US3869350A - Process for a thermal pretreatment of coking bituminous coal - Google Patents

Process for a thermal pretreatment of coking bituminous coal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3869350A
US3869350A US259957A US25995772A US3869350A US 3869350 A US3869350 A US 3869350A US 259957 A US259957 A US 259957A US 25995772 A US25995772 A US 25995772A US 3869350 A US3869350 A US 3869350A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas stream
heating gas
coal
tubular member
process according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US259957A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter Goossens
Wolfgang Hermann
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ESCHWEILER BERGWERKSVEREIN
ESCHWEILER BERGWERKS-VEREIN AG
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ESCHWEILER BERGWERKSVEREIN
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Priority claimed from DE19712128949 external-priority patent/DE2128949C/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof

Definitions

  • UNITED STATES PATENTS between the ends of the tubular member for supplying 1,781,614 11/1930 Trent 201/31 additional granular material into the tubular member.
  • 2,658,862 ll/1953 Homer 201/31 2,998,354 8/1961 Brown a a].
  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for a thermal pretreatment of coking or baking bituminous coal having a swelling index smaller than five. The treatment is accomplished in a hot gas stream or current-and the treatment prepares the bituminous coal for the subsequent hot briquetting.
  • bituminous coal having a swelling index smaller than five
  • a thermal pretreatment which assures that a certain consistency and type of the granular spectrum of the inert bituminous coal components is maintained intact during the main thermal treatment.
  • inert components are the components which will not soften.
  • the prior art has developed a number of processes for thermally treating fuels or combustible materials in dust or granular form in order to degas these materials.
  • These prior art processes are too involved and too expensive for the pretreatment intended by the invention because due to the type of transport of the materials to be treated, as well as due to the manner of supplying heat to the materials to be treated, it is necessary to assure that the material to be treated has a grain size which falls into a very narrow range. Meeting this grain size requirement is necessary in the prior art in order to avoid that the coking or baking of the bituminous coal which occurs during its heating, does not continuously clog the equipment used.
  • it was the general understanding that a starting material meeting a narrow grain size range is a good condition for the quality of the final product. Therefore, the involved and expensive pretreatment steps prior to the actual thermal treatment of the coal; namely, the drying, the milling, and the careful sifting have been accepted as unavoidable necessities in prior art degassing.
  • expanding coal prepared to have a fine grain size may be degassed and converted into fine coke or breeze in a so called whirlpool or whirling bed by means of a hot gas stream.
  • a portion of the produced breeze is supplied in batches to the whirling bed or chamber as an additional heat carrier.
  • the supply of these additional batches is accomplished in such a manner that upon the addition of fine grained coal which has not yet been thermically treated the temperature of the mixture is abruptly reduced to about 420C.
  • the temperature of the mixture comprising breeze and finely grained expanding coal is uniformly raised again to a degassing temperature of about 550 C, whereby the heat-up speed is about 5 to C per minute.
  • This heat-up process of the coking coal is required to be uniform and slow in order to transform the coking coal into a breeze having a solid structure.
  • the disadvantages of the just described method are seen in that a turnover of large quantities of breeze is required, that due to the use of granular coke or breeze the equipment following the actual coking step is subjected to a quick wear and tear, that the briquetting rollers are also subject to a large wear and tear due to the brittleness of the material and in that the breeze must necessarily be supplied in hot quantities because it is used as a heat carrier.
  • Another prior art method for transforming coking bituminous coal into cinder dust or breeze employs several Whirlpools or whirling beds arranged in series in order to form a reactor.
  • the heat quantity necessary for the degassification is supplied through hot combustion gases as well as by a partial combustion of the breeze being produced and by the combustion of the pyrolitic products resulting from the practice of this process.
  • This prior art method contrary to the above described method, provides the possibility of continuously feeding the raw materials into the reactor and continuously withdrawing the breeze.
  • Another prior art process for producing cinder dust or breeze employs a vertically arranged system of tubes for the reactor.
  • the finely granulated, swelling or expanding coal is transported through the reactor by means of a gas stream which simultaneously preoxidizes and degasses the coal.
  • the carrier gas stream used in this prior art process is an oxygen enriched air stream.
  • This system comprises two stages. The first stage serves for the above mentioned preoxidation of the coal, whereas the following second stage serves for the degassing of the coal dust of produce the breeze.
  • the raw material is maintained in suspension in the first stage where it is heated in about 0.5 seconds to 430 C, and maintained at that temperature level for about 1 to 3 seconds. Thereafter, the raw material is heated in the second stage for about 1 second to 530 to 560 C.
  • the finely granulated swelling coal is provided with a clearly brownish outer oxidation layer due to the increased oxygen content and the respective residence time.
  • This oxidation layer has a penetration depth of about 1p
  • the oxidation layer is supposed to prevent during the subsequent degassing of the preoxidized coal into breeze that the coal itself will still be caking whereby the equipment would be clogged.
  • the raw material may have any grain size up to about l4,000p.
  • a pretreatment process for bituminous baking or coking coal having a swelling index smaller than five to make such coal ready for the subsequent hot briquetting whereby the pretreatment employs a hot gas stream for heating the raw material having a substantially unsifted grain size of up to about 14,000u, to an end temperature of about 400 C with a mean heating-up speed of about l,000 C per second whereby the pretreated material comprises proportions of semi-coke, proportions of expanded perforated grains, and proportions of well preserved granules having degassing pores.
  • the raw material will be transported through the pretreatment operation in a substantially horizontal path.
  • Advancing the mixture of coal and gas through a horizontal pretreatment path as taught by the invention has the advantage that a predrying step as well as a milling step and also a sifting step have been obviated.
  • Using a wide range of granular sizes up to 14,000 1. provides the additional advantage that the pretreated material is transformed so that it comprises three distinctly different components which are essential for the subsequent main thermal "treatment.
  • Another advantage of the invention has been shown in tests according to which the horizontal guiding of the hot gas stream makes it possible to load the gas stream with to 14 kgs. of material per standard cubic meter of gas, whereby the throughput capacity has been substantially increased for the same gas volume as compared to the known methods.
  • the desirable three distinct components of the goods after pretreatment may be achievedin an especially advantageous manner according to the invention by feeding the material to be treated into thehorizontal path at several positions located at spaced intervals downstream of a main feed-in position. In this manner it is possible to control and vary the residence time of the various material batches in the gas stream. In this connection it has been found that the temperature drop in the gas stream at the additional feed-in positions does 7 not impair in any manner the intended quality of the material which is treated for a maximum residence time of about 0.3 seconds.
  • the apparatus according to the invention comprises a preferably horizontally arranged tubular member to which are supplied in a coaxial direction the heating gases which act as heat-up means as well as a carrier medium for the raw coal.
  • the tubular member is provided with a plurality of infeed means spaced from each other along the tubular member downstream of the infeed end of the tubular member.
  • a solidsgas separator is connected to the outlet end of the tubular member.
  • an intermediate piece is provided according to the invention between the tubular member and the solids-gas separator.
  • the intermediate member is cooled by water jets spraying in a direction extending substantially perpendicularly to the flow direction of the material through the tubular member and through the intermediate piece.
  • FIGURE DESCRIPTION In order that the invention may be clearly understood, it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein the single FIGURE illustrates in a somewhat schematic manner an apparatus which is used in performing the present pretreatment process.
  • a portion of the coal is supplied through the conduit 2 into a combustion chamber 3 which is also supplied with hot heating gases as well as with air.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the inlet end of a tubular member 4 which is preferably arranged in a substantially horibular member 4 is arranged along its length down- I stream of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the further inlet 6 is connected to the supply bin 1 by means of a conduit 5.
  • a portion of the coal is supplied through this conduit 5 to the inlet 6.
  • the gas stream is controlled to provide a maximum residence time of about 0.3 seconds where after the stream comprising a mixture of coal and gas leaves the tubular member 4 and enters through an intermediate pipe 7 into a solid-gas separator 8. Laterally adjacent to the pipe 7 there are arranged cooling water jets 9 which direct cooling water substantially perpendicularly relative to the flow direction of the coal gas mixture.
  • the granular material is separated from the gas stream.
  • the gas stream is exhausted through an exhaust gas conduit and the particles are conveyed through a conduit 11 into a storage bin 12.
  • the outlet conduit ll is also cooled by means of cooling waterjets arranged to spray the water jets substantially perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal extension of the outlet conduit 11.
  • the material treated in the just described apparatus has within its structure material which is similar to coke as well as expanded and perforated grains or granules. Further, the material treated according to the invention comprises well preserved granules having degassing pores. The material will be taken in appropriate quantities or dosages from the storage bin 12 for the main thermal treatment.
  • the intermediate three phase product according 'to the invention has the advantage that it requires only a partial additional degassing in the following thermal main treatment whereby it is further thermally comminuted.
  • comminution contrary to prior art methods, does not result in a material having a homogeneous phase.
  • the semi-coke that is, the material having characteristics similar to that of coke constitutes in the following hot briquetting process the frame for the briquettes whereas the perforated grains will be melted by the rather viscous bituminous mass of the softening bituminous coal which is later added. lnspite of this melting,
  • the perforated grain retains the advantage which in a thermotechnical sense could be referred to as breezing whereas the material component which has coke similar characteristics remains in a thermotechnical sense in an inert state.
  • the well preserved grains or granules constitute an additional required supporting element for the briquette.
  • Such supporting element enters into an intimate bond with the binder components during the actual pressing step due to its remaining shrinking capability.
  • the present invention has shown, contrary to the conventional assumption that a starting material of a uniform structural composition and having a normal grain size distribution is advantageous for the hot briquetting, that it is possible to produce a briquette having a suitable appearance and mechanical strength from a baking component and the three phases of a material pretreated according to the method of the invention.
  • a process for thermally preparing, in a heating gas stream, coking bituminous coal having a swelling index smaller than five, for the subsequent hot briquetting comprising providing a horizontally flowing heating gas stream, supplying the bituminous coal as raw material having a substantially unsifted grain size of up to 14,000u into said heating gas stream, assuring an average heat-up speed of about l,0O0 C per second to bring the material to an average end temperature of about 400 C at the most by exposing different portions of the raw material to the heating gas stream for different lengths of time by supplying the different material portions to the heating gas stream at different locations downstream of a first feed in location, and upon reaching said end temperature, suddenly cooling the material by means of cooling water, whereby predrying and milling of the raw material have been obviated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US259957A 1971-06-11 1972-06-05 Process for a thermal pretreatment of coking bituminous coal Expired - Lifetime US3869350A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712128949 DE2128949C (de) 1971-06-11 Thermisches Vorbehandlungsverfahren zur Heißbnkettierung backender Stein kohlen

Publications (1)

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US3869350A true US3869350A (en) 1975-03-04

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US (1) US3869350A (it)
AU (1) AU463534B2 (it)
BE (1) BE784501A (it)
CA (1) CA954063A (it)
DE (1) DE2128949B1 (it)
FR (1) FR2140629B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1379980A (it)
IT (1) IT956960B (it)
NL (1) NL7207952A (it)
PL (1) PL79500B1 (it)
RO (1) RO77799A (it)
SU (1) SU712028A3 (it)
ZA (1) ZA723812B (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4208251A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-06-17 Rasmussen Ross H Process and apparatus for producing nonaqueous coke slurry and pipeline transport thereof
WO1990010052A1 (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-07 Coalcorp Inc. A new briquette product and process
US5525196A (en) * 1991-10-21 1996-06-11 Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. Process for producing formed activated coke
US5897674A (en) * 1995-12-29 1999-04-27 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing coal agglomerates for use in direct iron smelting reducing furnace
US20080134572A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Bao Tai Cui Method for Making a Combustible Fuel Composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2161696A (en) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-22 John Davies Protective safety helmet

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1781614A (en) * 1925-12-21 1930-11-11 Trent Process Corp Process for distilling coals
US2658862A (en) * 1950-06-09 1953-11-10 Reilly Tar & Chem Corp Process for the defluidization and fixed-bed coking of a preheated fluidized coal
US2998354A (en) * 1960-02-04 1961-08-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transfer line heater in calcining fluid coke
US3175888A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-03-30 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for producing low structure carbon black
US3424556A (en) * 1966-07-27 1969-01-28 Us Interior Production of carbon black from coal
US3499834A (en) * 1967-02-16 1970-03-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Retorting of hydrocarbonaceous solids
US3736233A (en) * 1970-07-23 1973-05-29 Occidental Petroleum Corp Process of pyrolyzing and desulfurizing sulfur bearing agglomerative bituminous coal

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1781614A (en) * 1925-12-21 1930-11-11 Trent Process Corp Process for distilling coals
US2658862A (en) * 1950-06-09 1953-11-10 Reilly Tar & Chem Corp Process for the defluidization and fixed-bed coking of a preheated fluidized coal
US2998354A (en) * 1960-02-04 1961-08-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transfer line heater in calcining fluid coke
US3175888A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-03-30 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for producing low structure carbon black
US3424556A (en) * 1966-07-27 1969-01-28 Us Interior Production of carbon black from coal
US3499834A (en) * 1967-02-16 1970-03-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Retorting of hydrocarbonaceous solids
US3736233A (en) * 1970-07-23 1973-05-29 Occidental Petroleum Corp Process of pyrolyzing and desulfurizing sulfur bearing agglomerative bituminous coal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4208251A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-06-17 Rasmussen Ross H Process and apparatus for producing nonaqueous coke slurry and pipeline transport thereof
WO1990010052A1 (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-07 Coalcorp Inc. A new briquette product and process
US5525196A (en) * 1991-10-21 1996-06-11 Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. Process for producing formed activated coke
US5897674A (en) * 1995-12-29 1999-04-27 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing coal agglomerates for use in direct iron smelting reducing furnace
US20080134572A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Bao Tai Cui Method for Making a Combustible Fuel Composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA723812B (en) 1973-03-28
SU712028A3 (ru) 1980-01-25
CA954063A (en) 1974-09-03
RO77799A (ro) 1981-11-24
DE2128949B1 (de) 1972-12-28
IT956960B (it) 1973-10-10
PL79500B1 (it) 1975-06-30
AU4284772A (en) 1973-12-06
AU463534B2 (en) 1975-07-31
FR2140629A1 (it) 1973-01-19
BE784501A (fr) 1972-10-02
GB1379980A (en) 1975-01-08
FR2140629B1 (it) 1977-12-23
NL7207952A (it) 1972-12-13

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