US3883719A - Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters - Google Patents

Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883719A
US3883719A US468753A US46875374A US3883719A US 3883719 A US3883719 A US 3883719A US 468753 A US468753 A US 468753A US 46875374 A US46875374 A US 46875374A US 3883719 A US3883719 A US 3883719A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film heater
turn
solid plate
pattern
heating unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US468753A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bohdan Hurko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US468753A priority Critical patent/US3883719A/en
Priority to CA217,517A priority patent/CA1027623A/en
Priority to ZA00752508A priority patent/ZA752508B/xx
Priority to DE19752518949 priority patent/DE2518949A1/de
Priority to GB17752/75A priority patent/GB1503155A/en
Priority to AU80693/75A priority patent/AU489301B2/en
Priority to IT23097/75A priority patent/IT1037924B/it
Priority to FR7514303A priority patent/FR2270751A1/fr
Priority to SE7505397A priority patent/SE7505397L/sv
Priority to JP50056662A priority patent/JPS50156049A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to BR3714/75A priority patent/BR7502924A/pt
Publication of US3883719A publication Critical patent/US3883719A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A glass-ceramic cooktop with a plurality of metallic film heaters of circular pattern bonded to the underside thereof.
  • Each turn of the film heater has a generally uniform electrical resistance per unit of length throughout its length and is shown of constant width.
  • the resistance per unit of length of each turn increases from each turn to the next from the centermost turn of the circular pattern to the outermost turn so the widest turn is at the center, and each turn decreases in width from the centermost turn to the outermost turn.
  • the spacing between turns is minimal and substantially uniform throughout.
  • the film heater has a pair of adjacent terminal sections of relatively low resistance per unit area to reduce the temperature of the portion sections. the glass-ceramic plate in the vicinity of the terminal section.
  • SHEEI 2 (IF 2 FWGAl- GLASS-CERAMIC COOKTOP WITH FILM HEATERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
  • the invention relates to glass-ceramic plate surface heating units and cooktops which are provided with a metallic film heater bonded to the underside thereof.
  • the heater In order to transfer the heat from an open coil heater to the glassceramic plate, the heater has to operate at higher temperatures than otherwise, which creates several problems such as poor efficiency of the system, high heat losses, overheating of components, and high cooktop temperatures. Glass-ceramic cooktops and surface units with open coil heaters also present a safety hazard in the event the glass-ceramic plate is broken.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a flat plate surface heating unit or cooktop with a metallic film heater of a pattern with a biased watts density to provide an even temperature distribution across the top surface of the flat plate.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit of the class described with a film heater pattern that has a biased heat distribution which increases from the center of the pattern outwardly to the periphery so as to afford an even temperature distribution on the top utensilsupporting surface of the heating unit.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a solid plate surface heating unit of the class described with a circular film heater, where each individual turn of the heater is of generally uniform electrical resistance per unit area throughout its length, while the resistance per unit area increases in steps from one turn to the next from the centermost turn to the outermost turn.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a solid plate surface heating unit of the class described wherein the spacing between turns of the spiral heater is minimal and substantially uniform so the film heater covers as large an area of the glass-ceramic plate as is possible while keeping the temperature of the film heater at the lowest level for a given power rating.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a solid plate surface heating unit with a film heater of the class described where the film heater has a pair of cold terminal sections of relatively low resistance per unit area that are located outside the main heated portion of the film heater in a relatively cool area of the solid plate.
  • the present invention in accordance with one form thereof, relates to a solid plate cooktop or surface heating unit that is provided with a metallic film heater in welding strip form on the underside thereof.
  • This film heater has a heated portion with an electrical resistance per unit area that varies in increasing proportion to the- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. I is a fragmentary perspective view of atop portion of an electric range for use in the home, where the cooktop is represented by a single, large glass-ceramic plate, on the underside of which is provided a plurality of film heater patterns of the present invention that are bonded to the plate to provide a plurality of distinct heated areas of the cooktop.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional, elevational view on an enlarged scale taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. I showing the film heater pattern of the present invention bonded to the underside of the glass-ceramic plate.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view similar to that of FIG. 3 showing a second modification of film heater pattern of the present invention having a single spiral pattern with an inner and an outer terminal section.
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of a third modification of film heater pattern of the present invention showing a folded. concentric circular design.
  • FIGx 1 there is shown only the top portion of an electric range having a horizontal cooktop 12 at generally counterheight.
  • the present invention relates to the particular nature of the cooktop 12. but it is not necessary that this cooktop 12 be mounted as part of an electric range.
  • the present invention is broader in scope to also include a single surface heating unit or houseware appliance known as "hotplates having either a single surface heating means or a double surface heating means.
  • the cooktop could be a built-in cooktop that would be mounted flush in a kitchen countertop (not shown).
  • the present invention relates to a glass-ceramic surface heating unit.
  • This invention is illustrated as it would be applied in groups of four to an entire cooktop 12.
  • This cooktop 12 is mounted on the top of a range cabinet 14 in which would be mounted an insulated oven liner (not shown).
  • the front wall of the range cabinet 14 is provided with u front opening. drop door to having a door handle 18 arranged along the top edge of the door.
  • a backsplash 20 Arranged along the back edge of the cooktop 12 is a backsplash 20 having an elevated control panel 22 in which are mounted a plurality of control components 24 such as surface heating unit control switches. oven control switches, and oven thermostat. as well as a clock-timer and the like. as is conventional in the range art.
  • the main element of the cooktop 12 is a large. flat glass-ceramic plate 28 that has a thickness ranging from V: to V4 inch. and is nearly of the same size as the top area ofthe range cabinet 14. At four different locations 30. 32. 34 and 36. a metallic film heater of generally uniform thickness throughout of the present invention is bonded to the underside ofthe plate. Positioned beneath the glass-ceramic plate 28 is a large metal plate 42 of reflective material, such as aluminized steel. which is provided with a shallow pan formation 44 which underlies each film heater 40 and reduces the heat losses. The peripheral edge of the metal plate 42 coincides with the peripheral edge of the glassceramic plate 28. These two plates 28 and 42 are fastened together by a wrap-around channel strip 48 which slips over the edge of the two plates and prevents them from becoming separated.
  • a wrap-around channel strip 48 which slips over the edge of the two plates and prevents them from becoming separated.
  • the cooktop 12 is furnished with a narrow channellike side frame 50 which extends from the backsplash 20 along the two sides and across the front of the range and surrounds a large opening for receiving the glassceramic plate 28 therein.
  • This side frame 50 has a top flange 52. a vertical base portion 54 and a shortened bottom flange 56.
  • To join the subassembly of the glassceramic plate 28 and the metal reflector plate 42 with their wrap around strip 48. it is best to invert the combined backsplash 20 and side frame 50 on a work bench (not shown). Then lower the two plates 28 and 42 into place.
  • the cooktop 12 is assembled to the range cabinet 10 by screws 64 fastened from beneath the bottom flange 56.
  • the film heater 40 is shown arranged in a double spiral pattern. which is doubled back on itself as at near the center of the spiral pattern. leaving a circular opening 72 at the center.
  • This circular pattern has a first centermost turn 74. a second turn 76. a third turn 78. a fourth turn 80. and a fifth outermost turn 82.
  • Each individual turn 74 82 has a generally uniform resistance of ohms per unit area throughout its length so that each individual turn operates at a substantially uniform temperature. This is accomplished by having each individual turn of substantially uniform width. The resistance per unit area of each turn increases from the innermost turn 74 to the next turn 76, to 78. to and finally to the outermost turn 82. This is accomplished by reducing the width of each turn in steps. with the innermost turn 74 being the widest and the outermost turn 82 being the narrowest.
  • the film heater 40 it is likewise important to obtain the lowest average temperature on the film heater 40 because extended life tests of both film heater surface units and cooktops substantiate that film failures occur at the hottest spots on the film. This objective is accomplished by having the film heater pattern cover as much area of the glassceramic substrate 28 as is possible for a given area. Looking at FIG. 3. the various turns 74 82 are separated by a minimal spacing 85 which is substantially uniform between all of the turns.
  • the film heater pattern 40 represents a biased heat distribution which is lowest at the center 72 and increases gradually as the distance from the center increases toward the periphery of the film heater pattern. This results in a top surface temperature profile. as seen across the top of FIG. 3, with a film heater rated at L250 watts. of a temperature of about 800F at the center '72 and also adjacent the periphery. There is a slight rise in temperature to about 1.000'F in an annular area between the center 72 and the periphery. However. this slight variation in temperature is considered as being of substantially even temperature distribution as distinguished from a saw-tooth temperature curve in phase with each turn of the heater.
  • the two outermost turns 80 and 82 are terminated by a pair of elongated. tangential cold terminal sections 86 and 88, respectively. These terminal sections are coated with a low resistance silver coating so that the terminals are substantially non-heating. cold terminals so as to lower the temperature in the area of the glassccramic plate 28 adjacent the terminals. Moreover. these two terminals 86 and 88 are located together and in a relatively cool area of the glass-ceramic substrate so that they do not derive much heat from the spiral heated portion of the heater. Hence. soft solder may be used for attaching lead wires (not shown) to the terminals 86 and 88. Notice the temperature profile curve in FIG. 3 where the temperature drops suddenly from 800F at the outermost turn 82 to near lOF at the free end of the terminal sections 86 and 88.
  • a single-point temperature limit control probe 90 is pressed against the underside of the film heater 40. To prevent a short circuit. the probe is electrically insulated by an outer insulating sleeve 92 or the probe would be spaced out of contact with the film heater 40.
  • the film heater 40 may he made of layers of gold and platinum as is taught in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 3,067,315 entitled, Multi-Layer Film Heaters in Strip Form," while the terminal sections 86 and 88 include a layer of silver to provide a low resistance path so that these terminals remain relatively cool.
  • FIG. 3 shows the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but other modifications may be feasible under certain circumstances.
  • the modification of FIG. 4 shows a glass-ceramic plate 28 having a film heater 95 arranged in a single spiral pattern. At the center of the pattern is a first terminal section 97 from which the first turn 99 originates. A second turn 102 surrounds the first turn. A third turn 104 surrounds the second turn. Finally, a fourth turn 106 surrounds the third turn and also serves as the outermost turn which ends up as the second terminal 108.
  • Each individual turn 99, 102, 104 and 106 has a generally uniform resistance per unit area throughout its length. This is accomplished by having each individual turn of substantially uniform width throughout its length. The resistance per unit area of each turn increases from the innermost turn 99 to each succeeding turn until the final turn 106. This is accomplished by reducing the width ofeach turn in steps, with the innermost turn 99 being the widest and the outermost turn 106 being the narrowest.
  • FIG. shows a third modification of film heater 112 having a non-spiral pattern of folded concentric circular design having an innermost circle 114, an adjacent second circle 116 after the 180 folds at 118, a third circle 120 after the l80 folds at 122, and finally the outermost circle 124 after the 180 folds at 126.
  • the outermost circle 124 has a pair of cold terminals 128 which are arranged adjacent to each other and extend radially from the imaginary center of the film heater pattern 112.
  • a solid plate surface heating unit comprising a flat plate having an electrical film heater in winding strip form of generally uniform thickness bonded to the underside thereof, the resistance per unit area of the heated portion of the film heater varying in increasing proportion to the distance of the given area from an imaginary center line of the film heater pattern to give a biased heat distribution toward the outside of the film heater pattern so that the temperature distribution across the top surface of the solid plate is substantially uniform, the resistance per unit area at a given distance from the center being substantially constant. while the resistance per unit area varies in steps on an ascending curve as the distance ofa particular area increases from the center of the film heater pattern.
  • each individual turn of the spiral film heater strip is of generally uniform electrical resistance per unit area throughout the length of each individual turn.
  • each individual turn of the spiral film heater strip is of substantially uniform width throughout, while the width of the turns decreases in steps from the centermost turn to the outermost turn.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
US468753A 1974-05-10 1974-05-10 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters Expired - Lifetime US3883719A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US468753A US3883719A (en) 1974-05-10 1974-05-10 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters
CA217,517A CA1027623A (en) 1974-05-10 1975-01-07 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters
ZA00752508A ZA752508B (en) 1974-05-10 1975-04-18 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heater
DE19752518949 DE2518949A1 (de) 1974-05-10 1975-04-29 Glaskeramik-kochfeld mit filmheizelement
GB17752/75A GB1503155A (en) 1974-05-10 1975-04-29 Solid plate electric heating units
AU80693/75A AU489301B2 (en) 1974-05-10 1975-04-30 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters
IT23097/75A IT1037924B (it) 1974-05-10 1975-05-07 Piano di cottura in ceramica di vetro con riscaldatore a nastro sottile
FR7514303A FR2270751A1 (sv) 1974-05-10 1975-05-07
SE7505397A SE7505397L (sv) 1974-05-10 1975-05-09 Anordning vid elektriska kokplattor.
JP50056662A JPS50156049A (sv) 1974-05-10 1975-05-10
BR3714/75A BR7502924A (pt) 1974-05-10 1975-05-13 Unidade de aquecimento de superficie de chapa solida

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US468753A US3883719A (en) 1974-05-10 1974-05-10 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3883719A true US3883719A (en) 1975-05-13

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US468753A Expired - Lifetime US3883719A (en) 1974-05-10 1974-05-10 Glass-ceramic cooktop with film heaters

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3883719A (sv)
JP (1) JPS50156049A (sv)
BR (1) BR7502924A (sv)
CA (1) CA1027623A (sv)
DE (1) DE2518949A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2270751A1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1503155A (sv)
IT (1) IT1037924B (sv)
SE (1) SE7505397L (sv)
ZA (1) ZA752508B (sv)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4002883A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-01-11 General Electric Company Glass-ceramic plate with multiple coil film heaters
US4032750A (en) * 1976-03-26 1977-06-28 General Electric Company Flat plate heating unit with foil heating means
US4057707A (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-11-08 Corning Glass Works Electric heating unit
US4286377A (en) * 1978-07-03 1981-09-01 General Electric Company Method of manufacture for a resistance heater and temperature sensor
EP0037638A1 (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-10-14 Kenwood Manufacturing Company Limited Cooking apparatus
US4394564A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-07-19 General Electric Company Solid plate heating unit
US4527050A (en) * 1981-07-08 1985-07-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Hotplate
US4554438A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-11-19 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Electric cooker with thermostats for protecting against localized overheating
US4665307A (en) * 1983-09-10 1987-05-12 Micropore International Limited Thermal cut-out device for radiant heaters
US4960978A (en) * 1987-08-26 1990-10-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Cooking appliance
US5892205A (en) * 1995-05-17 1999-04-06 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Heater
US6046435A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-04-04 Brooks Automation, Inc. Method of heating a substrate with multiple selectively deactuated heaters
US20030000937A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2003-01-02 Ibiden Co. Ltd. Ceramic heater
US20030156621A1 (en) * 2000-03-23 2003-08-21 Mcwilliams Kevin Ronald Temperature sensor
US6664515B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2003-12-16 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Circuit pattern of resistance heating elements and substrate-treating apparatus incorporating the pattern
US20040112892A1 (en) * 2002-12-14 2004-06-17 Abbott Richard C. System and method for heating materials
US20040149723A1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2004-08-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Hot plate and method of producing the same
US20100163549A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2010-07-01 Gagas John M Low Profile Induction Cook Top with Heat Management System
US20110088680A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2011-04-21 Panasonic Corporation Heating cooker
ES2397573A1 (es) * 2010-12-13 2013-03-07 BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. Placa de campo de cocción
US20130319994A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Household appliance having a drip guard for a warming drawer
US20130323663A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Household appliance having a deployable warming drawer module
US20130323662A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Household appliance having a thermostat retainer for a thermostat of a warming drawer
US20130319996A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Household appliance having supports supporting a glass heating element of a warming drawer
US20130319995A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Household appliance having a warming drawer with a thermally conductive layer
CN104026991A (zh) * 2014-01-25 2014-09-10 九阳股份有限公司 厨房电热器具的加热容器及设有该加热容器的食品加工机
US20150063791A1 (en) * 2012-03-12 2015-03-05 T.P.A. Impex S.P.A. Boiler for Domestic Appliances and Water Heating Systems With Steam Production for Home and Industrial Use
US20150163863A1 (en) * 2012-06-13 2015-06-11 Webasto SE Electrical heating system for a motor vehicle
CN107771411A (zh) * 2015-05-30 2018-03-06 韦巴斯托股份公司 用于移动应用的电加热装置
EP3614801A1 (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Electric heater
EP3614799A1 (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Electric heater
US20220322497A1 (en) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 Whirlpool Corporation Segmented thermoresistive heating system

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DE3105065A1 (de) * 1981-02-12 1982-08-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Kochplatte aus glaskeramik
JPS6296292U (sv) * 1985-12-06 1987-06-19
DE3545454A1 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-07-02 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Heizelement fuer thermische hausgeraete, insb. fuer kochstellen
DE3545453A1 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-07-02 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Heizelement fuer thermische hausgeraete, vorzugsweise fuer kochstellen
DE3545443A1 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-25 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Kochstellenheizelement
DE3545442A1 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-25 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Heizelement fuer thermische hausgeraete, insbesondere fuer kochstellen
JPS62126830U (sv) * 1986-02-04 1987-08-12
JPS62133394U (sv) * 1986-02-18 1987-08-22
JPS647793U (sv) * 1987-07-03 1989-01-17
JPH04119990U (ja) * 1991-04-09 1992-10-27 信越化学工業株式会社 ウエ−ハ状積層セラミツクスヒ−タ−
JP2017006190A (ja) * 2015-06-17 2017-01-12 東京特殊電線株式会社 料理保温装置
KR102001294B1 (ko) * 2017-02-21 2019-10-21 엘지전자 주식회사 면상 발열체용 열선 패턴구조 및 면상 발열체

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US2701296A (en) * 1947-08-18 1955-02-01 Corning Glass Works Electrically heated appliance
US2791668A (en) * 1951-08-21 1957-05-07 Napier & Son Ltd Electrically heated de-icing or antifreezing apparatus
US2939807A (en) * 1956-06-29 1960-06-07 Thermway Ind Inc Method of making a heating panel
US3067315A (en) * 1960-02-08 1962-12-04 Gen Electric Multi-layer film heaters in strip form
US3289139A (en) * 1964-02-24 1966-11-29 Dale Electronics Film resistance unit
US3496336A (en) * 1967-10-25 1970-02-17 Texas Instruments Inc Electric heater
US3646321A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-02-29 Gen Motors Corp Infrared surface heating unit
US3737624A (en) * 1970-09-16 1973-06-05 Progressive Products Co Electric grill with a thin-film heating element
US3632983A (en) * 1970-10-13 1972-01-04 Gen Electric Smooth surfaced, heated cooktop
US3717439A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-02-20 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Vapour phase reaction apparatus
US3781523A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-12-25 Gen Electric Thermochromic surface heating apparatus

Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4002883A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-01-11 General Electric Company Glass-ceramic plate with multiple coil film heaters
US4057707A (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-11-08 Corning Glass Works Electric heating unit
US4032750A (en) * 1976-03-26 1977-06-28 General Electric Company Flat plate heating unit with foil heating means
US4286377A (en) * 1978-07-03 1981-09-01 General Electric Company Method of manufacture for a resistance heater and temperature sensor
EP0037638A1 (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-10-14 Kenwood Manufacturing Company Limited Cooking apparatus
US4414465A (en) * 1980-03-05 1983-11-08 Thorn Domestic Appliances (Electrical) Ltd. Cooking apparatus
US4527050A (en) * 1981-07-08 1985-07-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Hotplate
US4394564A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-07-19 General Electric Company Solid plate heating unit
US4554438A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-11-19 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Electric cooker with thermostats for protecting against localized overheating
US4665307A (en) * 1983-09-10 1987-05-12 Micropore International Limited Thermal cut-out device for radiant heaters
US4960978A (en) * 1987-08-26 1990-10-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Cooking appliance
US5892205A (en) * 1995-05-17 1999-04-06 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Heater
US6046435A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-04-04 Brooks Automation, Inc. Method of heating a substrate with multiple selectively deactuated heaters
US6967313B1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2005-11-22 Ibiden Company, Ltd. Hot plate and method of producing the same
US20040149723A1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2004-08-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Hot plate and method of producing the same
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BR7502924A (pt) 1976-03-16
AU8069375A (en) 1976-11-04
FR2270751A1 (sv) 1975-12-05
JPS50156049A (sv) 1975-12-16
IT1037924B (it) 1979-11-20
ZA752508B (en) 1976-03-31
SE7505397L (sv) 1975-11-11
GB1503155A (en) 1978-03-08
CA1027623A (en) 1978-03-07
DE2518949A1 (de) 1975-11-27

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