US3865634A - Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance - Google Patents
Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3865634A US3865634A US387946A US38794673A US3865634A US 3865634 A US3865634 A US 3865634A US 387946 A US387946 A US 387946A US 38794673 A US38794673 A US 38794673A US 3865634 A US3865634 A US 3865634A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- manganese
- metal
- chromium
- steam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/203—Tube furnaces chemical composition of the tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
- B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4075—Limiting deterioration of equipment
Definitions
- This invention relates to the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. More particularly, it relates to a technique for minimizing carburization of furnace tubes exposed to hydrocarbons under pyrolysis and reforming conditions.
- Processes for the controlled pyrolytic decomposition of hydrocarbons are well known.
- the hydro carbon is decomposed at high temperatures, for example in the range of l,700 to 2,000 F. under varying pressure conditions ranging from atmospheric up to about 1,200 psi.
- Such pyrolytic techniques are frequently used, for example, in producing ethylene.
- the hydrocarbons are cracked at elevated temperatures in the presence of predetermined amounts of steam.
- Pyrolytic techniques are also used for increasing the octane rating of gasoline.
- a method of heating hydrocarbon carbons in contact with metal surfaces under conditions which normally would cause difficulties due to carburization of the metal surfaces which comprises contacting the hydrocarbons of the metal surface containing adherent oxide layer of manganese and chromium, whereby heat is passed from the metal surface to the hydrocarbon without significant carburization of the metal.
- the present invention contemplates a method of rendering metal surfaces exposed to hydrocarbons under pyrolysis and reforming conditions resistant to carburization by providing on such metal surfaces in contact with the hydrocarbons and adherent layer of manganese and chromium oxide.
- an ad herent layer of manganese and chromium oxide is formed on a metal alloy surface by oxidizing a nickelchromium-iron alloy that has at least 36% nickel and from 1.25% to 2.0% manganese.
- the present invention can be carried out for example by passing a hydrocarbon through a heating means having one or more tubes or conduits which are heated di- 'rectly or indirectly to transfer heat to the hydrocarbon.
- the metal surfaces to be used in accordance with this invention should have an adherent coating of manganese and chromium oxide.
- the metal tubes are formed from an alloy consisting essentially of chromium, nickel and iron and having at least l.25% manganese and at least 36% nickel.
- the alloy may have from 36 to 38% nickel, from 23 to 27% chromium, and from 1.25% to 2% manganese.
- the metal surfaces are pretreated with steam at temperatures in the range of 500 F. to about 2,000 F., and preferably at about l,500 F. for from about 24 hours to about 96 hours, such as about 72 hours.
- the grain structure of the contact surface Equally important in providing an adequate protective coating of manganese and chromium oxide on the surface of the metal is the grain structure of the contact surface. It has been discovered that with furnace tubes, for example, the interior contact surface should be made up of equiaxed grain structure. Basically the grain structure is achieved by casting the alloy into a tube and controlling the thermal gradient during solidification. Any other technique known in the art for controlling grain structure can be employed.
- a nickel content, in a nickel-chromiumiron alloy, of greater than 36% and a manganese content of greater than 1.25% is necessary to provide a good protective scale of manganese and chromium oxide in the interior surface of the furnace tube.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US387946A US3865634A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1973-08-13 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
CA204,577A CA1028601A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-07-11 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
GB3143274A GB1472090A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-07-16 | Heat resistant alloy forcarburization resistance |
DE19742447146 DE2447146A1 (de) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-07-20 | Verfahren zur bildung einer schutzschicht aus mangan- und chromoxyd |
DE2434994A DE2434994A1 (de) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-07-20 | Verfahren zum erhitzen von kohlenwasserstoffen in gegenwart nickeleisenhaltiger metallflaechen |
NL7410570A NL7410570A (nl) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-06 | Werkwijze voor het tegengaan van carbonering van ovenbuizen bij pyrolyse en reformen van koolwaterstoffen. |
FR7427906A FR2240964B1 (de) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-12 | |
JP49092072A JPS5072839A (de) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-13 | |
BE147542A BE818775A (fr) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-13 | Procede pour chauffer des hydrocarbures |
AU72348/74A AU484945B2 (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-14 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
US501220A US3919073A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1974-08-28 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US387946A US3865634A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1973-08-13 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3865634A true US3865634A (en) | 1975-02-11 |
Family
ID=23531967
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US387946A Expired - Lifetime US3865634A (en) | 1973-08-13 | 1973-08-13 | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3865634A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS5072839A (de) |
BE (1) | BE818775A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1028601A (de) |
DE (2) | DE2447146A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2240964B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1472090A (de) |
NL (1) | NL7410570A (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4784831A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1988-11-15 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Hiscor alloy |
US5169515A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-12-08 | Shell Oil Company | Process and article |
US5873950A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-02-23 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Strengthenable ethylene pyrolysis alloy |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5684789A (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1981-07-10 | Toyo Eng Corp | High-temperature treatment of hydrocarbon-containing material |
GB2233672A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-16 | Shell Int Research | High temperature treatment of stainless steals used in high temperature reactors |
DE10017512A1 (de) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-18 | Atec Weiss Gmbh & Co Kg | Ringlamelle für flexible Wellenkupplungen, aus solchen Ringlamellen gebildetes Lamellenpaket und flexible Wellenkupplung mit solchen Ringlamellen |
US6824883B1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2004-11-30 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Surface on a stainless steel matrix |
US6899966B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2005-05-31 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Composite surface on a stainless steel matrix |
FR3060430B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-07-19 | Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Lyon (Insa Lyon) | Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke. |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2543710A (en) * | 1948-01-15 | 1951-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Process for producing insulating iron oxide coatings |
US3260594A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-07-12 | Blaw Knox Co | High temperature alloys |
-
1973
- 1973-08-13 US US387946A patent/US3865634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-07-11 CA CA204,577A patent/CA1028601A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-16 GB GB3143274A patent/GB1472090A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-20 DE DE19742447146 patent/DE2447146A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-07-20 DE DE2434994A patent/DE2434994A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-08-06 NL NL7410570A patent/NL7410570A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-08-12 FR FR7427906A patent/FR2240964B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-08-13 BE BE147542A patent/BE818775A/xx unknown
- 1974-08-13 JP JP49092072A patent/JPS5072839A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2543710A (en) * | 1948-01-15 | 1951-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Process for producing insulating iron oxide coatings |
US3260594A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-07-12 | Blaw Knox Co | High temperature alloys |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4784831A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1988-11-15 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Hiscor alloy |
US5169515A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-12-08 | Shell Oil Company | Process and article |
US5873950A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-02-23 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Strengthenable ethylene pyrolysis alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2434994A1 (de) | 1975-02-20 |
FR2240964B1 (de) | 1978-07-13 |
BE818775A (fr) | 1975-02-13 |
NL7410570A (nl) | 1975-02-17 |
AU7234874A (en) | 1976-02-19 |
FR2240964A1 (de) | 1975-03-14 |
JPS5072839A (de) | 1975-06-16 |
CA1028601A (en) | 1978-03-28 |
GB1472090A (en) | 1977-04-27 |
DE2447146A1 (de) | 1975-06-26 |
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