US3871287A - Combustion grate structure - Google Patents

Combustion grate structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871287A
US3871287A US314915A US31491572A US3871287A US 3871287 A US3871287 A US 3871287A US 314915 A US314915 A US 314915A US 31491572 A US31491572 A US 31491572A US 3871287 A US3871287 A US 3871287A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grate
beams
plates
castings
movable
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Expired - Lifetime
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US314915A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Spillman
Georg Von Arx
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Von Roll AG
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Von Roll AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H13/00—Grates not covered by any of groups F23H1/00-F23H11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2700/00—Grates characterised by special features or applications
    • F23H2700/009—Grates specially adapted for incinerators

Definitions

  • SHEET 1 0F 3 I LBS l COMBUSTION GRATE STRUCTURE CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED PATENT U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,770, Mar. 28, 1972.
  • the present invention relates to a combustion grate structure, and more particularly to a combustion grate structure for use in incinerators particularly in refuse or trash incinerators, in which the substance to be burned is fed lengthwise of the combustion grate, and in which, alternately, adjacently arranged rows of fixed and movable combustion grate blocks and plates are provided.
  • Incinerator structures and particularly incinerator structures to burn household refuse, municipal refuse, trash, and the like, are subjected to high temperatures, so that the combustion grate elements have to be replaced from time to time. It has been customary to provide. longitudinal beams (with respect to the feed direction of the substance to be burned, hereinafter for short called trash), to which grate blocks are secured, the blocks in turn supporting the grate elements or plates which extend transversely of the support beams. It has been proposed to secure the various blocks on which the grate elements or plates are secured, by means of screws, or bolts and the like, of the beams on which the blocks are supported.
  • This type of attachment has a severe disadvantage, since the blocks can be removed from the beams only with great difficulty after they have been in use for some time, thus greatly interfering with replacement of the grate blocks, and the grate structures or plates on which the trash to be burned is physically located.
  • the attachment screws during operation of the incinerating structure, have the tendency to bake into the nuts, or matching thread elements so that it is frequently necessary to cut the blocks from the beams by means of cutting torches or the like. This is not only an expensive and time consuming operation but additionally destroys the very elements which are used to secure the blocks to the beams, and thus greatly increases the cost of replacement of parts of the grate structure.
  • grate structures have been proposed in which cast grate plates are utilized, cast in such a manner that they have ribs which project downwardly to fit into projecting hooks secured to the grate blocks, so that the plates can be hooked into the grate blocks below, thus avoiding the necessity of removal of the grate blocks themselves.
  • This type of structure results in very heavy grate plates, and blocks, each of which must be cast separately and have a comparatively complicated shape, which increases the costs of the castings, and detracts-from their use. Machining for accurate fit of the plates, after casting, is usually economically not desired.
  • the fixed, as well as the movable grate blocks and plates are placed on the beams beneath (some fixed, some movable) to be retained on the beams by their own weight, that is, by gravity, and held in place and position on the beams by means of matching interengaging, interlocking seats;
  • the grate plates and the grate blocks, which physically reston the beams, are made as unitary integral structures, preferably as a single structural casting.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fixed grate beam, according to the prior art, with grate blocks securedby screws;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal, schematic sectional view through a known grate structure with a movable grate beam and movable grate blocks, the grate blocks being secured by screws;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal schematic view, partly in section, of a grate system of the type of FIG. I, and utilizing the system of the present invention, the supporting beam being fixed;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, for a movable support beam
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along lines V-V of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a detail view of a grate support structure in accordance with the prior art, to support a grate plate on a beam of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a greatly enlarged partly sectional side view of a grate structure and its engagement with a grate beam therebeneath, in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A combustion grate R,, as known, is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Fixed grate blocks 1 form support blocks for the grate plates 1 (FIG. 7), the support blocks 1,; being secured by attachment screws BS and nuts M to a fixed support or grate beam 2 The trash is fed downwardly in the direction of the arrow V.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a corresponding attachment arrangement to a beam 2, of the known grate R,
  • the movable beam 2 has grate blocks 1 secured thereto by means of screws; the beam 2 is reciprocated by means of a fluid cylinder system AZ, and a piston rod ST secured by a hinge joint G to the beam, to reciprocate the beam in the feed direction V on the grate structure R
  • the movable beam 2,, and with it the grate blocks I move in a linear path which is up wardly inclined.
  • the grate beams themselves are supported on a pair of slide surfaces A which are upwardly inclined in direction of the feed V of the trash.
  • FIG. 3 shows an incinerator or furnace grate R in which unitary structures 1, including both blocks and transverse plates are placed on fixed beams 2, to be retained thereon merely by their weight and by the engagement or interlocking seat of the blocks and the beam.
  • the blocks 1, and the transverse plates 1a are a single integral structural unit, that is, a single integral casting, as best seen to an enlarged scale in FIG. 7, which also shows the interengaging positioning of the seats on the beam 2 and the blocks 1.
  • the grate blocks and plates 1' of the grate structure, with respect to movable grate blocks, is'seen in FIG. 4.
  • the drive for the movable beam 2 can be exactly that previously described in connection with FIG. 2 and is similar to the drive of known structures.
  • FIG. 5 clearly shows how adjacent fixed and movable grate beams 2,
  • the fixed grate blocks 1, as well as the movable grate blocks 1 are formed with parallel upwardly extending wings, forming extensions of the side plates SW These side plates, or wings SW, form, together with the plates 6, 7 (FIG. 7) a channel structure, to guide the trash into channels and prevent small particles which may be included in the trash, such as screws, nails, spark plugs, or other similar elements from falling between the plates and interfering with movement of adjacent movable and stationary blocks, or causing wear at the sides.
  • the upwardly drawn wings SW thus decrease the tendency of lateral wear of the blocks.
  • Grate blocks 1,, (fixed) or 1 (movable) of a customary known grate structure R are illustrated in greater enlargement in FIG. 6. As can be clearly seen,
  • FIG. 6 further illustrates that the grate plate 1a, is a separate element which has a pair of downwardly extending ribs R and R shaped to receive projections N, and N respectively, formed on the grate blocks 1 1,, respectively, and engaged from beneath by the projection to provide for an interlocking connection between the block 1 1,,,,, respectively, and the loosely attached plate l It has been found, during use, that the blocks, as well as the plates deteriorate during use, and require replacement.
  • screws BS and nuts M will bake together and bind and, after use, can be removed from the underlying beam (which usually is not subject to temperature deterioration) only with great difficulty, if at all.
  • replacement of the grate blocks themselves is very difficult, and can be carried out usually only by destruction of the screws BS and the nuts M, by cutting away the screws and nuts by means of cutting torches.
  • the requirements of manufacture additionally, as can be seen from FIG. 6, require three separate casting molds, one for each of the two differentgrate blocks and one for the grate plate. The shape of the blocks, and the shape beneath the plates with the ribs and the interengaging, interlocking structure is difficult to cast.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the structure in accordance with the present invention
  • the grate blocks 1 (fixed) and l (movable), respectively, ofthe grate R are connected to the underlying beams 2 (fixed) and 2' (movable), respectively, without the use of any attachement screws, or screw connections. Yet, they are readily removable, while still being securely held on the beam.
  • the grate plate block combination 1, 1', respectively, seats on the associated beam 2, 2, respectively, by being loosely laid thereon, retained by its own weight and by an interlocking seat.
  • the blocks 1, l and plates 1a, l'a, respectively, are single integral structural units and cast as such, in one single element.
  • each one of the blocks 1, 1, respectively is formed with transversely extending ribs 3.
  • the beams 2, 2, respectively, are formed with transversely extending abutment rails 4, which may be angle structures to receive the ribs 3 and form a seat therefor.
  • the ribs 3 are rectangular, for example of square cross section; the rails 4 are shaped as angles located in advance of the ribs 3 (with respect to the feed direction V) forming a forward stop with respect to longitudinal movement of the 'ribs, and overlapping the ribs 3.
  • Each one of the plates la, l'a, respectively, is formed with a step 5 extending transversely to the feed direction V, so that the plates are sub-divided into a pair of plate sections 6, 7.
  • the step 5 is formed with an opening 8 for combustion air to be supplied from beneath the grate structure R It is practically impossible that any components of the trash to be burned, and still in solid form, can plug the opening 8, or fall through opening 8 due to the inclined position of the grate R,., as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 7 also shows the arrangement of the side wings SW, referred to in connection with FIG. 5, and previously described in detail.
  • the grate structure of the present invention has the substantial advantage that the blocks can be exchanged at any time, even after long time in use in the furnace, quickly, easily, and troublefree, and without destruction of any connection elements.
  • An additional and substantial advantage resides in the fact that only one single casting mold must be prepared for both the blocks and the plates, which substantially decreases the overall costs of the grate structure, as well as of replacement parts.
  • the single, unitary casting of the blocks and the plates decreases the weight of the blocks and plates, taken together, with respect to the individually cast items by a substantial amount, since interlocking areas of heavy cast metal are no longer required.
  • the particular structure also permits application of combustion air to the trash, to be placed on the upper surfaces 6,, and 7,, in spite of the fact that the grate plates can be made to have a substantial lateral extent.
  • the structure is so arranged that, in spite of the opening for application of combustion air, trash is effectively prevented from falling through the combustion air apertures.
  • grate cutters or grate pokers 10 are swingably secured to the fixed grate bar or beam 2 They swing back and forth, operated by a link 11, linked eccentrically to the grate cutter and driven from a shaft 12 by means of an eccenter connection, the shaft 12 itself being operated by a suitable motor, for example a pneumatic cylinder (not shown).
  • a suitable motor for example a pneumatic cylinder (not shown).
  • the grate cutter is a flat swinging raking element which is pivoted within a window-like recess of a stationary grate block secured to the fixed grate bar 2 and is used to rake up, or to poke the layer or bed of fuel lying on the combustion grate R
  • the movable grate bars 2, which alternate with the fixed grate bars 2 do not have grate cutters affixed thereto.
  • the structure of the present invention permits ready interchange without removal of any screw elementswhich have a tendency to freeze or burn-in.
  • the grate blocks to be used both for the fixed as well as for the movable beams can be made to be identical, with the same shape and size, reducing not only the costs in casting but also reducing requirements for storing replacement elements and parts of the furnace structure.
  • the grate structures themselves have to be replaced from time to time.
  • the air opening or aperture 8 may be an elongated slot, a single opening, or a plurality of openings formed in the step between the individual plate sections 6, 7; different types of attachment ribs 3 and holding rails 4 may be used, the structure being shown providing an effective, easily made engaging seat.
  • the plates, and plate sections and plate blocks can be placed on the beams in various arrangements, and in a preferred form are so placed that the leading plate'section 6 (FIG. 7), with respect to the feed direction of the trash, overlaps the trailing end of the trailing plate of an adjacent block and plate unit, to prevent trash particles from falling between adjacent plate units (see also FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the units are supported at two engaging seats and abutment rails 4, one of the seats formed by rib 3 and abutment rail 4 being preferably located in the region of the step 5, or in advance thereof and to provide for reliable seating of the block plate units on the respective beam.
  • grate beams (2, 2) located beneath the grate plates, grate support blocks located selected grate beams (2 FIG. 4) being movable along thedirection of feed of said substance and other grate beams (2 FIG.
  • the grate plates (la, 1 a; 6, 7) and the support blocks on the movable as well as on the stationary beams are identical, single, integral castings (l, 1') so that the plates and the blocks form plate portions la, 1'0) and block portions of said castings, said castings being placed on the respective movable and stationary grate beams (2, 2') to be retained thereon by gravity, the upper surface of the movable as well as the stationary beams and the lower surface of the block'portions of said castings being formed with interlocking, shaped matching seats, said matching seats comprising ribs (3) formed on each of the block sections (1a, 1'a) and extending transversely to the grate beam, and abutment rails (4) formed on the grate beams (2, 2) extending transversely to the grate beams thereby permitting random placement of any plate-block casting on any seat
  • the abutment rails (4) are generally angle-shaped and located in advance of, and overlapping the ribs, with respect to the feed direction (V) of said substance to form said interlocking seats.
  • each grate plate section (In, l'a) is formed with two plate subdivisions (6, 7) which are located longitudinally adjacent each other, with respect to the feed direction (V) of the substance, and have vertically stepped adjacent edges to form a step (5) extending transversely of the grate beam (2, 2');
  • Structure according to claim 1 comprising upwardly extending side walls (SW extending from the sides of the integral casting to prevent escape of particles from said substance between the integral castings on said grate beams.
  • leading plate sub-division with respect to the feed direction of said substance, extends above and overlaps the trailing plate sub-division of an adjacent integral casting, when placed on the respective beam.
  • a combination grate structure having spaced grate plates (6, 7) on which the substance to be burned is adapted to be positioned, grate beams (2, 2') located beneath the grate plates, grate support blocks located between the grate beams and the grate plates (6, 7) to removably support the grate plates on the beams and space the plates from the beams;
  • grate plates (la, l'a; 6, 7) and the support blocks on the movable as well as on the stationary beams are identical, single, integral castings (l, 1') so that the plates and the blocks formplate portions (la, l'a) and block portions of said castings, said castings being placed on the respective movable and stationary grate beams (2, 2') to be retained thereon by gravity, upwardly extending side walls (SW extend from the sides of the integral casting to prevent escape of particles from said substance between the integral castings on said grate beams, the upper surface of the movable as well as the stationary beams and the lower surface of the block portions of said castings being formed with interlocking, shaped matching seats, to permit random placement of any plate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US314915A 1971-12-22 1972-12-14 Combustion grate structure Expired - Lifetime US3871287A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1873171A CH526749A (de) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Verbrennungsrost, insbesondere zur Verbrennung von Müll

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US3871287A true US3871287A (en) 1975-03-18

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US314915A Expired - Lifetime US3871287A (en) 1971-12-22 1972-12-14 Combustion grate structure

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US (1) US3871287A (el)
JP (1) JPS4870380A (el)
AT (1) AT329171B (el)
CH (1) CH526749A (el)
DE (1) DE2252580A1 (el)
FR (1) FR2165619A5 (el)
GB (1) GB1412609A (el)
IT (1) IT970963B (el)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961588A (en) * 1974-07-06 1976-06-08 Claudius Peters Ag Thrust grate with a series of overlapping rows of plates
US4337857A (en) * 1976-02-06 1982-07-06 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Stepped grate-type cooler for hot particles
US4450952A (en) * 1980-12-24 1984-05-29 Widmer & Ernst Ag Fire grate for a combustion furnace
US5377663A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-01-03 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Grate combustion system
US5394806A (en) * 1993-07-12 1995-03-07 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Ram feeder carriage system
US5528992A (en) * 1993-06-07 1996-06-25 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Reciprocating combustion grate guide system
DE29809059U1 (de) 1998-05-19 1999-02-04 Stadick, Robert, 85599 Parsdorf Rost für Brennstoffkessel
WO2002035149A1 (de) * 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Von Roll Umweltechnik Ag Rostwanne als teil eines rostes für eine anlage zur thermischen behandlung von abfall
CN104328246A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-02-04 无锡市晶瑜冶金机械有限公司 易调节的步进炉升降油缸斜轨装配
CN104388633A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-03-04 无锡市晶瑜冶金机械有限公司 步进炉中的升降油缸斜轨装配

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5624821Y2 (el) * 1975-11-07 1981-06-11
JPS5353877U (el) * 1976-10-08 1978-05-09
CH622084A5 (el) * 1977-07-14 1981-03-13 Schenck Ag Carl
JPS5818026Y2 (ja) * 1977-09-29 1983-04-12 日立造船株式会社 未燃物落下防止火格子
GB2120764B (en) * 1982-05-13 1985-08-14 Voelund Miljoeteknik A stepped grate for an incinerator plant
DE3330636C1 (de) * 1983-08-24 1985-01-10 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik, 8000 München Rostbelag fuer mechanisch bewegte stufenfoermige Feuerungsroste von Grossfeuerungen
JPH037698Y2 (el) * 1986-03-12 1991-02-26
GB8620015D0 (en) * 1986-08-16 1986-09-24 Combserve Combustion Services Combustion apparatus
CN107388257B (zh) * 2017-08-09 2023-10-24 上海市环境工程设计科学研究院有限公司 垃圾焚烧炉用高压损炉排片结构装置
FR3084444B1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-06-26 Europeenne De Services Techniques Pour L'incineration Procede de midification d'une grille de four d'incineration, elements support de sommier et four d'incineration

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3212465A (en) * 1960-09-14 1965-10-19 Jr Henry J Cates Incinerator
US3651770A (en) * 1970-04-23 1972-03-28 Von Roll Ag Mechanical grate for incinerators

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3212465A (en) * 1960-09-14 1965-10-19 Jr Henry J Cates Incinerator
US3651770A (en) * 1970-04-23 1972-03-28 Von Roll Ag Mechanical grate for incinerators

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961588A (en) * 1974-07-06 1976-06-08 Claudius Peters Ag Thrust grate with a series of overlapping rows of plates
US4337857A (en) * 1976-02-06 1982-07-06 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Stepped grate-type cooler for hot particles
US4450952A (en) * 1980-12-24 1984-05-29 Widmer & Ernst Ag Fire grate for a combustion furnace
US5377663A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-01-03 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Grate combustion system
US5528992A (en) * 1993-06-07 1996-06-25 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Reciprocating combustion grate guide system
US5394806A (en) * 1993-07-12 1995-03-07 Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. Ram feeder carriage system
DE29809059U1 (de) 1998-05-19 1999-02-04 Stadick, Robert, 85599 Parsdorf Rost für Brennstoffkessel
WO2002035149A1 (de) * 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Von Roll Umweltechnik Ag Rostwanne als teil eines rostes für eine anlage zur thermischen behandlung von abfall
US6425336B1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-07-30 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Grate trough as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste
CH695705A5 (de) * 2000-10-25 2006-07-31 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Rostwanne als Teil eines Rostes für eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfall.
CN104328246A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-02-04 无锡市晶瑜冶金机械有限公司 易调节的步进炉升降油缸斜轨装配
CN104388633A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-03-04 无锡市晶瑜冶金机械有限公司 步进炉中的升降油缸斜轨装配

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT970963B (it) 1974-04-20
FR2165619A5 (el) 1973-08-03
AT329171B (de) 1976-04-26
GB1412609A (en) 1975-11-05
JPS4870380A (el) 1973-09-22
CH526749A (de) 1972-08-15
DE2252580A1 (de) 1973-06-28
ATA927272A (de) 1975-07-15

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