US3864695A - Pen having vertical movement control - Google Patents

Pen having vertical movement control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3864695A
US3864695A US393888A US39388873A US3864695A US 3864695 A US3864695 A US 3864695A US 393888 A US393888 A US 393888A US 39388873 A US39388873 A US 39388873A US 3864695 A US3864695 A US 3864695A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pen
movement amount
velocity
signals
drive current
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Expired - Lifetime
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US393888A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hironobu Nagashima
Masato Hara
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Pentax Corp
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Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP11119572U external-priority patent/JPS5246184Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP10726172A external-priority patent/JPS5716794B2/ja
Application filed by Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd
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Publication of US3864695A publication Critical patent/US3864695A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L13/00—Drawing instruments, or writing or drawing appliances or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B43L13/02—Draughting machines or drawing devices for keeping parallelism
    • B43L13/022—Draughting machines or drawing devices for keeping parallelism automatic
    • B43L13/024—Drawing heads therefor

Definitions

  • the prior art devices for vertical movement of the pen include the use of an attractive force between a movable iron piece associated with the pen and a magnet and the use of a torque provided by a rotary solenoid.
  • the means of the prior art using these manners of driving have been attended with various disadvantages such as an undesirable variation of the writing pressure of the pen depending upon the thickness of drawing paper and a movable stroke of the pen inconveniently limited by such a variable writing pressure.
  • the prior art has been unable to properly control the velocity at which the pens moves.
  • Tlie velocity at which the pen moves downward is accelerated as the pen moves on toward a plane of paper and the velocity reaches the maximum at the moment when the pen strikes against paper surface.
  • Ball pen or hollow ink pen has usually been used as the pen and, particularly when the hollow ink pen is used, ink may scatter on paper surface at the collision of the pen with paper surface.
  • an element such as a spring to control the velocity of downward movement of the pen and to absorb said bounce.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new device to overcome the drawbacks of the means of prior art by utilizing improved means for control of the vertical movement of the pen in an automatic drawing apparatus or the like to assure vertical movement of the pen at high velocity with high accuracy and to maintain the writing pressure of the pen constant regardless of the surface precision of a particular drawing board and the thickness of used paper as well as to enlarge the movable stroke of the pen.
  • a movable coil mounted around a frame to which the pen is attached. This coil is located in a magnetic field and will move vertically according to the direction and amount of current induced through it.
  • a control device forming a part of the invention, will precisely vary the current according to feedback of various parameters associated with the movement of the pen which affect the velocity of the pen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a graphic representation of the signal a showing pen position with respect to time
  • FIG. 2B is a graphic representation of the signal b showing the eletric current corresponding to the velocity of the pen with respect to time;
  • FIG. 2C is a graphic representation of the signal c showing the electric current with respect to time
  • FIG. 2D is a graphic representation of the comparison between optimal movement of the pen and the time delay movement of the pen;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a general feedback control system
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic view of a feedback control system showing the various switch settings for the various vertical movement parameters.
  • a movable coil 2 is wound on a cylindrical winding frame 3 in a magnetic field which is produced by a cylindrical permanent magnet 1 across pole pieces 18 and 19.
  • the coil 2 is supplied from a constant current source 14 with a drive current, causing the pen holder 6 and the pen 7 mounted on the cylindrical winding frame 3 to be subjected to a force up- I ward or downward with respect to a plane of paper 8 placed on the drawing board 9 according to the Flemings left hand law.
  • the pen will move up or down as will be explained later.
  • the upper limited position in the movable range of the pen 7 is defined by relative positions of lower end of the pole piece '18 and a stopper 5 while the lower limited position is defined by relative positions of lower end of the cylindrical winding frame 3 and an outer frame 4.
  • the pen 7 is always subjected to a constant force upward or downward so far as winding width of the movable coil 2 is larger or smaller than the longitudinal width of the pole piece 19 and the number of magnetic flux intersecting said movable coil 2 within the movable range remains constant. This means that the force produced in the pen 7 remains constant so far as the movable stroke of the pen 7 corresponds to a difference between the longitudinal effective width of the pole piece 19 and the winding width of the movable coil 2.
  • the movable coil 2 or the pen 7 may be vertically moved by changing over the direction in which the drive current flows through the movable coil 2.
  • Vertical movement instruction signal c applied from a signal source 12 has its polarity reversed as mentioned later as the movement of the pen is reversed from upward to downward or vice versa. Accordingly, the drive current may be applied from the current source 14 to the movable coil 2 in proportion to the vertical movement instruction signal c to obtain vertical movement of the pen 7 in accordance with said vertical movement instruction signal c.
  • These luminous and light receiving elements and 11 are so arranged in a space defined between the A- and B- surfaces that an amount of the part of light emitted from the luminous element 10 that is intercepted varies according to the position of said A-surface which is vertically moved and consequently an amount oflight to which said light receiving element 11 is exposed varies also in accordance with said position of the A-surface.
  • a signal a corresponding to said amount of light to which said light receiving element 11 is exposed thus corresponds to a movement quantity of the pen 7.
  • the amount of light emitted from the luminous element 10 which is represented by three arrows is reduced to the amount represented by two arrows when received by the light receiving element 11. This reduction in the amount of light corresponds to the movement quantity of the pen 7.
  • the signal a may be differentiated by a differentiator 13 to obtain a signal!) corresponding to a velocity of the pen 7.
  • the differentiator I3 is differentiating circuit which will produce as output a signal proportional to the derivative of the input signal.
  • a simple exemplary embodiment of such a circuit is the combination of a series capacitor and shunt resistor where the RC time constant is kept very short.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C Waveforms of said signals a, b and c are shown by FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C, respectively.
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate indicates the electric current corresponding to the position of the pen 7.
  • a series of peaks seen in FIG. 2A comprises the first half which indicates bounces of the pen 7 on paper 8 occurring in movement downward and the second half which indicates bounces of the pen 7 occurring at the uppermost position at the end of movement upward of said pen 7.
  • FIG. 2B shows the signal b corresponding to the velocity at which the pen 7 is vertically moved. This signal b takes the positive polarity when the pen 7 is moved downward and the negative polarity when the pen 7 is moved upward.
  • FIG. 2A showing said signal a
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate indicates the electric current corresponding to the position of the pen 7.
  • a series of peaks seen in FIG. 2A comprises the first half which indicates bounces of the pen 7 on
  • FIG. 2C shows the vertical movement instruction signal 0 comprising the signal for downward movement of the pen 7 while said signal c takes the positive polarity over the time from O to t, and the signal for upward movement of the pen 7 while said signal c takesthe negative polarity over the time beyond
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate indicates the electric current.
  • the signal (c-b) is applied by a subtracter 15, which may be for example a second differential amplifier, and the output corresponds to a difference between the signal c from the signal source l2and the signal b from the differentiator 13 to the current source I4 which may be an amplifier producing a current output that is proportional to the output of the subtracter 15.
  • a subtracter 15 which may be for example a second differential amplifier
  • the output corresponds to a difference between the signal c from the signal source l2and the signal b from the differentiator 13 to the current source I4 which may be an amplifier producing a current output that is proportional to the output of the subtracter 15.
  • the drive current (of operating amount in automatic control engineering) is applied from the current source 14 to the movable coil 2.
  • the drive current for the movable coil 2 (the electric current proportional to the signal (cb)) decreases as the velocity of the pen 7 increases, since the signal b (c.f., FIG. 2B) ccorresponds to the velocity of the pen 7.
  • the velocity of the pen 7 is maintained therefore substantially constant before the pen 7 strikes the paper surface 8. This velocity of the 'pen 7 decreases as the operating amount increases and, as a result, a shock of the pen 7 against paper surface is correspondingly reduced.
  • the velocity of the pen 7 should be preferably high so far as there is no bounce of the pen 7 on paper 8, since it is preferable for the pen 7 to take a short time from the uppermost position to the surface of paper 8.
  • the operating amount is selected to keep the velocity.
  • the signal b also has the negative polarity and, in consequence, bounce of the pen 7 occurring at the uppermost position when the pen 7 is moved upward is removed just as the bounce of the pen 7 occurring on paper 8.
  • the pen 7 presents an optimal movement when the vertical movement instruction signal c shown by FIG. 2C is followed without any time delay. In practice, however, the pen 7 is moved as shown by a solid line a due to a time delay occurring under influence of a mass ofmovable elements.
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate indicates the electric current corresponding to the position of the pen 7.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a general feedback control system corresponding to the embodiment shown by FIG. 1.
  • Block 22 designates a movable element or an object to be controlled and 21 designates a control device (consisting of the differentiator l3 and the subtracter 15 in FIG. '1) adapted to supply said controlled object 22 with said opening amount e (i.e., the opening amount e).
  • Operating amount e ( reference input 11) (electric current corresponding to velocity) (electric current corresponding to acceleration) (1)
  • the electric current corresponding to the velocity in the formula (I may be obtained by timedifferentiating the output response f and the electric current corresponding to the acceleration in the same formula (I) may be obtained by time-differentiating said electric current corresponding to the velocity.
  • Ad dition of the electric current corresponding to the acceleration to the operating amount e is effective in that the mass of the movable element included in the means for vertical movement of the pen may be equivalently reduced.
  • the means for vertical movement of the pen which may improve the response characteristic of the pen in vertical movement can be provided.
  • Operating amount e (reference input d) (electric current corresponding to movement amount)
  • the electric current corresponding to movement amount of the pen in the above formula (2) is subjected to regulation such that said electric current has the positive polarity when the pen 7 is downward moved and the negative polarity when upward moved.
  • the output response f should be always subjected to such a regulation when the electric current corresponding to movement amount of the pen is considered into the operating amount e.
  • Said electric current corresponding to the movement amount of the pen 7, in such a case increases as the pen 7 comes near to paper 8. This means that the operating amount e decreases and the velocity of the pen 7 accordingly decreases as the pen 7 comes near to paper 8.
  • shock of the pen 7 against paper 8 and bounce of the pen 7 on paper 8 is reduced with respect to the case according to the embodiment shown by FIG. 1 and the formula (1). Also when the pen 7 is moved upward, the velocity is reduced as the pen 7 is moved upward and the bounce thereof occur- ,ring at the uppermost position is accordingly reduced.
  • FIG. 4 Depicted in FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic of a feedback control system with the capability to selectively establish the feedback conditions exemplified by the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 and the five equations discussed above for determining the proper operating amount e.
  • the control system When the switch of the circuit in FIG. 4 is positioned at 31 the control system operates just as shown in FIG. 1 where the receiving element 11 produces an output signal a proportional to the movement of the pen 7 to the differentiator 13 which in turn produces an output signal b proportional to the velocity of the pen 7.
  • This signal b is received in the subtracter 15 as feedback to deteremine the proper instructional signal 0 to be sent to the current source 14.
  • This feedback compensates for the increasing velocity of the pen 7 for example in the downward direction by decreasing the signal c as the pen 7 approaches the paper 8 and, therefore, helps to eliminate the shock of the pen 7 against the paper.
  • the movement of the pen 7 can be made more responsively controlled by compensating not only for the velocity, but also for the acceleration of the pen.
  • the signal b is received in a differentiator 13 which produces anoutput signal g proportional to the acceleration of the pen 7.
  • This signal 3 is also received in a subtracter 15 along with the signal b in order to properly compensate for the proper operating amount by determining the proper reference input d. This operation is exhibited by equation (l) above.
  • the resulting circuit operation reflects the equation (2) discussed above where the signal a corresponding to the movement amount or position of pen 7 is sent to a subtracter 15 to compensate for the variation of the thickness in the paper 8 or deterioration of the surface 9 in order to promote a constant pen pressure.
  • the switch position 34 in FIG. 4 corresponds to equation (3) above to offer a higher response to the movement characteristic, signal a, in addition to the acceleration characteristic, signal g in the control operation.
  • m represents a mass of the movable element included in the means
  • v represents a velocity of the pen 7
  • F 0 represents a force exerted by the drive system on said movable element (Le, a force developed in said movable element according to the reference input d).
  • m(dv/dt) represents a force finally exerted on the movable element included in the means after feedback
  • aV represents a force exerted by the electric current corresponding to the velocity on the movable element
  • B(dv/dt) represents a force exerted by the electric current corresponding to the acceleration on said movable element.
  • a and B depend upon the amount of the electric current corresponding to the velocity and the electric current corresponding to the acceleration fed back to the control device 21, respectively.
  • F may be replaced by (F mg) when the acceleration of gravity is taken into account.
  • the velocity v of the pen 7 before collision thereof with paper surface may be obtained-by resolving the equation (6) as follows:
  • v represents the initial velocity of the pen 7.
  • the time taken before v attains the constant velocity (F /a) may be considered substantially as zero since this time is free from any influence of the mass m of the movable element.
  • the velocity at which the pen 7 strikes paper 8 represented by (F /a) therefore, may be controlled so that there takes place almost no bounce of the pen 7 on paper 8.
  • bounce of the pen 7 may be eliminated regardless of the surface precision of the drawing board and the thickness of paper 8 and the pen 7 may be moved at a constant velocity independently of the initial velocity thereof, resulting in that, even when the pen 7 is forcibly moved downward from the state where the pen 7 is being upward moved or is bouncing at the uppermost position, it is possible for the pen 7 to be brought into collision with paper 8 at the constant velocity causing no bounce of the pen 7on paper 8.
  • the means for vertical movement of the pen according to the present invention is, accordingly. remarkably effectively particularly in application in which extremely high frequency of vertical movement of the pen is required to draw figures such as pointor letter-figuring.
  • the physical quantity corresponding to said movement amount of the pen 7 may be detected by electrostatic, magnetic or mechanic means for the same effect or the physical quantity corresponding to a velocity of the pen 7 may be directly detected for the same effect so far as a suitable processing is carried out after detection.
  • electromotive force For direct detection of the physical quantity corresponding to the velocity of the pen, for example, the principle that an electromotive force develops in an electric circuit which moves in a permanently constant magnetic field may be utilized. This electromotive force corresponds to the physical quantity in accordance with the velocity.
  • the present invention thus provides improved drive meansfor the drawing pen which is excellent in its response characteristic with respect to vertical movement.
  • a device for producing the vertical movement of a pen in a scribing apparatus comprising:
  • a feedback control device for controlling said drive current to said movable coil to insure that said pen makes a proper stroke with no bounce thereof on a work surface.
  • a device as defined in claim 1, wherein said movable range of said coil can be varied by changing the respective difference in said longitudinal width of said first magnetic pole piece and said winding width of said coil.
  • said means for supplying a current source includes means for reversing the direction of the flow of the current to reverse said vertical movement of said pen.
  • said feedsaid drive current. back control device comprises:
  • said deteca photoelectric sensing means for sensing a movetor comprises a photoelectric sensing means for sensing ment amount of said pen; a movement amount of said pen. a differentiator to receive velocity and acceleration 9.
  • said detecsignals from said movement amount; and tor additionally comprises a differentiator to receive a subtractor to control said supplying means and said velocity and acceleration signals from said movement drive current to said movable coil in response to amount signals of said pen. said movement amount and said signals, said drive 10.
  • a photoelectric sensing means for sensing a movea photoelectric sensing means for sensing a movement amount of said pen; ment amount of said pen; a differentiator to receive velocity and acceleration a differentiator to receive velocity and acceleration signals from said movement amount; and signals from said movement amount; and a subtractor to control said supplying means and said a subtractor to control said supplying means and said drive current to said movable coil in response to drive current to said movable coil in response to said movement amount and said signals, said drive said movement amount and said signals, said drive said movement amount and said signals, said drive current being equal to a reference current input current equal to a reference current input minus a minus current corresponding to said velocity sigcurrent corresponding to said velocity signal minus nal. a current corresponding to said movement amount. 12. A device as defined in claim 1 wherein said feed- 16. A device as defined in claim 1 wherein said feedback control device comprises: back control device comprises:
  • a photoelectric sensing means for sensing a movea photoelectric sensing means for sensing a movement amount of said pen; ment amount of said pen; a differentiator to receive velocity and acceleration a differentiator to receive velocity and acceleration signals from said movement amount; and signals from said movement amount; and a subtractor to control said supplying means and said a subtractor to control said supplying means and said drive current to said movable coil in response to drive current to said movable coil in response to said movement amount and said signals, said drive said movement amount and said signals, said drive said movement amount and said signals, said drive current being equal to a reference current input current equal to a reference current input plus a plus current corresponding to said acceleration sigcurrent corresponding to said acceleration signal nal minus a current corresponding to said velocity minus a current corresponding to said velocity sigsignal. nal minus a current corresponding to said move- 13.
  • said feedment amount. back control device comprises:

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US393888A 1972-09-25 1973-09-04 Pen having vertical movement control Expired - Lifetime US3864695A (en)

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JP11119572U JPS5246184Y2 (de) 1972-09-25 1972-09-25
JP10726172A JPS5716794B2 (de) 1971-11-03 1972-10-27

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070102A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-01-24 Frederic Lelouch Apparatus for sensory control of a person undergoing test
US4097874A (en) * 1977-02-19 1978-06-27 Mesne Koh-I-Noor Rapidograph, Inc. Blocking assembly for an automatic drafting device
US4106031A (en) * 1976-03-30 1978-08-08 Koh-I-Noor Rapidograph, Inc. Automatic drafting device
US4121224A (en) * 1977-02-09 1978-10-17 Jikko Takeuchi Recording mechanism using ball-point-pen
US4295146A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-10-13 Aristo Graphic Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for moving automatic drawing machine tools
US4299031A (en) * 1978-05-24 1981-11-10 Metal Box Limited Plotting device
US4324047A (en) * 1978-08-07 1982-04-13 Xynetics, Inc. Universal high speed holder
DE3234122A1 (de) * 1981-09-18 1983-04-14 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc., 06074 South Windsor, Conn. Betaetigungseinrichtung fuer aufzeichnungsgeraete od.dgl. mit markierinstrumenten
DE3239901A1 (de) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Co., 94304 Palo Alto, Calif. Schreibstift-hubeinrichtung fuer ein aufzeichnungssystem
WO1984001825A1 (en) * 1982-10-26 1984-05-10 Microscience Systems Corp Inking system for producing circuit patterns
US4660055A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-04-21 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Pen control circuit
US4664945A (en) * 1983-08-19 1987-05-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of forming thick film circuits
US4777727A (en) * 1987-08-19 1988-10-18 Sanders Associates, Inc. Plotter pen up/down control system
EP0348655A2 (de) * 1988-07-01 1990-01-03 Investronica S.A. Antriebssystem für Schreibgerät in einer Zeichenmaschine oder dergleichen
US5042155A (en) * 1988-02-05 1991-08-27 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Image forming member drive device of an automatic drawing apparatus
WO1992020136A1 (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-12 Calcomp Inc. A closed-loop feedback-controlled solenoid for precision motion
US5212888A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-05-25 Calcomp Inc. Dual function sensor for a pen plotter
US20040060180A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Lance Nelson Spring-loaded engraving toolholder
US20140316590A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2014-10-23 Xavitech Ab Control system for electromagnetic pumps
US20150028696A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2015-01-29 Nanomechanics, Inc. Electromechanical Actuator to Reduce Heating Effects
US20160114404A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-28 Fu Ding Electronical Technology (Jiashan) Co.,Ltd. Processing mechanism and processing device using same

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FR2499471B1 (fr) * 1981-02-12 1986-03-14 Held Kurt Appareil a dessiner fonctionnant automatiquement
DE3313770C2 (de) * 1983-04-13 1986-08-21 Franz Schmidt & Haensch Gmbh & Co, 1000 Berlin Plotter

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US3753384A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-08-21 O Anfindsen Apparatus for the adjustment of the working pressure of a tool

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US2400953A (en) * 1943-09-13 1946-05-28 Rca Corp Method of and system for recording audio-frequency waves
US3149902A (en) * 1961-09-25 1964-09-22 Atlantic Refining Co Variable contact recording
US3191440A (en) * 1963-02-11 1965-06-29 Electro Optical Systems Inc Pressure gauge instrument
US3449754A (en) * 1966-05-31 1969-06-10 Contraves Ag Graphical plotter
US3486094A (en) * 1966-11-02 1969-12-23 Atomic Energy Commission Circuitry for obtaining precisely controllable motion in a moving coil actuator
US3470432A (en) * 1967-07-21 1969-09-30 Us Navy Transducer,transducer system and transducer suspension spring
US3753384A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-08-21 O Anfindsen Apparatus for the adjustment of the working pressure of a tool

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070102A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-01-24 Frederic Lelouch Apparatus for sensory control of a person undergoing test
US4106031A (en) * 1976-03-30 1978-08-08 Koh-I-Noor Rapidograph, Inc. Automatic drafting device
US4121224A (en) * 1977-02-09 1978-10-17 Jikko Takeuchi Recording mechanism using ball-point-pen
US4097874A (en) * 1977-02-19 1978-06-27 Mesne Koh-I-Noor Rapidograph, Inc. Blocking assembly for an automatic drafting device
US4299031A (en) * 1978-05-24 1981-11-10 Metal Box Limited Plotting device
US4324047A (en) * 1978-08-07 1982-04-13 Xynetics, Inc. Universal high speed holder
US4295146A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-10-13 Aristo Graphic Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for moving automatic drawing machine tools
DE3234122A1 (de) * 1981-09-18 1983-04-14 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc., 06074 South Windsor, Conn. Betaetigungseinrichtung fuer aufzeichnungsgeraete od.dgl. mit markierinstrumenten
DE3239901A1 (de) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Co., 94304 Palo Alto, Calif. Schreibstift-hubeinrichtung fuer ein aufzeichnungssystem
US4567565A (en) * 1981-11-03 1986-01-28 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus and method for pen-lift system
WO1984001825A1 (en) * 1982-10-26 1984-05-10 Microscience Systems Corp Inking system for producing circuit patterns
US4485387A (en) * 1982-10-26 1984-11-27 Microscience Systems Corp. Inking system for producing circuit patterns
US4664945A (en) * 1983-08-19 1987-05-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of forming thick film circuits
US4660055A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-04-21 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Pen control circuit
US4777727A (en) * 1987-08-19 1988-10-18 Sanders Associates, Inc. Plotter pen up/down control system
US5042155A (en) * 1988-02-05 1991-08-27 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Image forming member drive device of an automatic drawing apparatus
EP0348655A2 (de) * 1988-07-01 1990-01-03 Investronica S.A. Antriebssystem für Schreibgerät in einer Zeichenmaschine oder dergleichen
US5012584A (en) * 1988-07-01 1991-05-07 Investronica, S.A. Marking tool drive system for a drawing machine or similar type of machine
EP0348655A3 (de) * 1988-07-01 1992-05-20 Investronica S.A. Antriebssystem für Schreibgerät in einer Zeichenmaschine oder dergleichen
WO1992020136A1 (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-12 Calcomp Inc. A closed-loop feedback-controlled solenoid for precision motion
US5212888A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-05-25 Calcomp Inc. Dual function sensor for a pen plotter
US20040060180A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Lance Nelson Spring-loaded engraving toolholder
US6834434B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-12-28 Lance Nelson Spring-loaded engraving toolholder
US20140316590A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2014-10-23 Xavitech Ab Control system for electromagnetic pumps
US9547293B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2017-01-17 Xavitech Ab Control system for electromagnetic pumps
US20150028696A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2015-01-29 Nanomechanics, Inc. Electromechanical Actuator to Reduce Heating Effects
US9712034B2 (en) * 2012-03-15 2017-07-18 Nanomechanics, Inc. Electromechanical actuator to reduce heating effects
US20160114404A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-28 Fu Ding Electronical Technology (Jiashan) Co.,Ltd. Processing mechanism and processing device using same
US10195702B2 (en) * 2014-10-28 2019-02-05 Fuxiang Precision Industrial (Kunshan) Co., Ltd Processing mechanism and processing device using same
US20190105744A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2019-04-11 Fu Ding Electronical Technology (Jiashan) Co.,Ltd. Processing mechanism
US10486275B2 (en) * 2014-10-28 2019-11-26 Fu Ding Electronical Technology (Jiashan) Co., Ltd. Processing mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2346449A1 (de) 1974-03-28
DE2346449C3 (de) 1982-12-23
DE2346449B2 (de) 1977-10-13

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