series junction with the fourth channel.
  • FIG. I relates to the prior art as already described
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a ribbon line
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a coplanar line
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a slot line
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a magic T comprising a combination of slot lines and a ribbon line;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a magic T using a combination of a coplanar line and slot lines
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a magic T according to our invention incorporating a combination of ribbon lines and a slot line
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a magic T incorporating a combination of coplanar lines and a slot line, and:
  • the simultaneous use of lines of the coplanar and slot type enables hybrid-T junctions, and more particularly magic TS. to be produced as flat structures.
  • the ribbon line or microstrip shown in FIG. 2, consists of a thin, flat, conductive ribbon 5 deposited on a layer of dielectric 6 which rests on a flat conductor 7 known as the ground plane.
  • the distribution of the electrical field ?in such a line is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry P of the line, this plane passing through the axis D of the ribbon.
  • FIG. 3 shows a so-called coplanar line.
  • the ceramic substrate 6, which has a high dielectric constant, is made conductive by metallizing its upper face 9, for example, and a gap 10 is made in this conductive surface in which a conductive ribbon II is so positioned as to be symmetrical with respect to the central axis D of the unit.
  • the coplanar line thus takes the form of a ceramic substrate coated with two ground-plane layers 12 and 13 which are separated by a gap 10 and bracket the central conductive ribbon II whose width is less than that of the gap.
  • the electrical field of a wave propagated in the structure is-symmetrically distributed with respect to the plane of symmetry P of the line, as demonstrated by the arrows.
  • FIG. 4 shows a slot line, which is formed by making a slot 14 in the metallized face 15 of a ceramic substrate 6 of a high dielectric constant.
  • This slot line thus comprises two conductor strips planes l7, l8 separated by a slot l4.
  • FIG. shows a series-T structure formed by two slot lines at right angles to one another on a metallized face of a substrate 6.
  • the other face of this substrate carries a ribbon 5 to enable the excitation of two channels 2 and 3 from a channel 1 in conjugate relationship with a channel 4, these channels being analogous to l, 2, 3 and 4 of FIG. 1.
  • the metallized upper surface of the substrate 6 constituting a ground-plane layer forms two slot lines 14 and 140 which are perpendicular to one another and divide that layer into 3 parts, l6, l7 and 18.
  • a ribbon 5 drawn in broken lines
  • the end of the ribbon extends beyond the axis of the slot 140 by t ⁇ /4.
  • lt will now be assumed that the slot line is excited via channel 1 by applying a potential difference across the edges of the slot 14.
  • An electrical field ? is set up in the slot 14 acting as input means as shown by arrows fl, f2.
  • phase-opposed electrical fields el and 2 to be set up in channels 2 and 3 of slot 140 forming the series branches of a planar T structure, which may be a magic T assuming that there is continuity of the currents i1, i2 at the level of the junction with channel 1.
  • the M4 section is provided simply to ensure that arm 4 is fully coupled to arms 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 5 thus truly represents a magic T, produced as a flat structure, which has two mutually perpendicular slot lines and one ribbon line.
  • FIG. 6 shows a T structure according to our invention incorporating a coplanar line and slot lines.
  • This structure comprises again a ceramic substrate 6, having a high dielectric constant, whose upper surface is metallized. in this surface is formed a coplanar line, of the same type as that of FIG. 3, which comprises a conductive ribbon ll. centered on the axis of a wider gap 10. and mutually perpendicular slot lines 20 and 21.
  • the four. channelsof this T structure are channels l, 2,3 and 4 terminating at the point of intersection of two throughgoingigaps in the. metallized face of the substrate.
  • .Channel 1 i.e. the coplanar line, is. for example, ex-
  • This channel I has the same electrical characteristics as the shunt channel of a T structure.
  • the ribbon ll of the coplanar line may overlie a nonillustrated ribbon line on the lower non-metallized face of the ceramic substrate 6 so that there is total coupling between channel 1 and channels 2 and 3.
  • This is only an example of matching and other means may be envisaged such as, for example, using inductances and capacitances to produce a tuned circuit. The absence of such a matching circuit would cause a relatively high degree of reflection of the mode propagated in channel I and would reduce accordingly the coupling to channels 2 and 3, but such a structure would nevertheless embody the principles of our invention.
  • the electrical field e2 sets up 3 ual but phase-opposed electrical fields, i.e. WI and e20 as a result of the electrical continuity of currents [20 and at the junction with channels 2 and 3.
  • the conditions set up here are the same those in the se ries channel of a T structure. Channels 1 and 4 thus appear completely decoupled.
  • the T structure in FIG. 6 truly represents a magic T wherein channel I is the shunt channel and channel 4 the series channel.
  • FIG. 7 Another magic T, shown in FIG. 7, is a combination of a shunt T, produced from two mutually perpendicular ribbon lines with a slot.
  • the three arms of the T are formed by two mutually perpendicular ribbon lines 24 and 240; whilst the slot line 23 is defined by the metallized other face of the ceramic block 6.
  • slot line 23 If slot line 23 is excited by a potential difference at its terminals which s :ts up an electrical field 23 the currents mand 1230 which travel along the edge of the slot line generatelp line 240 hase-opposed fields at the junction, i.e. e250 and (T3? Channels 2. 3 and 4 thus form a series junction. It will be noted that the ribbon line extends beyond the axis of line 240 for a length M4 so as to ensure good matching and full coupling.
  • FIG. 8 A further embodiment of a magic T according to the invention is shown in FlG. 8, this embodiment combining on the ceramic substrate 6 a shunt T formed from two coplanar lines and a slot line.
  • the two coplanar lines 25 and 250 as well as the slot line 26 are formed on the same metallized face of the ceramic substrate 6 by integral conductive ribbons. Again the arms of the complete structure are represented by channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 terminating at the point of intersection of two throughgoing gaps.
  • lf channel 1 is excited by applying a potential difference to its terminals.
  • the distribution of the electrical field produced in line 25 is that shown by arrows j3.f4 in HO. 8.
  • the fields j30 and f4) generated in the two branches of the coplanar line 250 are thus in phase with one another.
  • the current :25 passing through the conductive ribbon of the coplanar line 25 divides into the two branches of line 250 and the direction of the field in these branches is shown by arrows f30 and I40 on one side and f3], and f4] on the other. Since these fields are in phase in the two line branches.
  • the slot line 26 is formed in the same plane as the coplanar lines, which in this case is the metallized upper surface of the ceramic substrate 6.
  • This slot line is, for example, excited by field
  • This field generates fieldsfS and f6 which are in phase opposition to the two branches of line 250.
  • the current 1'26 passing through the conductive ribbon of line 250 excites fields which are oriented in the directions shown by arrowsfSO and f60 in the part of the gap of in line 250 remote from slot 26.
  • the junction formed by lines 250 and 26 thus behaves like a series T.
  • the width of the slot line 26 must be relatively small in relation to that of the coplanar line, in order to avoid disturbances at the opening made in line 250 where line 26 joins it.
  • a fiat hybrid-T structure comprising a dielectric substrate having a metallized face provided with two throughgoing, intersecting gaps forming a first, a sec- 0nd, at third and a fourth channel meeting at the point of intersection and constituting transmission lines for the propagation of wave energy, said first and fourth channels being mutually decoupled for said wave energy and forming part of one of said gaps, said first channel being a coplanar line, said fourth channel being a slot line decoupled from said coplanar line for said wave energy, said second and third channels being part of the other of said gaps and being of the same structure as one of the channels of said one of said gaps to form with said first and fourth channels a shunt junction and a series junction. respectively and input means for connecting a source of wave energy to one of said lines.

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US422103A 1972-12-12 1973-12-05 Flat hybrid-t structure for transmitting wave energy Expired - Lifetime US3886500A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7244176A FR2210021B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-12 1972-12-12

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US3886500A true US3886500A (en) 1975-05-27

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US (1) US3886500A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2361561C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2210021B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1450118A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946339A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Slot line/microstrip hybrid
US3955156A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-05-04 Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) Microwave power divider and magic tee each comprising coplanar and slot transmission lines
FR2328302A1 (fr) * 1975-10-18 1977-05-13 Philips Nv Jonction entre un conducteur en microbande et un conducteur en encoche
JPS54114063A (en) * 1978-02-25 1979-09-05 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Ic-formed magic t and double balanced modulator using the said magic t
JPS63309001A (ja) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-16 A T R Koudenpa Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk マイクロ波集積回路装置
JPH01200820A (ja) * 1988-02-05 1989-08-14 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 超高速分周回路
US5075647A (en) * 1990-05-16 1991-12-24 Universities Research Association, Inc. Planar slot coupled microwave hybrid
JP2597645B2 (ja) 1988-04-18 1997-04-09 日本電信電話株式会社 高周波電力分配／合成回路
EP0885468A4 (en) * 1995-11-08 1999-12-22 Endgate Technology Corp TRANSITION BETWEEN A SLOT LADDER AND A COPLANAR WAVE GUIDE
US6115594A (en) * 1997-06-11 2000-09-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Frequency converter used in a microwave system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2126430A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-21 Philips Electronic Associated R f circuit arrangement
FR2629641B1 (fr) * 1988-04-01 1990-03-23 Thomson Csf Circuit dephaseur hyperfrequence
CN102544677A (zh) * 2010-12-15 2012-07-04 电子科技大学 一种基片集成波导魔t

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678395A (en) * 1970-10-14 1972-07-18 Gte Sylvania Inc Broadband planar balanced circuit
US3735267A (en) * 1971-07-23 1973-05-22 Rca Corp Balanced mixer

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3530407A (en) * 1968-12-16 1970-09-22 Microwave Ass Broadband microstrip hybrid tee
US3611153A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-10-05 Rca Corp Balanced mixer utilizing strip transmission line hybrid

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678395A (en) * 1970-10-14 1972-07-18 Gte Sylvania Inc Broadband planar balanced circuit
US3735267A (en) * 1971-07-23 1973-05-22 Rca Corp Balanced mixer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955156A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-05-04 Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) Microwave power divider and magic tee each comprising coplanar and slot transmission lines
US3946339A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Slot line/microstrip hybrid
FR2328302A1 (fr) * 1975-10-18 1977-05-13 Philips Nv Jonction entre un conducteur en microbande et un conducteur en encoche
JPS54114063A (en) * 1978-02-25 1979-09-05 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Ic-formed magic t and double balanced modulator using the said magic t
JPS63309001A (ja) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-16 A T R Koudenpa Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk マイクロ波集積回路装置
JPH01200820A (ja) * 1988-02-05 1989-08-14 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 超高速分周回路
JP2527781B2 (ja) 1988-02-05 1996-08-28 日本電信電話株式会社 超高速分周回路
JP2597645B2 (ja) 1988-04-18 1997-04-09 日本電信電話株式会社 高周波電力分配／合成回路
US5075647A (en) * 1990-05-16 1991-12-24 Universities Research Association, Inc. Planar slot coupled microwave hybrid
EP0885468A4 (en) * 1995-11-08 1999-12-22 Endgate Technology Corp TRANSITION BETWEEN A SLOT LADDER AND A COPLANAR WAVE GUIDE
US6115594A (en) * 1997-06-11 2000-09-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Frequency converter used in a microwave system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2361561A1 (de) 1974-06-27
FR2210021A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-05
DE2361561C3 (de) 1985-02-07
GB1450118A (en) 1976-09-22
FR2210021B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-07-22
DE2361561B2 (de) 1975-10-16

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