US3878804A - Ice-breaking apparatus - Google Patents

Ice-breaking apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878804A
US3878804A US422517A US42251773A US3878804A US 3878804 A US3878804 A US 3878804A US 422517 A US422517 A US 422517A US 42251773 A US42251773 A US 42251773A US 3878804 A US3878804 A US 3878804A
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ice
hose
vessel
nozzles
flexible
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US422517A
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English (en)
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Friedrich J Legerer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Method and apparatus for forming slits in ice to facili- Dec. 19,1972 Canada 159448 We the ice-breaking Operation by dragging a hose over the surface of the ice and directing jets of a 52 us. ca. 114/40 heated medium against the cmacted surface of the 51 hit. Cl. B63b 35/08 The hose is drawn Over the ice by for example 58 Field of Search 114/40-42; vessel having a beam cantilevered forwardly 61 R; 37/12 from. One or more flexible hoses having nozzles therein are suspended from the beam and jets of steam [56] References Cited from the nozzles are directed onto the ice.
  • the invention generally deals with the problem caused by the variability of ice properties as they are encountered by ice-navigating vessels which may be ice breakers, ice-strengthened frgliters. supply ships or ice-navigating ferries. In areas close to shorelines and in harbour regions. there is closed fast ice cover while on the open sea and some Arctic waters. densely floating ice floes of various sizes are predominant. The inter-action of ship and closed fast ice is that the vessel proceeds forwardly continuously as long as the ice properties permit breaking the ice by bending the ice sheet until fracture occurs. At increasing ice resistance. a combination of crushing (forming radial crack pat terns) and of bending (which exhibits circumferential crack patterns) takes place. With further increased ice resistance.
  • the vessel resorts to ramming. that is. backing up for a considerable distance. then accelerating forwardly gaining speed and ramming the ice. Crushing occurs from such ramming and the bow rides up on top of the ice breaking it by the weight of the vessel.
  • the capability of continuous forward movement depends mainly on the thrust. that is. the capacity of the power plant of the vessel while ramming capability is limited by the weight of the vessel.
  • ice The characteristics of ice vary considerably. Fast ice may be fresh. hard ice or free frozen slush with a core with or without snow cover. exhibiting properties generally of composite materials.
  • the thickness of ice encountered by a vessel is not always uniform as pressure ridges may be built up by wind-driven ice sheets impinging on each other wherein they pile up and freeze together.
  • Another form is known as rafted ice which originates when overlapping ice sheets freeze together. It is. thus. readily apparent ice-breaking vessels must encounter substantially varying conditions of ice and the vessel must be designed to operate at maximum resistance of ice which it is expected to encounter. This generally results in an over-design for most operational conditions.
  • the dispensing members preferably consist of flexible hoses having nozzles therein and/or flexibly linked tubes.
  • a method of breaking ice in the path of travel ofa vessel comprising drag ging at least one hose in contact with the ice forwardly of the vessel during forward movement ofthe same and directing jets of a heating medium from the hose against the contacted area of the ice.
  • apparatus for forming at least one split in an ice mass in the path of travel of a vessel comprising at least one flexible hose having a plurality of nozzles in series along a portion of the length thereof and means for suspending each such hose and dragging the same over the ice surface forwardly of the vessel during forward movement of the same.
  • FIG. I is a side elevational view of the prow of a vessel having apparatus mounted thereon in accordance with the present invention:
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of FIG. I but including additional flexible dispensing hoses spaced laterally with reference to the length of the vessel on opposite sides of the central hose:
  • FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2 but illustrating the laterally positioned hoses in a different location thus effecting manoeuverability of the vessel;
  • FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 2 but showing a different position for the apparatus
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of one form of flexible hose:
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along section 6-6 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a modified dispensing flexible link hose for the heated medium.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the linked hose element shown in FIG. 7.
  • a beam 13 is pivotally mounted at 14 on the vessel and cantilevered forwardly therefrom.
  • the beam 13 is held in position by a line 15 which may be wound onto and paid out from a reel winch mechanism 16 mounted on the deck of the vessel.
  • a reel winch mechanism 16 mounted on the deck of the vessel.
  • the beam may be pivoted about pin 14 to raise and lower the free end of the same. as may be desired.
  • the pivot pin 14 is secured in a bracket 17 mounted. if so desired.
  • a plate 18 for rotation about a vertical axis and which may be driven by electric motor 19 having a gear 20 engaging a gear secured to the plate.
  • electric motor 19 having a gear 20 engaging a gear secured to the plate.
  • conduit 21 Extending longitudinally along the beam 13 is a conduit 21 which may be considered a header or manifold to supply a heated medium to further conduits to be described hereinafter.
  • the conduit 21 may be an insulated conduit. or altermttively. located in an insulated. closed-in structure of the beam.
  • the conduit 21 is connected by a flexible coupling 22 and further conduit 23 to a steam generator 24 carried by the vessel.
  • the flexible coupling 22 may be replaced by a swivel coupling in the mounting bracket 17.
  • a flexible hose 25 Connected to the conduit 21 and depending downwardly from the beam 13 is a flexible hose 25 having sufficient length as to be dragged over the surface of the ice 12 along a line corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and preceding immediately the bow of the vessel.
  • the flexible hose 25 may be connected to the header conduit 21 through a remotely controlled valve 26 for controlling flow of the heated medium to the flexible conduit.
  • One or more feeder hoses 27 are connected respectively at opposite ends to the header conduit 21 and the flexible hose 25.
  • the feeder hoses 27 may be connected to the conduit 21, if desired. through remotely controlled valves 28 and such hoses provide additional means for supplying a heated medium to the conduit 25 from the header conduit 21. This permits utilizing. if desired. a constant cross-sectional area for the hose 25 without any substantial losses to a series of nozzles 29 in the flexible hose 25.
  • the nozzles 29 are located on the bottom edge of the hose for directing the heated medium directly onto the upper surface of the ice 12.
  • the feeder hoses 27 also reduce torsional freedom of the flexible hose 25. thus assuring that the nozzles 29 are pointing downwardly as the flexible hose 25 is dragged over the ice surface.
  • the flexible hose 25 shown in detail in FIG. 5. consists ofsections 30 connected in end-to-end relation by Y-coupling members 31 to which is also connected the feeder hose 27.
  • the hose sections 30 are preferably weighted on the under surface by members 32 spaced at longitudinal intervals or alternatively. continuous throughout the length.
  • the weights 32 maybe provided as shown in FIG. 6 by lead or other heavy weight material embedded in a portion of the wall of the hose.
  • the nozzles 29 are formed by small apertures extending through a wall of the hose and directed downwardly with the apparatus in position for directing jets of heated fluid medium onto the ice surface.
  • the jets are spaced longitudinally along the hose at appropriate locations for effectiveness in melting the ice and of a size to deliver a sufficient quantity of heated medium also to be effective in melting a narrow slit in the ice.
  • the flexible hose 25 may be insulated throughout its length or portions thereof and this may be provided by an insulated covering. or alternatively. the hose may be con structed of an insulating material. Alternatively. or in addition thereto. the hose may be heated throughout its length or portions thereof by. for example. electric resistance elements embedded in the hose or mounted on the outer surface thereof.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 An alternative arrangement for the flexible hose 25 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and which consists of rigid hose sections 33 hingedly interconnected in end-to-end relation by pins 33A.
  • Each hose section 33 has a plurality of nozzles 29 directed downwardly. such nozzles being spaced apart longitudinally along the hose section.
  • Each hose section 33 is provided with a coupling member 34 for connecting a feeder hose 27 thereto.
  • the length of hose sections 33 may vary one from the other and sufficient joints are provided to provide flexibility necessary for the hose to be dragged over the ice surface and remain in contact therewith during dragging. It will be obvious in each instance as the vessel proceeds forwardly the trailing end of the hose is located in the slit formed thereby and progressively is disposed below the ice surface.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide a hose 25 which can follow closely the ice surface being melted so that the nozzles 29 are most always in close proximity or direct contact with the ice melted thereby.
  • a flexible hose is preferred.
  • rigid hose sections may be used and mounted in such a manner as to move and effectively accomplish the same result.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a further embodiment which incorporates two further flexible hoses 25A located laterally to the left and to the right of the cantilevered beam 13 (see FIG. 2).
  • the flexible hoses 25A are carried on arms 40 and 41, pivotally attached by respective mountings 42 and 43 to the cantilevered beam 13 at positions spaced longitudinally therealong.
  • Pivotal movement of the respective arms 40 and -31 may be effected by use of hydraulic piston cylinder assemblies. electric motors. cables or the like. none of which is shown.
  • the arms are shown in FIG. 2 projecting perpendicularly outward from the cantilevered beam 13 positioning the flexible hoses 25A at their maximum distance from the beam and which. preferably. is generally in alignment with the respective lateral outmost sides of the vessel. or therebeyond by distances of approximately I 5 ft. depending upon appropriate location to facilitate the ice breaking operation.
  • the pivotally mounted arms 40 and 41 provide means for variously positioning the flexible hoses 25A at varying distances from the hose 25.
  • the cantilevered beam 13 is illustrated pivoted to the left of its normal forwardly projecting position. thereby moving the flexible hoses 25 and 25A along a different path of travel. This facilitates changing the direction of travel of the vessel during forward travel in an ice-breaking operation.
  • hoses and/0r flexibly linked tubes or hoses or a combination thereof are suspended from beams and/or across arms cantilevered in front and laterally to the left and right of the prow of the boat. They are connected by conduit means to a source of steam and/or wet steam and/or hot water with nozzles being located on the downward side for directing hot jets against the ice surface. For reasons of safety and economy. low pressures are preferred. As the nozzles glide directly over the ice surface.
  • the fluid jets melt and/or erode slits into the ice which act as rails for subsequently-following parts of the hoses. Because of the direct contact between the nozzles and the ice. the efficiency of heat transfer and/or erosion effects of the jets is highest while the mechanical flexibility precludes permanent damage of buckling which is typical in rigid devices required in highpressure jets as in the prior art.
  • low pressure steam is preferred as this is a relatively economical form of energy of a fluid medium
  • a further advantage is that low pressure steam is easy to handle and the expertise for handling is normally available within the crew of a vessel.
  • the fluid jets form slits through. as mentioned. melting and/or eroding into the ice. thereby weakening the ice.
  • Open sea ice consists of floating ice floes covering the water and slash appears when a denseice cover is melting.
  • the resistance of a vessel in such instances is due to frictional forces in combination with ice formation at the hall.
  • the viscosity of the two-phase fluid. i.e. ice and water through which the vessel proceeds. is increased as compared to the viscosity of water alone.
  • This method also may be employed for suppressing ice formation along the water-line of the hull and to free a beset vessel.
  • the flexible hoses be relatively small. for example. 1 e 2 inches in diameter and operating at pressures up to 100 psi.
  • steam be provided in quantities ranging from 20.000 100.000 lbs. per hour depending. of course. upon the size of the vessel and thickness of ice to be broken. 1n the arrangement illustrated.
  • the hose which is dragged over the surface is described as being flexible or rigid sections linked together.
  • other mechanical means may be utilized to adapt the hose for following the contour of the ice and the term flexibility herein is meant to include any hose which is adapted to be dragged over and follow the contour of the ice surface. the purpose being to maintain contact between the nozzles and the portion of the ice being melted.
  • Apparatus for forming a slit in an ice mass in the path of travel of a vessel comprising:
  • a flexible hose having a plurality of nozzles in se ries along a portion of the length thereof:
  • c. means mounted on said vessel and connected to one end of said hose for dragging the same over the ice surface forwardly of the vessel during forward movement of such vessel.
  • said nozzles being lo cated on a side of the hose in contact with the ice during dragging thereof;
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2. wherein said means mounted on said vessel comprises a beam cantilevered forwardly from the prow of the vessel during use of said apparatus and including further means suspending the hose from said beam.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 3 including means for pivotally mounting said beam on said vessel.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 7 including feeder conduits connected to said header conduit and flexible hose at positions respectively longitudinally along the beam and said flexible hose.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 8 including valves for controlling the supply of heated medium to said flexible hose.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 including means restraining torsional movement of said hose.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 including weights on said flexible hose along the generating line of said nozzles compensating against reacting lifting forces on the flexible hose.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 including two further flexible hoses each having a series of nozzles therein and means for suspending the same laterally respectively on opposite sides of the flexible hose defined in claim 3 to drag such further flexible hoses over the ice surface. thereby providing. means for forming three slits in the ice mass in the path of travel of the vessel.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said flexible hose comprises a plurality of rigid hose sections hingedly interconnected in end-to-end relation.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 14 including conduit coupling means on each of said rigid hose sections and feeder hoses connected to each of said coupling means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
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US422517A 1972-12-19 1973-12-07 Ice-breaking apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3878804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA159,448A CA964527A (en) 1972-12-19 1972-12-19 Ice-breaking apparatus

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US422517A Expired - Lifetime US3878804A (en) 1972-12-19 1973-12-07 Ice-breaking apparatus

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US (1) US3878804A (sv)
JP (1) JPS4996481A (sv)
CA (1) CA964527A (sv)
DE (1) DE2361251C3 (sv)
FI (1) FI58462C (sv)
NO (1) NO141685C (sv)
SE (1) SE408881B (sv)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539884A (en) * 1968-09-18 1970-11-10 Motorola Inc Integrated transistor and variable capacitor
US4032090A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-06-28 Thornton Trump Walter E Method for deicing aircraft
US4152999A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-05-08 Mitsui Engineering And Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Ice-breaking apparatus for ships and barges for operation on icy waters
US4747361A (en) * 1984-03-05 1988-05-31 Oy Lars Lundin Patent Ab Arrangement on a water craft for collecting oil present on the water surface, in particular, among ice blocks.
US20120031318A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2012-02-09 Sami Saarinen Vessel or floating structure operating in ice-covered waters and method of using it
US20150027430A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-01-29 Soo-Jin Kim Ice melting apparatus for ship voyage
EP2714996A4 (en) * 2011-05-22 2015-05-20 Oilwhale Oy METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETACHING OIL FROM ICE
US20170175351A1 (en) * 2012-01-03 2017-06-22 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Snow thrower
RU2662613C1 (ru) * 2017-05-12 2018-07-26 Александр Александрович Скиперский Способ движения кораблей и судов во льдах
CN111645812A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-11 郭萌 河道浮桥用无污染清凌装置
CN112478070A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-12 江苏科技大学 一种应用于极地船舶球鼻首的破冰装置
RU2781693C1 (ru) * 2022-05-05 2022-10-17 Борис Соломонович Бабицкий Устройство разрушения ледового покрова

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52124687A (en) * 1976-04-10 1977-10-19 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd Ship for frozen sea and device for cutting ice of barge
RU2444590C1 (ru) * 2010-07-12 2012-03-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный технологический университет" (СибГТУ) Способ разработки торфяных полей на акваториях водохранилищ и устройство для осуществления способа

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US588393A (en) * 1897-08-17 Ice-cutting apparatus
US1722843A (en) * 1927-06-21 1929-07-30 Fasul Dominick Snow-removing apparatus
US3670681A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-06-20 Thomas B Upchurch Jr Ship mounted ice breaking system
US3678873A (en) * 1970-10-02 1972-07-25 Sun Oil Co Method and apparatus for cutting ice

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US588393A (en) * 1897-08-17 Ice-cutting apparatus
US1722843A (en) * 1927-06-21 1929-07-30 Fasul Dominick Snow-removing apparatus
US3670681A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-06-20 Thomas B Upchurch Jr Ship mounted ice breaking system
US3678873A (en) * 1970-10-02 1972-07-25 Sun Oil Co Method and apparatus for cutting ice

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539884A (en) * 1968-09-18 1970-11-10 Motorola Inc Integrated transistor and variable capacitor
US4032090A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-06-28 Thornton Trump Walter E Method for deicing aircraft
US4152999A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-05-08 Mitsui Engineering And Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Ice-breaking apparatus for ships and barges for operation on icy waters
US4747361A (en) * 1984-03-05 1988-05-31 Oy Lars Lundin Patent Ab Arrangement on a water craft for collecting oil present on the water surface, in particular, among ice blocks.
US9003987B2 (en) * 2009-03-12 2015-04-14 Aker Arctic Technology Inc. Vessel or floating structure operating in ice-covered waters and method of using it
US20120031318A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2012-02-09 Sami Saarinen Vessel or floating structure operating in ice-covered waters and method of using it
EP2714996A4 (en) * 2011-05-22 2015-05-20 Oilwhale Oy METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETACHING OIL FROM ICE
US20170175351A1 (en) * 2012-01-03 2017-06-22 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Snow thrower
US10208442B2 (en) * 2012-01-03 2019-02-19 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Snow thrower
US20150027430A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-01-29 Soo-Jin Kim Ice melting apparatus for ship voyage
CN104340351A (zh) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-11 金秀珍 船舶航行用融冰装置
EP2840237A3 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-04-08 Soo-Jin Kim Ice melting apparatus for ship voyage
RU2553485C1 (ru) * 2013-07-29 2015-06-20 Соо-Дзин КИМ Устройство для растапливания льда для прохождения судна (варианты)
RU2662613C1 (ru) * 2017-05-12 2018-07-26 Александр Александрович Скиперский Способ движения кораблей и судов во льдах
CN111645812A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-11 郭萌 河道浮桥用无污染清凌装置
CN112478070A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-12 江苏科技大学 一种应用于极地船舶球鼻首的破冰装置
RU2781693C1 (ru) * 2022-05-05 2022-10-17 Борис Соломонович Бабицкий Устройство разрушения ледового покрова

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA964527A (en) 1975-03-18
NO141685B (no) 1980-01-14
FI58462B (fi) 1980-10-31
SE408881B (sv) 1979-07-16
FI58462C (fi) 1981-02-10
DE2361251B2 (de) 1978-07-20
DE2361251C3 (de) 1979-03-08
DE2361251A1 (de) 1974-06-20
NO141685C (no) 1980-04-23
JPS4996481A (sv) 1974-09-12

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