US3882861A - Auxiliary control for a blood pump - Google Patents
Auxiliary control for a blood pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3882861A US3882861A US399904A US39990473A US3882861A US 3882861 A US3882861 A US 3882861A US 399904 A US399904 A US 399904A US 39990473 A US39990473 A US 39990473A US 3882861 A US3882861 A US 3882861A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- pump
- blood pump
- pulse
- duration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3403—Regulation parameters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3607—Regulation parameters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
- A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
- A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
- A61M60/113—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/30—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output
- A61M60/36—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output for specific blood treatment; for specific therapy
- A61M60/37—Haemodialysis, haemofiltration or diafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/50—Details relating to control
- A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
- A61M60/515—Regulation using real-time patient data
- A61M60/531—Regulation using real-time patient data using blood pressure data, e.g. from blood pressure sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
- A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/427—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
- A61M60/43—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic using vacuum at the blood pump, e.g. to accelerate filling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/12—Pressure infusion
Definitions
- the auxihary control regulates the pump rate by producing an electrical pulse train in which the duration of the pulses corresponds to changes in negative pressure corresponding to changes in the blood flow 128/214 F, 214.2, DIG. l2, DIG. 13; 417/44 56 References Cited 7 1 rate.
- the control presents means for achievmg a rap1d UNITED STATES PATENTS response to changes in the flow of the patients blood. 3,091,239 5/1963 Moeller 128/214 F D F 3,496,878 2/1970 Hargest et a1 1. 417 14 7 Clam", 3 "awmg gums 39 ⁇ PUMP BLOOD.
- the present invention relates to an improved auxiliary control for an extracorporeal blood pump used in hemodialysis and more particularly to novel apparatus for controlling the blood pump rate in an extracorporeal hemodialysis system.
- kidney diseases have been of critical concern to human life. Many kinds of kidney diseases interfere with the function of the kidney such that the kidney ceases to remove waste and excess water from the blood. When the kidney is sufficiently impaired that a large portion of the waste products and water are not removed from the blood, the life of the patient cannot be preserved unless a way is provided for artificially performing the functions of the impaired kidney through extracorporeal hemodialysis.
- pump starvation The collapse of blood lines resulting from insufficient blood supply to a continuously operating blood pump is defined herein as pump starvation.”
- pump starvation To avoid time consuming and sometimes dangerous pump starvation, it has conventionally been necessary to adjust the pump speed well below an optimum rate to a level which pro vides a wide safety margin in order to avoid pump starvation.
- the attending physician must choose between (a) lowering the pump rate to accommodate the lowest possible blood flow rate as a safety margin and thereby significantly extending the dialysis time or (b) risk collapse of blood lines and premature interruption of dialysis through pump starvation in the event of a drop in the patients blood flow rate.
- the present invention includes novel apparatus for continuously varying the pump rate of a blood pump used in hemodialysis in response to changes in blood flow from the patient so as to maximize the rate of hemodialysis while avoiding pump starvation. Furthermore, the invention provides apparatus which can accomplish the previously described function in combination with existing conventional blood pumps and control mechanisms.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a presently preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a waveform taken at point A in FIG. 1, the waveform particularly showing a signal representation when the patients blood flow has increased during the course of dialysis;
- FIG. 3 illustrates a waveform taken at point A of FIG. 1, the waveform particularly showing a signal representation when the patients blood flow has decreased during the course of dialysis.
- a conventional pressure transducer 22 provides a direct conversion between negative pressure in the blood line 24 and electrical voltage.
- Blood line 24 connects the pressure transducer to a conduit (not shown) which carries blood from a blood vessel of a patient to the blood pump 37.
- the electrical qualities of the pressure transducer may be characterized as either a variable resistance or a variable voltage source. Whichever type of transducer is employed or whichever electrical characterization is used, the electrical quantity varies in proportion to the blood flow as measured by the negative blood pressure in line 24.
- the negative pressure is preferably observable on a conventional readout device 23.
- the electrical output signal of the pressure transducer is fed into an averaging circuit 28.
- the averaging circuit 28 may be any one of a wide variety of known discrete or integrated circuits, the most simplified of which would merely be a capacitor in parallel with the transducer output conductors to accomplish averaging of the systolic and diastolic pressure signal from the transducer 22.
- the averaged transducer signal is then conducted to and appears at one of the inputs to a conventional operational amplifier 31 which forms part of the comparator 30.
- the initial reference control 32 provides a reference signal for the second comparing input of the operational amplifier 31.
- the initial reference control may be either a fixed or variable voltage divider which provides a pre-established signal level at one of at least two operational amplifier inputs.
- the operational amplifier portion 31 of the comparator 30 is used in the summing mode, where the two inputs are added together to form an output to the electr nic switch 36 which output is proportional to the sum of the inputs.
- the electronic switch 36 preferably comprises a conventional threshold trigger circuit capable of converting the output signal of the operational amplifier 31 into a pulse of duration proportional to the amplitude of the output signal of the operational amplifier.
- a common, readily available device for performing the function of the electronic switch would be any suitable type of current controlled current source such as a unijunction transistor with an external base to emitter timing capacitance which acts to fire a triac or the like.
- the power supply for the operational amplifier portion of the comparator is a pulse generator 34 which produces a generally square wave voltage signal causing the output of the operational amplifier to turn on and off at a constant rate. Any suitable conventional pulse generator having sufficient voltage output to drive the operational amplifier would be acceptable.
- the signal from the operational amplifier is a periodic pulse having an amplitude proportional to the sum of the initial reference signal and the averaged transducer signal. It should be recognized that the higher the output signal from the comparator, the greater the time increment that switch 36 is on, and conversely the lower the signal from the comparator, the shorter the time increment that switch 36 is on.
- the regular power supply line to a conventional blood pump and controller is diverted through the electronic switch 36.
- the waveforms shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are taken at point A in the diagram of FIG. 1, assuming an alternating current power supply like that available at a standard utility outlet.
- the solid portions of the waveforms represent that portion of the waveforms during which the electronic switch 36 is off.
- the switch 36 turns on, it remains on until the AC cycle goes through zero.
- the switch 36 is open or off through most of the AC cycle in FIG. 3
- the energy delivered from the pump power supply 35 to the pump controller 39 is compara tively small.
- the blood pump 37 operates slowly.
- the switch 36 is on through most of the AC cycle (see FIG. 2), the energy delivered to the controller 39 is comparatively high and the blood pump 37 will operate comparatively rapidly.
- the existing conventional blood pump controller remains useful for the purpose of setting upper limits in the speed of the blood pump.
- the invention 20 provides for immediate and continuous compensation of the speed of the blood pump in response to changes in the patients blood flow.
- the output of the comparator 30 is reduced and therefore the electronic switch 36 allows a smaller proportion of the pump power supply signal to be conducted to the blood pump (see FIG. 3).
- the amount of power supplied to the blood pump increases thereby increasing the speed of the pump (see FIG. 2). Accordingly, pump starvation caused by a vacuum-induced collapse of blood lines and blood vessels will be avoided because the pump 37 will operate only at the maximum rate accommodated by the available blood supply.
- the patient is connected to the dialyzer in a method well-known in the art, the supply line 24 being normally in direct communication with the dialyzer blood circuit upstream from the pump.
- the auxiliary control 20 is first switched off so as to have no effect on power delivered from the supply 35 to the pump controller 39.
- the auxiliary control 20 may remain on but the initial reference control 32 adjusted to the maximum so as not to interfere with the selection of a desirable maximum flow rate at the controller 39.
- the blood pump 37 is energized and the speed of the blood pump is increased by adjusting the pump controller 39 to the desired maximum blood flow.
- the desired maximum blood flow may be ascertained by observing the negative pressure read-out 23 and increasing the speed ofthe blood pump until the negative pressure reaches a level prescribed by the attending physician.
- the maximum desired flow can be obtained by increasing the pump speed until the blood line or associated accumulator collapses and then reducing the speed of the blood pump 37 through the controller 39 slightly until full flow results.
- the auxiliary controller 20 is activated by adjusting the initial reference control 32 at least until it appears from the negative pressure readout 23 that the auxiliary control 20 is monitoring blood flow at essentially the maximum desired rate set by the pump controller 39. It has been found frequently desir able to set the initial reference control on a specific negative pressure reading representing a desirable blood flow rate.
- the auxiliary control When the initial reference control has been set, the auxiliary control will continuously vary the blood pump speed so as to maintain the negative pressure reading at the preset level. Thus, if the patients blood flow reduces, the auxiliary control 20 will reduce the speed of the blood pump 37 so that the negative pressure reading will not significantly change. Conversely, if the patients blood flow increases, the auxiliary control 20 will increase the speed of the blood pump and prevent the negative pressure level from changing significantly.
- the most advantageous physical housing for the invention has been found to be an enclosure (not shown) which provides an electrical outlet for the service plug of the conventional blood pump and controller, a meter for reflecting the negative pressure, and a dial plate and dial for setting the initial reference control.
- an enclosure not shown
- various power switches, pilot lights, or other indicators may be used in order to monitor the status of the circuit during operation.
- a blood pump controller responsive to changes in blood flow comprising:
- a conventional blood pump for displacing blood through an extracorporeal hemodialysis system including a blood-conducting conduit;
- said means comprising an attachment site means for detachably coupling the blood pump to the power source through the said means; sensing means in said bloodconducting conduit for monitoring the availability of extracorporeal blood to the pump upstream from the pump; and means responsive to the sensing means for selectively and continuously varying the amount of electrical power delivered to the blood pump from the power source thereby continuously varying the pumping flow rate of the blood pump, the magnitude of pumping variation being constantly proportional to extracorporeal blood flow upstream from the blood pump during the course of dialysis.
- a blood pump controller responsive to changes in blood flow comprising:
- a blood conduit for conducting blood from a patient to the blood pump
- transducer means connected to the blood conduit producing an electrical signal representing the availability of blood to the pump
- comparing means for comparing the transducer signal with a pre-established reference signal and producing a proportional output signal
- switching means responsive to the output of the comparing means for producing a periodic pulse train wherein the duration of each pulse is proproportional to the output signal of the comparing means, the speed of the blood pump being a direct function of the duration of the pulse.
- a blood pump controller as defined in claim 2 further comprising means for sensing negative blood pressure upstream from the pump and wherein the switching means comprises means for (a) producing a medium duration pulse when the proportional output signal is at an initial reference level representing a predetermined negative blood pressure, (b) decreasing the pulse duration when the proportional output signal indicates reduced patients blood flow represented by increased negative value of the blood pressure, and (c) increasing the pulse duration when the proportional output signal indicates increased patients blood flow represented by decreased negative value of the blood pressure.
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
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Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US399904A US3882861A (en) | 1973-09-24 | 1973-09-24 | Auxiliary control for a blood pump |
CH1247274A CH582519A5 (xx) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-13 | |
DK485374A DK156413C (da) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-16 | Blodpumpereguleringsenhed |
SE7411684A SE411704B (sv) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-17 | Blodpumpsregulator. |
FR7431876A FR2244546B1 (xx) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-20 | |
GB41134/74A GB1487242A (en) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-20 | Blood pump controller |
JP49107859A JPS6231949B2 (xx) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-20 | |
NL7412448A NL7412448A (nl) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-20 | Regelaar voor een bloedpomp. |
BE148793A BE820223A (fr) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-23 | Dispositif de commande pour la pompe d'un systeme d'hemodialyse |
DD181245A DD115038A5 (xx) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-23 | |
DE2445403A DE2445403C2 (de) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-23 | Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Fördermenge einer Blutpumpe in einer Anlage zur extracorporalen Hämodialyse |
IT27602/74A IT1022226B (it) | 1973-09-24 | 1974-09-23 | Regolatore per una pompa di circo lazione del sangue |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US399904A US3882861A (en) | 1973-09-24 | 1973-09-24 | Auxiliary control for a blood pump |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3882861A true US3882861A (en) | 1975-05-13 |
Family
ID=23581426
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US399904A Expired - Lifetime US3882861A (en) | 1973-09-24 | 1973-09-24 | Auxiliary control for a blood pump |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3882861A (xx) |
JP (1) | JPS6231949B2 (xx) |
BE (1) | BE820223A (xx) |
CH (1) | CH582519A5 (xx) |
DD (1) | DD115038A5 (xx) |
DE (1) | DE2445403C2 (xx) |
DK (1) | DK156413C (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2244546B1 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1487242A (xx) |
IT (1) | IT1022226B (xx) |
NL (1) | NL7412448A (xx) |
SE (1) | SE411704B (xx) |
Cited By (82)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3966358A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-06-29 | Medac Gesellschaft Fur Klinische Spezialpraparate Mbh | Pump assembly |
US4063824A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-12-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chemical dosimeter having a constant flow air sampling pump |
US4076458A (en) * | 1975-05-07 | 1978-02-28 | Whittaker Corporation | Automatic pump speed controller |
US4123932A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-11-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dosimeter for monitoring working areas |
DE2939957A1 (de) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-04-10 | Du Pont | Dosimeter mit niedriger luftdurchflussleistung |
US4231366A (en) * | 1976-08-12 | 1980-11-04 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Industrie Kg Apparatebau Kg | Blood flow monitoring and control apparatus |
US4260333A (en) * | 1978-03-01 | 1981-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and apparatus for controlling a fuel injection system |
US4269059A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dosimeter having constant flow pump |
US4392847A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1983-07-12 | Whitney Douglass G | Injection and monitoring system |
US4468219A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1984-08-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pump flow rate compensation system |
US4492524A (en) * | 1980-09-23 | 1985-01-08 | Bruker-Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh | Multiple piston pump with a constant discharge capacity |
US4499903A (en) * | 1979-05-03 | 1985-02-19 | University Of Arizona Foundation | Methods and apparatus for testing a blood pressure monitoring system of the hydraulic type |
US4533346A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1985-08-06 | Pharmacontrol Corporation | System for automatic feedback-controlled administration of drugs |
US4566868A (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1986-01-28 | Geotechnical Digital Systems Limited | Pressure source |
US4566858A (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1986-01-28 | Nikkiso Co., Ltd. | Pulsation-free volumetric pump |
US4710165A (en) * | 1985-09-16 | 1987-12-01 | Mcneil Charles B | Wearable, variable rate suction/collection device |
US4778445A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1988-10-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Centrifugal blood pump with backflow detection |
US4870392A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1989-09-26 | Outboard Marine Corporation | Fluid flow restriction warning indicator |
US4963253A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1990-10-16 | Yen Richard C K | Anti-clogging and dialysis device for filtration systems |
US4990076A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-02-05 | Halliburton Company | Pressure control apparatus and method |
US5045057A (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1991-09-03 | Akzo Nv | Apparatus and method for withdrawing an optimum amount of blood per unit of time from a donor |
US5171212A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-12-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Blood pumping system with backflow warning |
US5368554A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-11-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Blood pumping system with selective backflow warning |
US5564420A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1996-10-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Medical device with EMI detection and cancellation |
US5772403A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1998-06-30 | Butterworth Jetting Systems, Inc. | Programmable pump monitoring and shutdown system |
US6090048A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 2000-07-18 | Gambro Ab | Method and arrangement for detecting the condition of a blood vessel access |
US20030195453A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | James Han | Access disconnection systems and methods |
US20030195454A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Ramesh Wariar | Access disconnection systems and methods |
US20030194894A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Ramesh Wariar | Access disconnection systems and methods |
US20050043665A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2005-02-24 | Luca Vinci | Equipment for controlling blood flow in an extracorporeal blood circuit |
US7147615B2 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2006-12-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Needle dislodgement detection |
US20070117010A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2007-05-24 | Baxter International Inc. | Conductive polymer materials and applications thereof including monitoring and providing effective therapy |
US20080065006A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2008-03-13 | Baxter International, Inc. | Enhanced signal detection for access disconnection systems |
US20080208103A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Pumping Cassette |
US20080275377A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2008-11-06 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Apparatus for Controlling Blood Flow in an Extracorporeal Circuit |
US20090082676A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Acoustic access disconnect detection system |
US20100022935A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Electromagnetic induction access disconnect sensor |
US20100022934A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Baxter International Inc. | System and method for detecting access disconnection |
US20110000832A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2011-01-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system with enhanced features |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE7411684L (xx) | 1975-03-25 |
BE820223A (fr) | 1975-01-16 |
DK156413C (da) | 1990-01-22 |
CH582519A5 (xx) | 1976-12-15 |
GB1487242A (en) | 1977-09-28 |
DE2445403C2 (de) | 1983-09-01 |
DD115038A5 (xx) | 1975-09-12 |
DK485374A (xx) | 1975-05-20 |
DK156413B (da) | 1989-08-21 |
JPS6231949B2 (xx) | 1987-07-11 |
JPS5063790A (xx) | 1975-05-30 |
FR2244546A1 (xx) | 1975-04-18 |
SE411704B (sv) | 1980-02-04 |
IT1022226B (it) | 1978-03-20 |
FR2244546B1 (xx) | 1978-04-28 |
DE2445403A1 (de) | 1975-04-03 |
NL7412448A (nl) | 1975-03-26 |
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