US3864918A - Powered mobile liquefied gas carriers - Google Patents

Powered mobile liquefied gas carriers Download PDF

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US3864918A
US3864918A US361032A US36103273A US3864918A US 3864918 A US3864918 A US 3864918A US 361032 A US361032 A US 361032A US 36103273 A US36103273 A US 36103273A US 3864918 A US3864918 A US 3864918A
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gas
part flow
duct
flow
carrier
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Michael Lorenz
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Priority claimed from DE2225882A external-priority patent/DE2225882B2/de
Priority claimed from DE2228382A external-priority patent/DE2228382A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2230263A external-priority patent/DE2230263A1/de
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways

Definitions

  • the heated second component flow [58] g i 240 243 is then used as an energy source for driving the carrier, such as a ship.
  • the reliquified flow is returned to 62/52, 54, 60/3946, 651, 671 the insulated vessel [56] 'g';f ::f 21 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures l,808,439 6/1931 Serriades 60/671 CID .
  • This invention relates to powered mobile liquefied gas carriers, particularly waterborne vessels such as marine tankers, in which the liquefied gas is contained in at least one insulated vessel at the appropriate low temperature and substantially normal pressure, any gas produced by evaporation being collected and being supplied as an energy source to a combustion operation for driving the carrier.
  • the invention also relates to methods of operating such liquefied gas carriers.
  • the unavoidable evaporation losses also involve a reduction of the actually available transportation space because the evaporation losses must be allowed for during travelling. Moreover, a certain quantity of liquefied gas must remain in the cargo tanks when the ship travels empty so that the tanks may be constantly maintained at the specified low temperature so that the effective space is still further reduced. Owing to this reduction of the cargo space and because of the high cost of the liquefied gas thus transported, it follows that the solution adopted hitherto of utilising the evaporation losses for heating the ship's boilers or the like is economically unsatisfactory.
  • gas produced by evaporation is collected and is divided into two part flows, a first part flow being compressed in itself and, while being cooled and liquefied, transferring heat to the second part, the re-liquefied gas of the first part flow being expanded and returned to the vessel and the heated second part flow being supplied as an energy source for driving the carrier.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to divide the gas produced by evaporation into two part flows of which one is used to preheat the other while requiring only a small amount of energy for compression, heat dissipation being regulated so as to achieve renewed liquefaction of the previously compressed part flow.
  • the invention proposes that the part flow to be used in the propulsion plant is first heated by the energy which is supplied for compressing the part flow that is to be reliquefied and is then compressed for further utilisation. This results in a particularly advantageous energy utilisation, the effective evaporation losses being also substantially reduced.
  • the entire amount of gas produced by evaporation may be divided into the two part flows in a ratio controlled by reliquefaction.
  • the first part flow is compressed substantially adiabatically by utilising energy derived from the drive of the carrier but the energy may be derived from an auxiliary source of power.
  • the second part flow i.e., the part flow which is to be supplied to the propulsion system of the gas carrier, may be compressed after it has been heated by the first part flow, i.e., the part flow which is to be re-liquefied.
  • the first and second part flows may be conducted in countercurrent for the said transfer of heat.
  • the reliquefied gas may be subjected to after-cooling.
  • the entire collected gas may be utilised for cooling the first part flow prior to division into the two part flows.
  • the first part flow which is to be supplied to the compressor therefore has a higher temperature than in the first described method.
  • the latter method has the advantage of reducing the amount of equipment required.
  • the compressor may operate with the part flow to be returned at an inlet temperature which is approximately 40C higher than in the first mentioned method.
  • Preferably cooling is performed with the collected gas in the low-temperature range and the part flow which is to be supplied for combustion is used for cooling thepart flow which is conducted through the compressor'and is to be returned to the vessel in the higher temperature range.
  • the part flow of the collected gas to be supplied for combustion may be branched off at a temperature level which corresponds substantially to the condensation temperature.
  • the methods according to the invention may be relatively easily and simply controlled.
  • the ratio between the part flows fluctuates only within narrow limits in normal operation.
  • a three-way valve, which is controllable by the condensation pressure and is disposed at the point of division into the branch ducts may be used to provide the main control.
  • a mobile liquefied gas carrier has means for utilising evaporated liquefied gas to drive the carrier, an insulated vessel to contain liquefied gas, a gas delivery duct leading from the vessel and dividing into branch ducts, the first branch duct leading through a compressor, one side of a heat exchanger means and an expansion element and back to the insulating vessel, and the second branch duct leading through the other side of the heat exchanger means to the drive means.
  • FIG. 1 shows a ship in simplified form
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a previously proposed system for dealing with evaporated gas
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system operating in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph in which the pressure and enthalpy of the gas/liquid as it passes through the system shown in FIG. 3 are plotted.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of a modified system.
  • FIG. 1 shows in simplified form a ship having a number of insulated vessels 12, 14 which, in this case, are of spherical shape and contain liquefied natural gas. Other shapes are possible and are commonly used.
  • the insulation of the insulated vessels is constructed in the usual way so that the evaporation loss resulting from the action of the heat of water and air on the vessels is reduced to the lowest level which is economically justifiable.
  • the gas nevertheless generated due to evaporation of the liquefied gas is collected by a duct 18 which communicates through connections 18a, 18b with the insulating vessels l2, 14, the gas being supplied to the ships propulsion apparatus 16.
  • a re-liquefying device 20 is provided into which the duct 18 leads and from which a duct 24 extends to a device in the ships propulsion apparatus 16 to deliver a part flow of the evaporated gas for combustion in the apparatus 16. In this way, the gas is burnt to yield thermal energy.
  • a duct 22 also extends from the device 20 to the vessels 12, 14 in order to return re-liquefied gas via connections 22a, 2212 into the vessels. Where there is a number of vessels it is not necessary for all the vessels to be connected to the return duct 22. Since only part of the gas produced as a result of evaporation is again liquefied it is sufficient to provide connections for a corresponding maximum re-liquefaction flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows a previously proposed system by means of which gas produced by the evaporation of liquefied gas was utilised for combustion.
  • the collected gas is supplied through a duct 100 to a compressor 102 the output of which is connected through a duct 104 to a heat exchanger 106.
  • the gas discharged from the heat exchanger is fed through a duct 108 into a combustion device.
  • the gas At the inlet to the compressor 102 the gas has a temperature of approximately -l50C and a pressure p 1 atm abs.
  • p 1 atm abs At the output of the compressor t -l25C, p 1.7 atm abs.
  • t +20C, p 1.7 atm abs.
  • the heat exchanger 106 is operated with a glycolwater mixture which must be correspondingly preheated.
  • a heat exchanger 112 is provided which is supplied with steam via a duct 110.
  • the exhaust steam from the heat exchanger 112 is discharged via a duct 114.
  • the glycol-water mixture heated by the steam passes from the heat exchanger 112 via a duct 116 to the heat exchanger 106. Convection in this case is insufficient to ensure circulation and for this reason a pump is provided for the glycol-water mixture circulation.
  • the partially evaporated glycol-water mixture passes from the heat exchanger 106 via a duct 119 into a glycol-water mixture storage tank 118.
  • a by-pass connection 117 is provided between the duct 116 and the duct 119.
  • the storage tank 118 communicates with the inlet of the pump 120 through a duct 121.
  • the system is provided with valves for regulation purposes, these valves being controlled by devices designated by the letters TC in dependence on the temperatures which prevail in the various parts of the system.
  • Pressure control means 103 are provided for the compressor 102.
  • a level indicator LI is also provided for monitoring purposeson the tank 118 and is adapted to deliver a signal for controlling the system when the level approaches a maximum or minimum.
  • a re-liquifying device 20 constructed and operating in accordance with the invention is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
  • the duct 18 leads to a controllable three-way valve 26 in which the entire incoming flow of gas is divided into two part flows. This division is performed at a defined, controlled ratio.
  • One part flow is fed by the valve 26 through a duct 28 to the inlet of a compressor 30 and compressed.
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected through a duct 32 to a condenser 34 which, together with a condensate collector and after-,cooler 36, ,forms an integral structural unit operating as a heat exchange means.
  • the gas which is heated and compressed by the compressor 30 is liquefied in the unit 34, 36 after giving up heat to the gas which is to be burnt.
  • the compressed gas is passed into heat exchange relation with the other gas part flow to cool and reliquify the compressed part flow while heating the other part flow.
  • the liquefied gas which is received by the collector may be returned by a duct 22 and an expansion valve 62 to the vessels 12, 14.
  • the second, larger part flow flows from the valve 26 through a duct 40 to the gas duct system of the collector and aftercooler 36, illustrated in simplified form as a cooling coil, in counter-flow to the compressed gas flow so as to cool and reliquify the compressed gas flow.
  • the compressors 30, 52 are also used for drawing the gas from the vessels l2, l4.
  • the system shown in FIG. 3 is provided with appropriate means for controlling the process in the individual sections.
  • Pressure-dependent regulating devices are designated with the letters PC in FIG. 3 while regulating devices which depend on the filling level are designated with the letters LC.
  • Pressure regulating means 54 are disposed between the duct 18 and the compressor 52 to ensure that the pressure in the vessels l2, 14 remains constant.
  • Pressure-dependent rotational speed regulating means 56 are provided for the compressor 30.
  • the valve 26 is controlled by the condensation pressure (compression pressure) in the duct 32 by means of a device 58.
  • a level control system 60 which controls an expansion valve 62 in the return duct 22 is provided to control this state.
  • the invention is further explained by reference to the graph shown in FIG. 4.
  • the enthalpy i is plotted on the abscissa and the logarithm of the pressure log p is plotted on the ordinate.
  • the curves labelled rh and "'1 show the changes in pressure in enthalpy in the first part flow passing at a rate ril from the valve 26 along the duct and the second part flow passing at a rate rh from the valve 26 along the line 40, the referenced points on the curves corresponding to the similarly referenced parts of the system shown in FIG. 3.
  • the numerical example confirms that approximately one third of the gas yielded by evaporation may be reliquefied with apparatus of the same order of magnitude as that employed hitherto.
  • the graph of FIG. 4 also shows that pressure and temperature are initially increased for the part flow that is to be liquefied. The temperature is then reduced at constant pressure. liquefaction occurring at a defined point which depends on p and T. After further cooling the gas is expanded combined with further temperature reduction.
  • FIG. 5 A modified re-liquifying device 20 constructed and operating in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the duct 18 leads to the three-way valve 26 from which a line 28 leads to a heat exchanger unit 65.
  • the heat exchanger unit 65 comprises three parts, namely an outlet cooler 66, a condenser 67 and an inlet cooler 68. All parts of the heat exchanger unit are preferably combined in one structure.
  • the duct 28 extends through the outlet cooler 66 as a cooling duct 69 which leads into the cooling duct 70 of the condenser.
  • a cooling duct 72 in the inlet cooler 68 communicates with the cooling duct 70 via a three-way valve 71.
  • the stream of collected evaporated gas is subdivided into two part flows by the three-way valve 71.
  • One part flow passes from the valve 71 through the cooling duct 72 of the inlet cooler and a duct 73 to a compressor 74 where the gas of the part flow which has been heated in the meantime is compressed for combustion.
  • a part flow which is smaller than the part flow intended for combustion passes from the valve 71 through a duct 40 into a compressor 75 in which the gas which has already been heated in the heat exchanger unit above the original temperature of the vessels 12, 14 is compressed while being heated, substantially'adiabatically.
  • the compressed gas which now has a temperature substantially higher than the original temperature of the vessels then passes through a duct 76 into the heat exchanger unit 65.
  • the gas from the compressor 75 gives up heat by counter-flow to the gas which passes to combustion and to the undivided stream of the collected gas.
  • the gas After pre-cooling in the inlet cooler 68, the gas is liquefied in the condenser 67 and is further cooled in the outlet cooler 66.
  • the liquefied cooled gas passes through an expansion valve 77 into the duct 22 for return to the vessels 12 and 14.
  • a part flow is first branched off at the valve 26 and passed via a duct 78 into the duct 40 and thence to the compressor 75.
  • the duct 78 passes through a heating device 79 which may be operated, for example, with sea water and which replaces preheating in the zones 66 and 67 during the starting phase.
  • the device or system is changed over after starting up so that none of the collected gas is branched off at the valve 26 and the division is performed at the valve 71.
  • the system incorporates various controllers which are shown as P or LC respectively in the drawing.
  • LC refers to a level controller disposed on the outlet cooler to ensure that a defined liquid level is always present in the outlet cooler 66.
  • the controller LC therefore communicates with a valve 77 which also has a volumetric control function for expansion.
  • Control devices are also provided at the compressors 74, 75.
  • the controller on the compressor 74 may communicate with the valve 26 and establish a relationship between the gas supplied from the vessels and the gas which is to be delivered for combustion.
  • the pressure at the outlet from the compressor 75 may be related to the dividing ratio at the valve 71.
  • the entire mass flow from the vessels 12 and 14 gives up part of its refrigeration energy for condensation and final cooling of the part flow which is branched off from the total flow after emerging from the condenser. It is essential that the entire mass flow is utilised for cooling the return part flow over a substantial part of the negative temperature range.
  • a method of operating a powered mobile liquefied gas carrier in which liquefied gas is contained in at least one insulated vessel at the appropriate low temperature and substantially normal pressure, in which method gas produced by evaporation is collected and is divided into first and second part flows, the first part flow being compressed in itself and, while being cooled and liquefied, transferring heat to the second part flow, the reliquefied gas of the first part flow being expanded and returned to the vessel and the heated second part flow being supplied as an energy source for driving the carrier.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 in which the whole of the gas produced by evaporation is divided into the two part flows at a ratio controlled by the reliquefaction of the first part flow.
  • a method as claimed in claim 3 in which cooling is performed with the entire collected gas in a low temperature range and the second part flow is utilised for cooling the first part flow conducted through the compressor and returned to the vessel in a temperature range above the low temperature range.
  • a method as claimed in claim 9 in which the second part flow is branched off from the collected gas at a temperature level which corresponds substantially to the temperature of condensation.
  • a method as claimed in claim 9 in which the entire gas flow is divided into the two part flows after passing through a final cooling zone and condensation zone for the first part flow.
  • a mobile liquefied gas carrier having means for utilising evaporated liquefied gas to drive the carrier, an insulated vessel to contain liquefied gas, a gas delivery duct leading from the vessel and dividing into branch ducts, the first branch duct leading through a compressor, one side of a heat exchanger means and an expansion element and back to the insulating vessel, and the second branch duct leading through the other side of the heat exchanger means to the drive means.
  • a gas carrier as claimed in claim 15 in which the second branch duct extends from the heat exchange means via a compressor to the drive means.
  • a method of operating a propulsion system for a powered mobile liquified gas carrier having at least one insulated vessel containing liquified gas comprising collecting gas generated due to evaporation in the vessel,
  • a mobile liquid gas carrier having a propulsion apparatus for driving the carrier
  • At least one vessel for containing liquified natural gas at least one vessel for containing liquified natural gas
  • a gas delivery duct communicating with said vessel to collect evaporated gas from said vessel
  • a re-liquifying device connected to said duct to receive the evaporated gas for re-liquifying a part flow of the evaporated gas
  • a first duct extending from said device to said vessel to return the part flow of re-liquified gas from said device to said vessel
  • a second duct extending from said device to said propulsion apparatus to deliver a second part flow of evaporated gas from said device to said propulsion apparatus for combustion therein.
  • a mobile liquid gas carrier as set forth in claim 18 wherein said re-liquifying device includes a controllable three-way valve connected to said gas delivery duct; a heat exchanger unit having an outlet cooler, condenser and inlet cooler; a first cooling duct in said outlet cooler connected to said valve to receive the evaporated gas; a second cooling duct in said condenser connected to said first cooling duct to receive the evaporated gas therefrom; a second three-way valve connected to said second cooling duct; 21 third cooling duct in said inlet cooler connected to said secand valve to receive a part flow of evaporated gas therefrom; and a compressor connected to said second valve to receive and compress a second part flow of the evaporated gas therefrom, said compressor being connected to said heat exchanger unit to deliver the compressed second part flow thereto for counterflow over said cooling ducts.
  • a mobile liquid gas carrier as set forth in claim 18 wherein said re-liquifying device includes a controllable three-way valve connected to said gas delivery duct, a compressor connected to said valve to receive and compress a first part flow of the evaporated gas, a heat exchange means connected to said compressor to receive the compressed first part flow from said compressor, said heat exchange means being connected to said valve to receive a second part flow of the evaporated gas for flow therethrough in 'countercurrent to the compressed first part flow to cool and re-liquify the compressed first part flow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US361032A 1972-05-27 1973-05-17 Powered mobile liquefied gas carriers Expired - Lifetime US3864918A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2225882A DE2225882B2 (de) 1972-05-27 1972-05-27 Verfahren zum Seetransport von Flüssiggas und Schiff zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE2228382A DE2228382A1 (de) 1972-06-10 1972-06-10 Verfahren zum seetransport von fluessiggas und schiff zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens
DE2230263A DE2230263A1 (de) 1972-06-21 1972-06-21 Verfahren zum seetransport von fluessiggas und schiff zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens

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US3864918A true US3864918A (en) 1975-02-11

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US361032A Expired - Lifetime US3864918A (en) 1972-05-27 1973-05-17 Powered mobile liquefied gas carriers

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US (1) US3864918A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4961707A (ja)
CA (1) CA991532A (ja)
CH (1) CH570296A5 (ja)
ES (1) ES415237A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2189678B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1431203A (ja)
IT (1) IT987915B (ja)
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US4292062A (en) * 1980-03-20 1981-09-29 Dinulescu Horia A Cryogenic fuel tank
US5590535A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-01-07 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Process and apparatus for conditioning cryogenic fuel to establish a selected equilibrium pressure
WO1997040307A1 (en) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-30 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A/S Process and system for recovering and storing a light hydrocarbon vapor from crude oil
WO1997040308A1 (en) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-30 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A/S Process for recovering low molecular volatile compounds from hydrocarbon-containing liquids
US5687776A (en) * 1992-12-07 1997-11-18 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for fueling vehicles with liquefied cryogenic fuel
US5771946A (en) * 1992-12-07 1998-06-30 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for fueling vehicles with liquefied cryogenic fuel
WO1998059085A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-30 Exxon Production Research Company Improved system for processing, storing, and transporting liquefied natural gas
WO1998059084A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-30 Exxon Production Research Company Pipeline distribution network systems for transportation of liquefied natural gas
WO1998059195A3 (en) * 1997-06-20 1999-03-18 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular, land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
US6058713A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-05-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company LNG fuel storage and delivery systems for natural gas powered vehicles
US6212891B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process components, containers, and pipes suitable for containing and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids
US6339996B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2002-01-22 Mr. Steven Campbell Natural gas composition transport system and method
US20020046773A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-04-25 Bishop William M. Methods and apparatus for compressible gas
US6460721B2 (en) 1999-03-23 2002-10-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for producing and storing pressurized liquefied natural gas
US20030098098A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-29 Petersen Clifford W. High strength marine structures
US6584781B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2003-07-01 Enersea Transport, Llc Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
US6598564B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-07-29 Cryostar-France Sa Natural gas supply apparatus
KR20030073975A (ko) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-19 대우조선해양 주식회사 엘앤지 운반선의 증발가스 처리 방법 및 시스템 장치
US20030183638A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Moses Minta Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US20040182090A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-23 Snecma Moteurs Feeding energy to a gas terminal from a ship for transporting liquefied gas
US6843237B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2005-01-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company CNG fuel storage and delivery systems for natural gas powered vehicles
US20060053806A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-16 Argent Marine Operations, Inc. System and process for transporting LNG by non-self-propelled marine LNG carrier
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US20070214804A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Robert John Hannan Onboard Regasification of LNG
US20070214806A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Solomon Aladja Faka Continuous Regasification of LNG Using Ambient Air
US20070214805A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Macmillan Adrian Armstrong Onboard Regasification of LNG Using Ambient Air
US20080276627A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Fuel gas supply system and method of a ship
US20080276628A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Fuel gas supply system and method of an lng carrier
US20080299848A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2008-12-04 Wartsila Finland Oy Arrangement for and Method of Providing Cooling Energy to a Cooling Medium Circuit of a Marine Vessel
US20090193780A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2009-08-06 Woodside Energy Limited Power Generation System for a Marine Vessel
WO2009136793A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Hamworthy Gas Systems As Gas supply systems for gas engines
US20100192597A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2010-08-05 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Method and Apparatus for the Regasification of LNG Onboard a Carrier
US20100263389A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Dockside Ship-To-Ship Transfer of LNG
US20110030391A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Woodside Energy Limited Mechanical Defrosting During Continuous Regasification of a Cryogenic Fluid Using Ambient Air
WO2011092450A1 (en) * 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Hammworthy Combustion Engineering Limited Handling hydrocarbon cargoes
WO2012026828A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2012-03-01 Tanker Engineering As A method and arrangement for providing lng fuel for ships
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US20140150470A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-06-05 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Lt. Method and system for treating a liquefied gas
CN104033287A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 现代重工业株式会社 用于供给液化天然气燃料的系统
WO2016001115A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. System and method for off-shore storing and transporting a conditioned hydrocarbon liquid
CN104033287B (zh) * 2013-03-06 2016-11-30 现代重工业株式会社 用于供给液化天然气燃料的系统
US9919774B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2018-03-20 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Systems and methods for treatment of LNG cargo tanks
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US4292062A (en) * 1980-03-20 1981-09-29 Dinulescu Horia A Cryogenic fuel tank
US5687776A (en) * 1992-12-07 1997-11-18 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for fueling vehicles with liquefied cryogenic fuel
US5771946A (en) * 1992-12-07 1998-06-30 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for fueling vehicles with liquefied cryogenic fuel
US5590535A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-01-07 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Process and apparatus for conditioning cryogenic fuel to establish a selected equilibrium pressure
GB2329189A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-03-17 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Process for recovering low molecular volatile compounds from hydrocarbon-containing liquids
WO1997040307A1 (en) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-30 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A/S Process and system for recovering and storing a light hydrocarbon vapor from crude oil
WO1997040308A1 (en) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-30 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A/S Process for recovering low molecular volatile compounds from hydrocarbon-containing liquids
GB2328445B (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-06-30 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Process and system for recovering and storing a light hydrocarbon vapor from crude oil
GB2328445A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-02-24 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Process and system for recovering and storing a light hydrocarbon vapor from crude oil
GB2341614B (en) * 1997-06-20 2001-09-26 Exxon Production Research Co Improved system for processing storing and transporting liquefied natural gas
US6085528A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-07-11 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company System for processing, storing, and transporting liquefied natural gas
WO1998059084A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-30 Exxon Production Research Company Pipeline distribution network systems for transportation of liquefied natural gas
GB2341614A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-03-22 Exxon Production Research Co Improved system for processing storing and transporting liquefied natural gas
US6047747A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-04-11 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company System for vehicular, land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
US6058713A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-05-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company LNG fuel storage and delivery systems for natural gas powered vehicles
GB2344415A (en) * 1997-06-20 2000-06-07 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
WO1998059195A3 (en) * 1997-06-20 1999-03-18 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular, land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
US6203631B1 (en) 1997-06-20 2001-03-20 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Pipeline distribution network systems for transportation of liquefied natural gas
GB2344415B (en) * 1997-06-20 2001-04-04 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
AT413588B (de) * 1997-06-20 2006-04-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Systeme für die landgestützte verteilung mittels fahrzeugen von flüssigerdgas
WO1998059085A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-30 Exxon Production Research Company Improved system for processing, storing, and transporting liquefied natural gas
US6212891B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process components, containers, and pipes suitable for containing and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids
US6460721B2 (en) 1999-03-23 2002-10-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for producing and storing pressurized liquefied natural gas
US6339996B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2002-01-22 Mr. Steven Campbell Natural gas composition transport system and method
US20060011235A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2006-01-19 Enersea Transport, Llc A Limited Liability Corporation Of Texas Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
US20020046773A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-04-25 Bishop William M. Methods and apparatus for compressible gas
US7257952B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2007-08-21 Enersea Transport Llc Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
US6584781B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2003-07-01 Enersea Transport, Llc Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
US6994104B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2006-02-07 Enersea Transport, Llc Modular system for storing gas cylinders
US6655155B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2003-12-02 Enersea Transport, Llc Methods and apparatus for loading compressed gas
US6725671B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2004-04-27 Enersea Transport, Llc Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
US6598564B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-07-29 Cryostar-France Sa Natural gas supply apparatus
US6843237B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2005-01-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company CNG fuel storage and delivery systems for natural gas powered vehicles
US6852175B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2005-02-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company High strength marine structures
US20030098098A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-29 Petersen Clifford W. High strength marine structures
US20100192597A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2010-08-05 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Method and Apparatus for the Regasification of LNG Onboard a Carrier
KR20030073975A (ko) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-19 대우조선해양 주식회사 엘앤지 운반선의 증발가스 처리 방법 및 시스템 장치
US20030183638A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Moses Minta Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US7147124B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2006-12-12 Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US20040182090A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-23 Snecma Moteurs Feeding energy to a gas terminal from a ship for transporting liquefied gas
US7287389B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2007-10-30 Snecma Moteurs Feeding energy to a gas terminal from a ship for transporting liquefied gas
US20060053806A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-16 Argent Marine Operations, Inc. System and process for transporting LNG by non-self-propelled marine LNG carrier
US8499569B2 (en) 2004-09-13 2013-08-06 Argent Marine Management, Inc. System and process for transporting LNG by non-self-propelled marine LNG carrier
WO2006052392A3 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-07-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Lng transportation vessel and method for transporting hydrocarbons
WO2006052392A2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Lng transportation vessel and method for transporting hydrocarbons
WO2006128470A2 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Lauritzen Kozan A/S Equipment for a tanker vessel carrying a liquefield gas
WO2006128470A3 (en) * 2005-06-02 2007-10-18 Lauritzen Kozan As Equipment for a tanker vessel carrying a liquefield gas
US20080299848A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2008-12-04 Wartsila Finland Oy Arrangement for and Method of Providing Cooling Energy to a Cooling Medium Circuit of a Marine Vessel
US8043136B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2011-10-25 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Arrangement for and method of providing cooling energy to a cooling medium circuit of a marine vessel
US20070214805A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Macmillan Adrian Armstrong Onboard Regasification of LNG Using Ambient Air
US20070214804A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Robert John Hannan Onboard Regasification of LNG
US8607580B2 (en) 2006-03-15 2013-12-17 Woodside Energy Ltd. Regasification of LNG using dehumidified air
US8069677B2 (en) 2006-03-15 2011-12-06 Woodside Energy Ltd. Regasification of LNG using ambient air and supplemental heat
US20070214806A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Solomon Aladja Faka Continuous Regasification of LNG Using Ambient Air
US20090199575A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2009-08-13 Woodside Energy Limited Boil off gas management during ship-to-ship transfer of lng
US20090193780A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2009-08-06 Woodside Energy Limited Power Generation System for a Marine Vessel
US20080276627A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Fuel gas supply system and method of a ship
US20080276628A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Fuel gas supply system and method of an lng carrier
US20090133674A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-05-28 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Fuel gas supply system and method of an lng carrier
CN102084114A (zh) * 2008-05-08 2011-06-01 海威气体系统公司 气体发动机的气体供应系统
US20110146341A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-06-23 Hamworthy Gas Systems As Gas supply system for gas engines
WO2009136793A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Hamworthy Gas Systems As Gas supply systems for gas engines
CN102084114B (zh) * 2008-05-08 2014-08-27 瓦锡兰油气系统公司 气体发动机的气体供应系统
US20100263389A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Dockside Ship-To-Ship Transfer of LNG
US20110030391A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Woodside Energy Limited Mechanical Defrosting During Continuous Regasification of a Cryogenic Fluid Using Ambient Air
WO2011092450A1 (en) * 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Hammworthy Combustion Engineering Limited Handling hydrocarbon cargoes
US9919774B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2018-03-20 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Systems and methods for treatment of LNG cargo tanks
RU2559433C2 (ru) * 2010-08-25 2015-08-10 Вяртсиля Ойл Энд Гэс Системз Ас Способ и система обеспечения топлива в виде сжиженного природного газа для судна
WO2012026828A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2012-03-01 Tanker Engineering As A method and arrangement for providing lng fuel for ships
WO2012165967A1 (en) 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems As Utilization of lng used for fuel to liquefy lpg boil off
US20140150470A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-06-05 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Lt. Method and system for treating a liquefied gas
US20140245755A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-09-04 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd System and method for processing liquefied gas
US20140238051A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-08-28 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. System and method for processing liquefied gas
US9851052B2 (en) * 2012-05-14 2017-12-26 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Method and system for treating a liquefied gas
US9885446B2 (en) * 2012-05-14 2018-02-06 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. System and method for processing liquefied gas
US20140238050A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-08-28 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. System and method for processing liquefied gas
US10539361B2 (en) 2012-08-22 2020-01-21 Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd. Modular LNG production facility
CN104033287A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 现代重工业株式会社 用于供给液化天然气燃料的系统
EP2775129A1 (en) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. System for supplying liquefied natural gas fuel
CN104033287B (zh) * 2013-03-06 2016-11-30 现代重工业株式会社 用于供给液化天然气燃料的系统
US9776702B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2017-10-03 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. System for supplying liquefied natural gas fuel with leak detection
WO2016001115A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. System and method for off-shore storing and transporting a conditioned hydrocarbon liquid

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SE390057B (sv) 1976-11-29
JPS4961707A (ja) 1974-06-14
FR2189678B1 (ja) 1977-02-11
GB1431203A (en) 1976-04-07
CH570296A5 (ja) 1975-12-15
NL155361B (nl) 1977-12-15
CA991532A (en) 1976-06-22
NO137991C (no) 1978-06-14
ES415237A1 (es) 1976-06-01
NO137991B (no) 1978-02-27
FR2189678A1 (ja) 1974-01-25
NL7307278A (ja) 1973-11-29
SU571203A3 (ru) 1977-08-30
PL86303B1 (en) 1976-05-31
IT987915B (it) 1975-03-20

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