WO1990010052A1 - A new briquette product and process - Google Patents
A new briquette product and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990010052A1 WO1990010052A1 PCT/CA1990/000056 CA9000056W WO9010052A1 WO 1990010052 A1 WO1990010052 A1 WO 1990010052A1 CA 9000056 W CA9000056 W CA 9000056W WO 9010052 A1 WO9010052 A1 WO 9010052A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- set forth
- gas
- feed material
- feed
- coal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/08—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting without the aid of extraneous binders
Definitions
- This invention is directed to the briquetting of coal fines, and in particular to a process and apparatus for ef ⁇ fecting the briquetting, and to the product thus produced.
- the system further comprises the steps of passing the feed material rapidly through a flash type dryer/heater, system which utilizes high velocity, high temperature reducing gases.
- the system further includes passing the hot exhaust gases from the dryer through an air-air heat exchange mechanism for pre-heating of the ambient temperature combustion air which is supplied to the heat generating source.
- the system further includes the step of crushing and re ⁇ cycling limited amounts of material prepared by the process to enhance the agglomaration characteristics of the material in the compression step.
- the invention further provides the step of exchanging heat between hot, formed material and incoming particulate feed material at a lower temperature, by direct heat exchange therebetween.
- the system includes steps for the start up and operation of the dryer/heater system under a fuel-rich condition, to provide a reducing atmosphere and raising the ambient pressure within the dryer/heater to above atmospheric pressure to pre ⁇ clude the ingress of air thereto.
- An apparatus for carrying out the process, having a flash dryer, with burner means operable in a fuel rich condition to provide a reducing atmosphere therein, and blower means to raise the pressure of the reducing " atmosphere above barometric, to preclude the ingress of air thereto.
- the flash dryer has a hot gas mixing chamber surmounted by an upwardly extending heat tube; blower means located in gas circulating and compressing rela ⁇ tion therewith; and gas recirculation means for recirculating a predetermined portion of exhaust gas to the hot mixing cham ⁇ ber; separation means for separating solids from hot exhaust gas; press means for pressing the separated solids into a pre-
- Operation of the present process under the conditions referred to below will generally provide a consolidated coal briquette having a hardened case of relatively low porosity. Pressing in a desired temperature and pressure range promotes plastic flow, to improve the briquette thus formed, in streng ⁇ th and handling characteristics.
- the temperature of the feed stock is raised to a degree sufficient to cause a substantially complete extent of plastic flow in the briquette during high pressure forming thereof to achieve optimum strength and handleability, after being cooled.
- the actual values of strength have been observed to further in ⁇ crease after a period of curing, in a cool state, presumably as a result of chemical phenomena induced in the product as a consequence of the process.
- the actual strength and handleability achieved may be determined by drop tests and crushing load tests. Typical such tests may be a free drop test of individual briquettes from a height of fifteen to twenty feet, onto a plain concrete surface; and a crushing dead load test, using a rigid loading plate of a predetermined size. Crushing strengths as high as 120 to 130 pounds per square inch are generally desirable, with resistance to substantial fragmentation on the drop test.
- the briquettes formed in accordance with the present in ⁇ vention preferably contains a total moisture content substan ⁇ tially equal to or less than the inherent moisture content of the parent feed material. It will be understood that inherent moisture content of parent feed material denotes the drying
- bituminous coal fines in addition to established use with bituminous coal fines the presently disclosed process and plant, or modifications thereof, are suitable for use in bri ⁇ quetting of low rank sub-bituminous coals, to provide briquet ⁇ tes of enhanced characteristics, vis a vis those of the parent material; ie. reduced moisture content, higher calorific value, reduced propensity for auto-ignition, and improved handleability.
- feed materials of these higher rank coals may not respond as favorably as do the lower bitu ⁇ minous coals to the process herein described.
- UBSTITUTE SHEET obtained by making use of portions only of the total process, wherein the total process as disclosed is not fully utilized.
- use of a controlled oxygen, gas recirculation, fully pressurized flash dryer in the drying and/or heating or cer ⁇ tain types of coal may be novel, per se, as is also the use of direct heat exchange between the hot and freshly formed coal product and the ambient temperature wet feed stock, for the combined purpose of cooling the product and pre-heating the feed stock by means of direct heat transfer therebetween.
- Tests carried out in a pilot plant produced briquettes of gen ⁇ erally ovoid section, both lateral and longitudinal, sized about one by threequarters by one half inches.
- the present invention makes readily possible the inclu ⁇ sion of crushed limestone or other calcitic/dolomitic divalent base earth materials, for purposes of capturing as sulphates a portion of the sulphur dioxide emissions that are produced when the fuel is burned, and so reduce sulphur dioxide emissions.
- the addition of up to about five percent by weight of such divalent base earth materials, on a calcium equivalent basis is contemplated.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a briquetting appa ⁇ ratus in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of the process of this inven ⁇ tion.
- Figure 3 comprises views of typical briquettes, including sections of briquettes showing typical levels of progressive formation.
- the briquetting apparatus 10 com ⁇ prises a hot gas generator 12 having a burner 14 and a combus ⁇ tion chamber 16.
- the burner 14 has a combustion air blower 18, with controllable inlet damper means 20, a discharge flow regulating damper 22, and discharge flow measuring means 24 by which the volume and pressure of air delivered to burner 14 can be monitored and controlled.
- a recycle blower 26 is connected at port 28 to hot gas chamber 17, having flow volume and pressure measuring means 29 by which to monitor the recycle gas flow, and pressure con ⁇ trollable damper means 22 and discharge flow regulating means 22 in the respective inlet and outlet of blower 26 also are provided to facilitate control of the volume and pressure of recycle gas delivered by recycle blower 26 into port 28.
- a flash-dryer evaporator tube 30 extends upwardly from the mixing chamber 17, having a tee piece 32 at the lower end thereof connected to a stock feed auger 34 and feed surge hop ⁇ per 36.
- tube 30 connects with a cyclone separa ⁇ tor 38, by way of a tube 40.
- the separator 38 has a rotary air lock 42 at the bottom outlet thereof, for the passage of dried feed stock and a small quantity of transport gas sufficient to maintain inert the heated dry coal to conveyor 44, which connects by way of a feed pre-densification auger 45 with a twin roll briquetting press 46, preferably of the high pressure type as manufactured by K.R. Komarek, Inc. of Elk Grove, Illinois, U.S.A.
- a feed overflow by-pass auger 48 connects the conduit 44 with a combined feed transport/pre-heating and hot briquette cooling auger-type feed conveyor 50.
- the briquette press delivery outlet 56 connects with the feed conveyor 50, which receives the hot briquettes.
- a briquette recycle hopper 60 receives a portion of the briquettes for crushing and return by way of an auger 62 and briquette crusher 64, to the feed conveyor 50.
- a screen-type separator 66 at the discharge end of feed conveyor 50 receives pre-heated green feed from stock feed hopper 52; together with bypass feed from bypass 48, hot bri ⁇ quettes and excess feed stock from the briquetting press 46, and crushed briquettes from the crusher 64.
- This separator 66 separates the partially cooled briquettes to delivery chute 70 and the remaining preheated, fine sized con ⁇ tents of conveyor 50 to a transfer conveyor 72, which feeds surge hopper 36.
- a portion of the thus delivered briquettes are returned to briquette recycle hopper 60, and thence to the crusher 64, for crushing and recycling.
- Distribution of the cyclone exhaust gas between the off- gas stack 74 and gas recirculation tube 76 is effected by damper means 78 which is installed in off-gas stack 74 down ⁇ stream of tee-piece 77.
- a temperature control sub-system 80 comprises a cooling water injector 82 located in evaporator tube 30.
- Water supply pipe 84 connects with variable flow control valve 86 which is connected with a water supply.
- a water supply pump 88 is il ⁇ lustrated, being fed from a supply (not shown) .
- a temperature sensor 90 in the tube 40 is connected in controlling relation with controller 92, which has a setpoint control 94.
- the control output 96 connects with the water flow control valve 86 and the water supply pump 88, in flow controlling relation therewith.
- wet stock is fed to hopper 52.
- Stock feed auger 54 deposits the wet stock into the con ⁇ veyor 50, which in the pilot plant also comprises an auger conveyor.
- the conveyor 50 also receives from bypass auger 48 an overflow of dried stock feed that is excess to the feed re-
- the conveyor 50 being of auger type, serves to mix the respective deposits of hot briquettes, by-passed hot dried stock feed, and cool feed materials, so that beneficial heat exchange takes place.
- the mixture of wet feed, dry particulates, hot briquettes and crushed briquettes is intermixed and delivered by conveyor 50 to the screen of separator 66.
- the briquettes are cooled to below auto-igni ⁇ tion temperature by means of direct heat transfer with the balance of the conveyor contents, the latter thus being pre ⁇ heated prior to introduction into the dryer/heater means as noted below.
- the bri ⁇ quettes are delivered by chute 70 for storage.
- the pre-heated "through" material from screen 66 which constitutes the bal- ance of the material delivered by auger 50 is returned by transfer conveyor 72 to the surge feed hopper 36.
- Stock feed auger 34 feeds the partially dried and heated stock from surge hopper 36 to the feed tee piece 32, near the bottom of the evaporator tube 30.
- High velocity hot gases from mixing chamber 17 entrain the feed particles and move them rapidly up the tube 30, and by way of tube 40 to the separator cyclone 38, where the gases and the then heated and dried particles are separated.
- the dried, hot particles pass downwardly through air lock 42, below which a recycle portion of the solids stream is captured by by-pass auger 48, and transferred to conveyor 50, as referred to, above.
- the auger 44 conveys a sufficient amount of the hot dried feed to assure that pre- densification auger 45 runs full, and the capacity of press 46 also is filled.
- the hot combustion gases thus obtained contain trace quantities of carbon monoxide and is a so-called reducing gas having no excess air present to provide free oxygen or to sup ⁇ port combustion.
- Recirculated stack gas from the cyclone separator 38 which is recycled by way of pipe 76 and blower 26 also passes into mixing chamber 17.
- the recycle gas is of the same chemi ⁇ cal composition as the combustion gases evolved from combus ⁇ tion chamber 16 with respect to its free oxygen content, and therefor may also be considered as reducing (ie. non oxydiz- ing) gas.
- the recycle gas will contain a signifi ⁇ cantly higher concentration of water vapor, as steam, as a result of moisture evaporated in the flash dryer 30.
- the quantity of stack gas leaving the process per unit of time need be sufficient only to remove the moisture evolved in the drying of the wet feed stock, and the products of combus ⁇ tion produced by burner 14.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET which for many bituminous coals is usually in the range of 2% moisture by weight, or less.
- This efficiency may be further boosted by passing the exhausted stack gas in warming relation with the incoming and ambient temperature combination air which is supplied to the intake side of blower 18 before passing the exhaust gas by way of a filtration system (not shown) such as a bag house, and thence to atmosphere.
- the start up and operation of the system is materially facilitated by the water injection system 80, by means of which the temperature of the gas stream in evaporator tube 30 is controlled.
- the system can be started up under zero feed condition by circulating gas and operating the hot gas generator 12, until temperatures are stabilized under evapora ⁇ tive load condition which approximate processing conditions that normally prevail.
- the introduction of feed can then com ⁇ mence, and be progressively increased while correspondingly reducing the quantity of water supplied to tube 30 by injec ⁇ tion system 80, until full dry solids production is reached, all the while maintaining heat demand of the system substan ⁇ tially constant.
- the process according to the pre ⁇ sent invention has a number of aspects, such as coal handling, air handling, water coolant control, and heat exchange func ⁇ tions, which combine to form the process of the present inven ⁇ tion.
- the incoming wet feed stock enter the process at Block 100 (see "START") and is transferred to the auger conveyor 50
- TE SHEET (Block 102) where it mixes with bypassed excess dry feed (Block 104) , together with hot formed briquettes (from Block 106) and recycled crushed briquettes (from Block 108) , and effects heat exchange, to cool the briquettes (from Block 103) , and to partially dry and pre-heat the mixed wet feed stock.
- a selected quantity of briquettes is then separated, at Block 112, for recycling, passing to Block 108 for that pur ⁇ pose.
- the bulk of the briquettes pass as product, Block 113, to "FINISH" of the cycle.
- Flash drying and transfer Block 118, by way of tube 40 to cyclone separator 38, leads to separation of the dried par ⁇ ticulates from the hot gas, Block 120.
- a portion of the hot, dry particulates is precompacted, Block 122, and passes to the press for briquetting, Block 106.
- the preheated and compressed air passes to burner 14 and combustion chamber 16 for injection of fuel, Block 127, to generate reducing gas, referred to above, Block 128.
- Recycled bypass gas returned to compressor 26 is compressed, Block 130, and mixed with the newly generated reducing gas, in hot gas chamber 17, Block 132.
- tee piece 32 which may include a high velocity venturi nozzle (not shown) the mixed reducing gas mixes with the injected feed, Block 116, which it
- view 3/1 is a side elevation of a briquette 100
- view 3/2 is a plan view of the briquette 100
- 3/3 is an end section thereof.
- Section view 3/4 is that of a consolidated but non-fused briquette, wherein the temperature of the pre-compressed feed entering the press was insufficient to produce plastic flow, in response to the compressive forces applied by the press, thereby retaining distinct and clearly visible grain boundar ⁇ ies.
- Section 3/5 shows a partially fused briquette wherein fusion of the outer casing takes place, in response to the compressive force applied to the casing surface by the press, but the briquette material temperature is too low to fuse the internal grain boundaries in response to the compressive pres ⁇ sure applied.
- Section view 3/6 shows a fully fused briquette wherein full plastic flow has taken place; substantially homogeneous briquette formation is obtained. In this latter state maximum handleability, waterproofness and strength is achieved.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET smoothness and light reflectivity of the external surfaces of the whole briquettes, and of the internal surfaces of broken briquettes are indicative to a degree of the extent to which uniform plasticity has been achieved in the briquette forma ⁇ tion process.
- the briquette strength is observed to further increase as a probable conse ⁇ quence of a secondary phenomenon resulting from the process.
- the extent of recirculation of crushed briquettes is based upon the satisfactory handling of the feed and also the performance of the pre-densification and pressing steps of the process, in which the particulate material of the crushed bri ⁇ quettes plays a significant role.
- Kj/Kg represents Kilo-joules per kilogram
- Kg/mmKg represents Kilograms per million Kilojoules “UM” (Micro meters or Microns) represents 10-6metres [a 1/10 ⁇ 6 metres]
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET perature window of about 175 degrees to 200 degrees C. exists where briquettes were fairly consistently produced, wherein plastic flow occurred, initially on the skin and progressively inwardly at the higher temperatures, and wherein the granu ⁇ larity associated with the parent feed material progressively vanishes and homogenaiety is achieved. This leads to strong ⁇ er, more water resistant briquettes. However, briquettes have been formed at temperatures of about 75°C, wherein, while plastic flow did not occur, handleable briquettes of somewhat reduced strength characteristics have been obtained. It will be understood that below the idealized temperature range of 175 to 200°C there is an extended range of usefulness of the present process, down to temperatures in the order of about 75°C.
- This process is suitable for the briquetting of coal, in particular coal fines, which facilitates their handling, storage and permits their use as a fuel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31677989A | 1989-02-28 | 1989-02-28 | |
US316,779 | 1989-02-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990010052A1 true WO1990010052A1 (en) | 1990-09-07 |
Family
ID=23230653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA1990/000056 WO1990010052A1 (en) | 1989-02-28 | 1990-02-20 | A new briquette product and process |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0416058A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU636600B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2028101C (en) |
HU (1) | HUT62644A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990010052A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7892302B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2011-02-22 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Briquetting process |
WO2011026642A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg | Method and system for producing pellets from biomass in a pellet press for use as fuel in fireplaces |
WO2012028273A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Loesche Gmbh | Method and system for milling coal in inert operation or in non-inert operation |
CN103216841A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 国家电网公司 | Size grading pulverized coal preparation system |
KR101717540B1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2017-03-17 | 주식회사 삼정기계 | System for manufacturing briquettes |
RU2639707C1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-12-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ (ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ) | Complex of equipment for production of fuel and fodder briquettes and granules |
EP3505605A4 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2020-04-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Solid fuel production method |
US11414612B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2022-08-16 | Teck Coal Limited | Process for coal fine aggregation |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2937080A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1960-05-17 | Komarek Greaves And Company | Process of making binderless briquettes |
FR2108288A5 (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1972-05-19 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | |
US3869350A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1975-03-04 | Eschweiler Bergwerksverein | Process for a thermal pretreatment of coking bituminous coal |
US4158550A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-06-19 | Firma Carl Still | Apparatus for producing blast furnace coal |
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 CA CA 2028101 patent/CA2028101C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-20 EP EP19900903737 patent/EP0416058A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-02-20 WO PCT/CA1990/000056 patent/WO1990010052A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-02-20 HU HU219990A patent/HUT62644A/en unknown
- 1990-02-20 AU AU51693/90A patent/AU636600B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2937080A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1960-05-17 | Komarek Greaves And Company | Process of making binderless briquettes |
FR2108288A5 (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1972-05-19 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | |
US3869350A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1975-03-04 | Eschweiler Bergwerksverein | Process for a thermal pretreatment of coking bituminous coal |
US4158550A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-06-19 | Firma Carl Still | Apparatus for producing blast furnace coal |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Journal of the Institute of Fuel, September 1960, H.R. GREGORY: "A New Process for Briquetting Coal without a Binder", pages 447-456 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7892302B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2011-02-22 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Briquetting process |
US8070839B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2011-12-06 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Briquetting process |
USRE46052E1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2016-07-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Briquetting process |
WO2011026642A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg | Method and system for producing pellets from biomass in a pellet press for use as fuel in fireplaces |
EA020075B1 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2014-08-29 | Лёше Гмбх | Method and installation for coal grinding in inert operation and in non-inert operation |
DE102010036176A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Loesche Gmbh | Method and plant for coal grinding in inert or non-inert operation |
WO2012028273A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Loesche Gmbh | Method and system for milling coal in inert operation or in non-inert operation |
CN103216841A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 国家电网公司 | Size grading pulverized coal preparation system |
CN103216841B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-03-09 | 国家电网公司 | Grading coal dust preparation system |
KR101717540B1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2017-03-17 | 주식회사 삼정기계 | System for manufacturing briquettes |
EP3505605A4 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2020-04-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Solid fuel production method |
RU2639707C1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-12-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ (ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ) | Complex of equipment for production of fuel and fodder briquettes and granules |
US11414612B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2022-08-16 | Teck Coal Limited | Process for coal fine aggregation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUT62644A (en) | 1993-05-28 |
CA2028101C (en) | 1994-06-14 |
AU636600B2 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
CA2028101A1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
EP0416058A1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
HU902199D0 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
AU5169390A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
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