US3879952A - Pressure resistant caisson - Google Patents

Pressure resistant caisson Download PDF

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Publication number
US3879952A
US3879952A US353538A US35353873A US3879952A US 3879952 A US3879952 A US 3879952A US 353538 A US353538 A US 353538A US 35353873 A US35353873 A US 35353873A US 3879952 A US3879952 A US 3879952A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cells
superstructure
platform
substructure
monolithic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US353538A
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English (en)
Inventor
Olav Mo
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from NO1541/72A external-priority patent/NO135909C/no
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/025—Reinforced concrete structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0069—Gravity structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0086—Large footings connecting several legs or serving as a reservoir for the storage of oil or gas

Definitions

  • a monolithic offshore platform includes a number of Ma 197; vertical, cylindrical cells which are monolithically at- DOC. 5.
  • the cells 2 27/38 [.3653 5/00 have the same outer diameter. There is one central I e 0 T cell and around this there are first six cells with the 5 centers on a circle concentric with the central cell, 6] References cued thereafter l2 cells are placed outside. If desired. new
  • the invention relates to a caisson of concrete for location on the sea floor. Such caissons are particularly useful as foundations for platforms and as oil storage.
  • a concrete structure should principally not be subjected to tension. This increases cost because reinforcements are necessary to take tensile forces. Tensile forces also increase the danger of cracks with accompanying leakage, corrosion of the reinforcing material, etc.
  • a concrete construction is very well suited for taking compressive forces because concrete per se is cheaper than steel in connection with compressive forces and because concrete structures become so coarse that breaking and local stresses rarely become problems.
  • the object of the present invention is to find a caisson which generally is subjected to compressive forces while having marine qualities necessary for structures which are to be floated and submerged at sea.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view partially in cross section of a caisson showing the principle features of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 1 showing a cell configuration according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3 through I2 are schematic diagrams showing successive stages of construction of a caisson according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 2 showing an alternative cell configuration.
  • the caisson consists of a number of vertical, cylindrical cells which are monolithicly attached to each other at the contact points.
  • the cells will therefor circumferentially be subjected to pure compressive forces. Since all the cells are of the same size, there will be no fixed moments at the contact points, deformations appearing only as changes of scale. Practically speaking, the cells will act independently which is of great importance if a wall should collapse in an accident. If the number of cells is great enough, as for instance is shown on the drawing, the structure is functional even when it is collapsed locally. Looking at the individual operations, the following result is evident:
  • a division into small cells also gives the advantage in that trimming is easily done. If the sea floor is not level, this can be compensated to a certain degree by more weight on the highest side.
  • the round form is advantage with respect to breakage of the walls.
  • the number of cells must not be too small.
  • the number should not be below 8.
  • FIG. 2 A particularly preferred form is shown on FIG. 2.
  • the structure can also be constructed without the central cell.
  • the cells can be closed with a spherical shell in each end as shown on the figures. Also the ends will thereby be pressure structures. If the edge angle of the spherical shell is too small, tensile stresses will arise at the ends of the cylinder. These must be taken by prestressed reinforcements if cracks in the structure are to be avoided. It has been found, however, that if the edge angle of the spherical shell is larger than approximately 55, no tensile stresses in the cylinder will arise, and the structure will only have compression when it is subjected to pure water pressure.
  • One or more of the cells may be extended up over the water'surface and form the foundation for a working platform.
  • ballast By use of ballast, the center of gravity of the caisson can be brought low enough for the caisson to be stable per se during towing and submerging. Several towers with sufficient distance between them will also add to the stability.
  • a caisson according to the invention will be very easy to prestress. Due to the form, however, the water pressure will act as prestressing and prestressing will therefor normally not be necessary.
  • the caisson as a whole if the internal pressure hecomes greater than the external pressure which is conceivable if the caisson is used for instance for oil storage and the oil surface is not kept below the water surface;
  • FIGS. 3-12. A method for construction a caisson in accordance with the invention is shown schematicly on FIGS. 3-12. As will be seen. the bottom section is first made in a dry dock, this section is floated to deep water and the caisson is finished there. On the figures it is shown that the cylinder walls are made with a sliding form and that the same is true for the tower. This method makes it very easy to construct the cells monolithicly connected which is of great importance for the strength of the caisson.
  • a monolithic offshore platform comprising: a heavy sub-structure which is heavier than the rest of the platform.
  • the sub-structure being formed by a plurality of rigidly interconnected. vertical elongated cells; and comprising six cylindrical cells connected monolithically at their contact points with centers on a circle with radius equal to the outer diameter of the cells and twelve cylindrical cells of equal size placed outside the six cells and also connected monolithically at their contact points; a superstructure having a crosssectional area which is exposed to wave action which area is considerably less than the cross-sectional area of the sub-structure; the superstructure being formed by at least three vertical elongated cells. each of which having an outer and inner wall at least a portion of which are conical with a larger lower diameter and a smaller upper diameter; and a deck structure supported by the superstructure; none of said parts of the platform being moveable in relation to each other.
  • An offshore platform as claimed in claim 1 including a central cell of equal size.
  • a monolithic off shore platform comprising in combination a heavy substructure which is heavier than the rest of the platform, the substructure being formed by a plurality of rigidly interconnected vertical elongated cells; a superstructure having a cross-sectional area which is exposed to wave action, which area is considerably less than the cross-sectional area of the substructure; the superstructure being formed by at least one vertical elongated cell.
  • each such cell being formed as a static and continual elongation of one or more cells in the substructure and each being conical at least along a portion of its length with a larger outer and inner lower diameter and a small outer and inner upper diameter; and a deck structure supported by the superstructure; none of said parts of the platform being moveable in relation to each other.
  • each cell in the substructure which is lengthened to form the superstructure has a circular cross-sectional area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US353538A 1972-05-02 1973-04-23 Pressure resistant caisson Expired - Lifetime US3879952A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO1541/72A NO135909C (no) 1972-05-02 1972-05-02 Marin konstruksjon
NO724471A NO136422C (no) 1972-05-02 1972-12-05 Marin plattformkonstruksjon

Publications (1)

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US3879952A true US3879952A (en) 1975-04-29

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US353538A Expired - Lifetime US3879952A (en) 1972-05-02 1973-04-23 Pressure resistant caisson

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GB (1) GB1424446A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NO (1) NO136422C (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2354419A2 (fr) * 1976-06-10 1978-01-06 Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine Plate-forme pour installation en mer
US4576519A (en) * 1983-05-23 1986-03-18 Exxon Production Research Co. Offshore platform base
US4630968A (en) * 1983-10-17 1986-12-23 Institut Francais Du Petrole Realization procedure of a modular system particularly suitable for use off coasts
US4778308A (en) * 1985-02-12 1988-10-18 Saga Petroleum A.S. Arrangement in an offshore concrete platform
US6371697B2 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-04-16 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Floating vessel for deep water drilling and production
US6869251B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2005-03-22 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Marine buoy for offshore support
US20110091287A1 (en) * 2008-04-24 2011-04-21 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Supporting element for an offshore wind turbine, production method thereof and method for installing same
US20140193207A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-07-10 David Riggs Honeycomb Buoyant Island Structures
US20190178417A1 (en) * 2016-06-10 2019-06-13 Acergy France SAS Controlling the Buoyancy of a Mass of Buoyant Spheres
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines
US20220340242A1 (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-10-27 Di Du Offshore Floating Island

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2661600A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-12-08 George R Hopkins Underwater drilling derrick
US3434442A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Offloading moored production storage unit
US3535884A (en) * 1967-06-30 1970-10-27 Sun Oil Co Offshore drilling and production structure
US3708987A (en) * 1971-07-23 1973-01-09 J Roulet Concrete reservoir for underwater use
US3793842A (en) * 1971-03-05 1974-02-26 Sea Tank Co Self-stabilizing submarine tank

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2661600A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-12-08 George R Hopkins Underwater drilling derrick
US3434442A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Offloading moored production storage unit
US3535884A (en) * 1967-06-30 1970-10-27 Sun Oil Co Offshore drilling and production structure
US3793842A (en) * 1971-03-05 1974-02-26 Sea Tank Co Self-stabilizing submarine tank
US3708987A (en) * 1971-07-23 1973-01-09 J Roulet Concrete reservoir for underwater use

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2354419A2 (fr) * 1976-06-10 1978-01-06 Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine Plate-forme pour installation en mer
US4576519A (en) * 1983-05-23 1986-03-18 Exxon Production Research Co. Offshore platform base
US4630968A (en) * 1983-10-17 1986-12-23 Institut Francais Du Petrole Realization procedure of a modular system particularly suitable for use off coasts
US4778308A (en) * 1985-02-12 1988-10-18 Saga Petroleum A.S. Arrangement in an offshore concrete platform
US6371697B2 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-04-16 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Floating vessel for deep water drilling and production
US6869251B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2005-03-22 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Marine buoy for offshore support
US20110091287A1 (en) * 2008-04-24 2011-04-21 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Supporting element for an offshore wind turbine, production method thereof and method for installing same
US8696246B2 (en) * 2008-04-24 2014-04-15 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Supporting element for an offshore wind turbine, production method thereof and method for installing same
US20140193207A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-07-10 David Riggs Honeycomb Buoyant Island Structures
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines
US20190178417A1 (en) * 2016-06-10 2019-06-13 Acergy France SAS Controlling the Buoyancy of a Mass of Buoyant Spheres
US10935163B2 (en) * 2016-06-10 2021-03-02 Acergy France SAS Controlling the buoyancy of a mass of buoyant spheres
US20220340242A1 (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-10-27 Di Du Offshore Floating Island
US11661157B2 (en) * 2021-04-22 2023-05-30 Di Du Offshore floating island

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO136422C (no) 1983-12-22
NO136422B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-05-23
GB1424446A (en) 1976-02-11

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