US3866373A - Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres - Google Patents

Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866373A
US3866373A US269337A US26933772A US3866373A US 3866373 A US3866373 A US 3866373A US 269337 A US269337 A US 269337A US 26933772 A US26933772 A US 26933772A US 3866373 A US3866373 A US 3866373A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percent
glass
pultruded
window sash
spheres
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Expired - Lifetime
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US269337A
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English (en)
Inventor
John S Hudock
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US269337A priority Critical patent/US3866373A/en
Priority to JP48074917A priority patent/JPS4958167A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3866373A publication Critical patent/US3866373A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/06—Single frames
    • E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
    • E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
    • E06B3/22—Hollow frames

Definitions

  • the die is heated so that the resin is cured in the die and the shape is solid when it emerges from the die.
  • the resin is thermoplastic the bath is heated to melt the, resin in it and the die is cooled so that the shape is solid when it emerges from the die.
  • Pultrusion offers the advantages of producing endless shapes of great flexural strength quickly and inexpensively since dies can be machined fairly easily. However, in spite of these desirable properties efforts to make pultruded window sashes have not produced satisfactory results in that the sashes frequently sweat (i.e., water vapor condenses on them), even when the glass pane does not sweat.
  • the sash 1 has two arms 2 and 3 which clasp an insulating window glass 4, which is formed from two sheets of glass 5 and 6 fused together at 7 and having air space 8 inbetween. Putty 9 seals the glass 4 to the sash.
  • the sash has a cavity 10 to reduce weight and increase the insulating properties of the sash. Below cavity 10 are two extensions 11 and 12 which hold a sealing strip 13, usually of vinyl. A leg 14 hides the strip and acts as an additional seal.
  • window sash is the preferred shape since it makes the best use of the properties of the shapes of this invention, other shapes including bars, rods, tubes, etc. are also contemplated.
  • the resin composition includes any solventless resin, such as polyesters, epoxies, acrylics, acrylicepoxies, vinyls, etc.
  • Thermosetting resins are preferred as they have been found to work quite well, and of the thermosetting resins polyester resins are preferred as they are least expensive.
  • a catalyst must be included, as is well known, to initiate the cure.
  • the catalyst is typically about to about 2 percent (based on the resin) but amounts vary with the particular catalyst and resin used.
  • Preferably included in the composition is about I to about 5 percent (based on the resin all percentages herein are by weight) of an internal mold release, such as zinc stearate, which migrates to the surface and prevents the shape from sticking to the die.
  • Optional ingredients include dyes, reactive diluents such as styrene, and free radical scavangers such as hydroquinone and its derivatives.
  • the glass must be roving or cloth in order to pull it through the die, but up to about 75 percent of the glass may be mat to strengthen the shape in the crossdirection and, if the mat is external, to provide a resinrich surface which increases the weatherability of the shape.
  • a typical bundle of glass roving may have about 8 to about 60 strands, each of which contains about 400 fibers about 0.00052 inches in diameter. Mixtures of roving and cloth may also be used, but roving is preferred to cloth for window sashes as it is easier to work with.
  • the hollow glass or ceramic spheres are typically about 10 to about 300p. m in diameter, and are preferably less than about 500p. m in diameter as larger sizes may collapse under the die pressure and make the surface of the shape rough. Mixtures of glass and ceramic spheres may also be used. Glass spheres are preferred because they are less expensive.
  • the pultruded shape contains about 30 to about 80 percent glass roving or cloth (a portion of which is replaced by the hollow glass or ceramic spheres) and about 20 to about percent solventless resin composition. If less than about 30 percent glass is used the shape is too weak and if more than percent glass is used the shape is too thermally conductive. The best combination of high flexural strength and low thermal conductivity is obtained at about 40 to about 65 percent glass and about 35 to about 60 percent resin composition.
  • Glass roving or cloth equal to about 1 to about 10 percent of the shape is replaced with sufficient hollow glass or ceramic spheres to occupy the same amount of space.
  • the space occupied by glass roving or cloth equal to about 3 to about 6 percent of the sash is replaced with hollow glass or ceramic spheres since at less than about 3 percent the effect on the thermal conductivity of the shape is significantly less and at more than 6 percent the spheres make the resin composition viscous and difficult to pultrude.
  • the hollow glass spheres used in these examples are sold by Emerson & Commings, Inc. under the trademark Eccospheres. They have a bulk density of 14 lbs/cu.ft. (0.22 gms/cc), a true particle density (liquid displacement of 20 lbs/cu.ft. (0.33 gms/cc.), a particle size of 10 to 250p m, and a wall thickness of 2p. m, a temperature capability of 900F, and a thermal conductivity of 0.45 Btu/hr/F/sq.ft./in.
  • the roving in experiments 1 and 2 was 52 bundles of 60 strands each and the roving in experiments 3 and 4 was 40 bundles of 60 strands each.
  • composition I (Control) 18 lbs polyester resin sold by Koppers Co. under the trademark Koplac 1000-25 25 lbs CaCO (thickener) 2.0 lbs TiO (whitener) 0.2 lbs benzoyl peroxide (catalyst) 0.8 lbs zinc stearate (mold release) 5.0 lbs styrene (reactive diluent)
  • Composition II 30 lbs Koplac 1000-25 polyester resin 0.2 lbs benzoyl peroxide 0.1 lbs mold release sold by DuPont Co.
  • a pultruded window sash according to claim 1 hollows spheres used substantially reduced the thermal wherein said mold release is zinc stearate.
  • the window sash of the drawing was made by pulling 48 bundles of 60 strands each of glass roving through Composition ll at 5 inches/min then through a die heated to 250F.
  • the resulting sash contained 50.8 percent roving, 44.7 percent resin composition, and 4.4 percent hollow glass spheres.
  • a pultruded window sash according to claim 1 including a sealing strip held between said two substantially parallel elongated extensions.
  • a pultruded window sash according to claim 1 including two sheets of glass fused together held between said two substantially parallel elongated arms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US269337A 1972-07-06 1972-07-06 Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres Expired - Lifetime US3866373A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US269337A US3866373A (en) 1972-07-06 1972-07-06 Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres
JP48074917A JPS4958167A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-07-06 1973-07-04

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US269337A US3866373A (en) 1972-07-06 1972-07-06 Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3866373A true US3866373A (en) 1975-02-18

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Family Applications (1)

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US269337A Expired - Lifetime US3866373A (en) 1972-07-06 1972-07-06 Pultruded shapes containing hollow glass or ceramic spheres

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US (1) US3866373A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS4958167A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4219230A (en) * 1976-12-10 1980-08-26 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle body construction
US4258520A (en) * 1978-10-06 1981-03-31 Mill-Craft Housing Corporation Multiple panel building closure
US4335548A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-06-22 Millcraft Housing Corp. Insulating skirt
EP0063234A1 (de) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-27 Schock & Co. GmbH Extrudierte Kunststoff-Hohlprofilleiste für Fensterrahmen, aus derartigen Profilleisten hergestellter Fensterrahmen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Fensterrahmens
US4745139A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-05-17 Pdi, Inc. Elastomeric coatings containing glass bubbles
US4856243A (en) * 1988-07-25 1989-08-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Assemblies for windows and doors
US5028357A (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-07-02 Ceramic Cooling Tower Company Lightweight cooling tower with cruciform columns
US5155961A (en) * 1989-08-14 1992-10-20 Amsted Industries Incorporated Lightweight cooling tower with cruciform columns
US5860264A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-01-19 The Stanley Works Gasketless aluminum frame for wardrobe doors
USD405197S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD405196S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD405195S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD412585S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-03 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD412995S (en) 1998-01-29 1999-08-17 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD413395S (en) 1998-01-29 1999-08-31 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
US6029411A (en) * 1992-03-12 2000-02-29 Anthony, Inc. Composite door and frame
US6065249A (en) * 1998-05-04 2000-05-23 The Stanley Works Panel door with large width gasketless frame
US6260255B1 (en) 1998-03-03 2001-07-17 Anthony, Inc. Method of assembling a display case door
US6311439B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-11-06 Thomas Arcati Window frame
US20030198780A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Campese John A. Resin formulation
US6637093B2 (en) 1998-03-03 2003-10-28 Anthony, Inc. Method of assembling a display case door
US20060096224A1 (en) * 2002-06-01 2006-05-11 Anthony Asbury Panel joining member
US20180031154A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Robert Jeffrey Kupferberg Compression seal groove connector
WO2021201815A1 (ru) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Леонид Александрович ЛАЗЕБНИКОВ Светопрозрачная ограждающая конструкция

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62109622A (ja) * 1986-10-24 1987-05-20 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 繊維強化プラスチツクの引抜成形方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825941A (en) * 1955-11-14 1958-03-11 James H Lux Inflatable closure sealing and retaining means
US3086898A (en) * 1959-09-24 1963-04-23 Standard Oil Co Light-weight structural unit
US3100917A (en) * 1961-05-09 1963-08-20 Robert C Wagner Plastic frame construction
US3316139A (en) * 1964-12-31 1967-04-25 Standard Oil Co Plastic structure containing fibrous layers and hollow glass spheres
US3321414A (en) * 1961-05-18 1967-05-23 Werner H Kreidl Cellular glass and method of making same
US3412185A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-11-19 Foster Grant Co Inc Method for expanding discreet articles of foamable polymeric material
US3427267A (en) * 1961-10-12 1969-02-11 Albert Ag Chem Werke Polyester resins from high molecular weight polyesters and process for preparing them
US3709773A (en) * 1969-06-17 1973-01-09 Liquid Nitrogen Processing Glass reinforced injection molding pellet

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825941A (en) * 1955-11-14 1958-03-11 James H Lux Inflatable closure sealing and retaining means
US3086898A (en) * 1959-09-24 1963-04-23 Standard Oil Co Light-weight structural unit
US3100917A (en) * 1961-05-09 1963-08-20 Robert C Wagner Plastic frame construction
US3321414A (en) * 1961-05-18 1967-05-23 Werner H Kreidl Cellular glass and method of making same
US3427267A (en) * 1961-10-12 1969-02-11 Albert Ag Chem Werke Polyester resins from high molecular weight polyesters and process for preparing them
US3412185A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-11-19 Foster Grant Co Inc Method for expanding discreet articles of foamable polymeric material
US3316139A (en) * 1964-12-31 1967-04-25 Standard Oil Co Plastic structure containing fibrous layers and hollow glass spheres
US3709773A (en) * 1969-06-17 1973-01-09 Liquid Nitrogen Processing Glass reinforced injection molding pellet

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4219230A (en) * 1976-12-10 1980-08-26 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle body construction
US4258520A (en) * 1978-10-06 1981-03-31 Mill-Craft Housing Corporation Multiple panel building closure
US4335548A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-06-22 Millcraft Housing Corp. Insulating skirt
EP0063234A1 (de) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-27 Schock & Co. GmbH Extrudierte Kunststoff-Hohlprofilleiste für Fensterrahmen, aus derartigen Profilleisten hergestellter Fensterrahmen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Fensterrahmens
US4745139A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-05-17 Pdi, Inc. Elastomeric coatings containing glass bubbles
US4856243A (en) * 1988-07-25 1989-08-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Assemblies for windows and doors
US5028357A (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-07-02 Ceramic Cooling Tower Company Lightweight cooling tower with cruciform columns
US5155961A (en) * 1989-08-14 1992-10-20 Amsted Industries Incorporated Lightweight cooling tower with cruciform columns
US6122869A (en) * 1992-03-12 2000-09-26 Anthony, Inc. Composite door and frame
US6029411A (en) * 1992-03-12 2000-02-29 Anthony, Inc. Composite door and frame
US5860264A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-01-19 The Stanley Works Gasketless aluminum frame for wardrobe doors
US6311439B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2001-11-06 Thomas Arcati Window frame
USD413395S (en) 1998-01-29 1999-08-31 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD405197S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD412585S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-03 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD405195S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD412995S (en) 1998-01-29 1999-08-17 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
USD405196S (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-02-02 Champion Aluminum Corporation Frame element extrusion
US6637093B2 (en) 1998-03-03 2003-10-28 Anthony, Inc. Method of assembling a display case door
US6260255B1 (en) 1998-03-03 2001-07-17 Anthony, Inc. Method of assembling a display case door
US6318027B1 (en) 1998-03-03 2001-11-20 New Anthony, Inc. Display case door
US6065249A (en) * 1998-05-04 2000-05-23 The Stanley Works Panel door with large width gasketless frame
US20030198780A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Campese John A. Resin formulation
US20060096224A1 (en) * 2002-06-01 2006-05-11 Anthony Asbury Panel joining member
US7802408B2 (en) * 2002-06-01 2010-09-28 Quentor Limited Panel joining member
US20180031154A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Robert Jeffrey Kupferberg Compression seal groove connector
US10422126B2 (en) * 2016-07-26 2019-09-24 Robert Jeffrey Kupferberg Compression seal groove connector
WO2021201815A1 (ru) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Леонид Александрович ЛАЗЕБНИКОВ Светопрозрачная ограждающая конструкция

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4958167A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-06-05

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