Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
  • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
  • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A five-grade motor oil composition for gasoline internal combustion engines having improved oil consumption and low-temperature cranking characteristics comprises a base oil blend of two solvent extracted neutral mineral oils and a dewaxed and dearomatized catalytically cracked mineral oil stock, in combination with suitable lube oil additives.
• the finished oil formulation meets the requirements for a SAE 5W-40 motor oil.
• This invention relates to a motor oil composition for gasoline internal combustion engines. More particularly this invention relates to a blended motor oil base stock that will provide adequate lubrication for internal combustion engines despite extreme climatic conditions.
• lubricating oils must provide minimal wear in an engine under operating temperatures at the cylinder walls in the combustion zone ranging from well below F. on a winter morning to well above 400F. To perform this function satisfactorily, the oil must have thermal stability, shear stability and a resistance to breaking down into harmful deposits which show up as varnish within the engine. Another important criterion for motor oil performance is that it have low consumption in an engine, particularly because environmental pollution caused by automobile emissions is of concern.
• lt is therefor an object of this invention to provide a base oil for a motor oil formulation which comprises a unique blend of several refinery lubricating oil stocks in certain specific proportions which when used in con junction with well known multi-functional dispersantdetergent additives, viscosity index improvers, and pour point depressants will be consumed at very low levels in the operation of the engine and will meet the required specifications for a five-grade SAE 5W-40 crankcase oil.
• the most preferred oils of the instant invention provide a finished 5W-40 motor oil wherein no more than 12 volume percent of the oil boils below 725F., has a minimum 300F. viscosity of 6.5 centistokes, a minimum 210F. viscosity of 14.7 centistokes, a maximum 0F. viscosity of 12 poises (cold crank simulator viscosity) and a maximum consumption rate in the engine of about 5.8 quarts/64 hours of oil as defined by the Sequence IIIC test (SAE-General Motors-6041).
• the base oil for the multi-grade motor oil comprises a specific blend of two selected solvent extracted neutral mineral oils, one having a viscosity of about 100 to about 150 SSU preferably about 140 SSU at 100F., and the other having a viscosity of about 700 to about 800 SSU preferably about 750 SSU at 100F., (hereinafter referred to as SEN 100-150 and SEN 700-800 respectively) and a second component which is dewaxed and dearomatized catalytically cracked mineral oil stock having an average viscosity of about to about SSU preferably about 85 SSU at F. (herein referred to as HVl 75-90 oil).
• Solvent extracted neutral oils are well-known standard mineral oil refinery stocks.
• the HVl 75-90 oil is an end product obtained by fractionating the effluent from a catalytic cracking zone in a tower, running off the bottoms from the tower into a catalyst separation zone where the catalyst fines are settled out, decanting the supernatant phase called cycle oil or decanted oil, and extracting the decanted oil with a solvent for the removal of aromatics.
• the extract phase containing the aromatics is removed, and the raffinate phase containing the paraffinic stock is led to a dewaxing zone where wax is separated, leaving a dewaxed oil product which is the feed stock for the HVI oil used.
• the HVl 759O oil is obtained by fractionally distilling this feedstock.
• a process for obtaining a wax composition from a catalytic cracking stock, leaving a dewaxed oil product, is described in US. Pat. No. 2,660,553.
• the base oil of this invention comprises a carefully balanced mixture of the aforementioned refinery stocks so that a light component and a heavy component are formulated and are combined to fulfill the SAE SW and the SAE 40 requirements of the multigrade motor oil.
• the light component which fulfills the SAE5W requirement of the motor oil comprises a blend of two fractions of the dewaxed, dearomatized, fractionated catalytically cracked stock, which has superior thermal stability as compared with solvent extracted neutral oilsof comparable boiling range, and a unique ability to reduce the viscosity of 0F. without decreasing the viscosity at 210F. in the same ratio.
• the heavy component which fulfills the SAE-40 requirement is derived from a blend of the SEN 100-150 oil and the SEN 700-800 oil. The properties of typical mineral oil stocks blended to formulate the motor oil of this invention are given in Table l.
• the high boiling range of the light component of this lubricating oil formulation is uniquely obtained by combining two fractions of the dewaxed, dearomatized, catalytically cracked stock in certain definite ratios which apparently azeotrope, thereby retaining the high boiling range while reducing viscosity. It is highly important that a minimum amount of this light component boil below 725F. and that the 210F. viscosity remain as high as possible in order to minimize the quality of the oil consumed by the engine.
• the trend in oil consumption by the engine as related to the amount of oil in the finished oil boiling below 725F. is illustrated by the data given in Table II. These data show within limits of experimental error that oils containing substantially more than 25 volume percent of components boiling below 725F. increase consumption above the tolerable limits. Preferred are light components where no more than 15 volume percent boil below 725F.
• the light component of this base oil formulation In order for the light component of this base oil formulation to meet the consumption restriction and to fulfill the SW requirement in the finished oil, the light component must have a minimum viscosity at 210F. of about 3.2 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at F. of about 5.9 poises, coupled with a restrictive boiling range of between about 650 to 800F. with no more than about 25 percent by volume of the oil boiling below 725F.
• the light component of the base oil of this invention is conveniently a blend of from about to 18 percent by volume of an oil fraction of a dewaxed, dearomatized, catalytically cracked stock having a maximum of about 80 percent of the oil by volume boiling below 725F., a 210F.
• the ratio of the two oil fractions that constitute the base oil may vary to some extent with the type of additive employed in the finished oil, since in instances where the additive contains a diluent oil, the volatility of the base oil must be adjusted in accordance with the volatility of the diluent oil employed.
• the heavy component of the base oil in this invention in order to fulfill the SAE 40 requirement of the finished oil must have a 300F. viscosity of at least 2.5 centistokes in order to provide sufficient hydrodynamic film strength at high temperatures, a minimum 210F. viscosity of about 6.4 centistokes, a maximum 0F. viscosity of about 20.0 poises and with little or no volume percent of the oil boiling below 725F.
• the heavy component having the above properties is obtainable by blending from about 70 to about 85 preferably 72 to 84 volume percent of a SEN 100-150 oil with from about 15 to about 30 preferably 16 to 28 volume percent of a SEN 700-800 oil, the properties of typical oils being given in Table 1.
• the requirements for a 5W-40 base oil can be essentially met with the oil blend comprising the light component of the present formulation, there is need for the heavy component to fulfill the 300F. viscosity requirement essential for adequate film strength of the oil at high temperatures. Concomitantly, the heavy component should have properties which do not increase the 0F. viscosity of the base oil formulation to above about 5.7 poises. Such an oil is obtained with the blend of a SEN 700-800 oil with a SEN 100-150 oil.
• the light and heavy components are blended in amounts ranging from about to parts of the light component with from about 15 to 30 parts of the heavy component on a volume basis.
• a typical base oil would have a maximum of about 10 volume percent of the oil boiling below 725F. with the following viscometric properties:
• the additives to be added to the base oil formulation in order to obtain a finished crankcase oil with the proper SAE specification are those that are available commercially, such as the A.P.l. Service S.E.-type additives.
• two additives which are preferred to be combined with the base oil are a viscosity index improver and a multi-functional additive which is also a detergent-dispersant-inhibitor-type additive.
• a representative additive of the former type is polymethylmethacrylate which typically may have a specific gravity of about 0.9, a viscosity at 210F. of about 4200 SSU, and viscosity at F. of about 63,000 SSU with a pour point of +25F.
• a representative additive of the latter type typically has a specific gravity of 0.95, a viscosity at 210F. of 156 SSU and contains minor quantities of magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and zinc. Chemically this additive contains zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and calcium alkyl phenates as oxidation inhibitors, a succinimide as an ashless dispersant and magnesium sulfonate as a detergent.
• a blended base oil composition for. use in a fiveat 100F., and grade SAE 5W-40 motor 011 comprising a blend ofthe- 2. from about 16 to 28 parts by volume ofa solvent following mineral oil components: extracted neutral oil of about 750 SSU viscosity,
• component (A) which consists essentially of a mixat 100F.
• ture of said component (A) having a minimum viscosity at 1. from about 70 to 85 parts by volume ofa solvent 300F. of 2.5 centistokes, a minimum viscosity at extracted neutral oil of about 100-150 SSU vis- 210F. of 6.0 centistokes, a maximum viscosity of 0F. cosity at 100F., and of 20.0 poises, with zero percent of the oil boiling 2.
• I extracted neutral oil of about 700-800 SSU viscomponent (B) which consists essentially of a blend cosity, at 100F., of dewaxed oils obtained from an essentially arosaid component (A) having a minimum viscosity at maticfree catalytically cracked stock, said blend 300F. of 2.5 centistokes, a minimum viscosity at having a minimum viscosity of 210F. of 3.2 centi- 210F. of 6.0 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F.
• component (B) which consists essentially of l-lVl and wherein component (B) comprises from about -90 dewaxed oil obtained from an essentially to percent by volume of the total base oil composiaromatic-free catalytically cracked stock said de- 5 tion. waxed oil having a minimum viscosity at 210F. of 3.
• the blended base oil composition of claim 1 3.2 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 5.9 wherein component (B) consists essentially of a blend poises and a maximum of 25 percent by volume of of the dewaxed oil boiling below 725F., 1.
• component (B) comprises from about 70 60 of a dewaxed, catalytically cracked stock having to percent by volume of the total base oil composia viscosity at 210F. of from about 2.8 to 2.9 cention. tistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 2.9 2.
• component (A) which consists essentially of a mixture of l. from about 70 to 85 parts by volume of a solvent extracted neutral oil of about 100-150 SSU viscosity at 100F., and 2. from about 15 to 30 parts by volume of a solvent extracted neutral oil of about 700-800 SSU viscosity at 100F., said component (A) having a minimum viscosity at 300F. of 2.5 centistokes, a minimum viscosity at 210F. of 6.0 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 20.0 poises with little or none of the oil boiling below 725F.; and
• component (B) which consists essentially of l-lVl 75-90 dewaxed oil obtained from an essentially aromatic-free catalytically cracked stock, said dewaxed oil having a minimum viscosity at 210F. of 3.2 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 5.9 poises and a maximum of 25 percent by volume of the dewaxed oil boiling below 725F.;
• component (B) comprises from about 70 to 85 percent by volume of the total base oil composition.
• component (A) consists essentially of 1. from 72 to 84 parts by volume of a solvent extracted neutral oil of about 140 SSU viscosity at 100F., and 2. from about 16 to 28 parts by volume of a solvent extracted neutral oil of about 750 SSU viscosity at 100F., with zero percent of the oil boiling below 725F.; and component (B) which consists essentially of a blend of dewaxed oils obtained from an essentially aromaticfree catalytically cracked stock; said blend having a maximum of 15 percent by volume of the dewaxed oils boiling below 725F.; wherein component (B) comprises to percent by volume of the total base oil composition.
• component (B) consists essentially of a blend of 1. from about 5 to 18 parts by volume of a fraction of a dewaxed, catalytically cracked stock having a viscosity at 2 10F. of from about 2.8 to 2.9 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 2.9 poises, and a maximum of 80 percent by volume of said oil fraction boiling below 725F.; and
• composition in claim 5 wherein said viscosity index improver is polymethylmethacrylate and said multifunctional detergent additive comprises a mixture of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, a calcium alkyl phenate, a succinimide and magnesium sulfonate.
• An HVl 75-90 dewaxed oil having an average viscosity of 75 to about 90 SSU at F. obtained from an essentially aromatic-free catalytically cracked stock, said dewaxed oil having a minimum viscosity at 210F. of 3.2 centistokes, a maximum viscosity at 0F. of 5.9 poises and a maximum of 25 percent by volume of the dewaxed oil boiling below 725F.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Cited By (12)

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Citations (4)

• 1972
  • 1972-09-19 GB GB4326972A patent/GB1404660A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-09-27 CA CA152,657A patent/CA984372A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-10-14 DE DE2250467A patent/DE2250467A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1972-10-24 JP JP47105878A patent/JPS4860702A/ja active Pending
  • 1972-11-08 FR FR7239485A patent/FR2160840B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1973
  • 1973-02-02 US US329033A patent/US3873455A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

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