US3863901A - Apparatus for mixing of liquids at an adjustable ratio - Google Patents

Apparatus for mixing of liquids at an adjustable ratio Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863901A
US3863901A US406670A US40667073A US3863901A US 3863901 A US3863901 A US 3863901A US 406670 A US406670 A US 406670A US 40667073 A US40667073 A US 40667073A US 3863901 A US3863901 A US 3863901A
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Prior art keywords
plates
liquids
chambers
partition wall
mixing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US406670A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ivan Janda
Miroslav Barta
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
    • B01F35/83—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by controlling the ratio of two or more flows, e.g. using flow sensing or flow controlling devices
    • B01F35/833—Flow control by valves, e.g. opening intermittently

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for mixing of liquids at an adjustable ratio of mixing, i.e., an arrangement for the preparation of concentration gradients for liquids according to instantaneous requirements.
  • the mixing of liquids at a ratio variable with time is frequently used in centrifuging, for chromatographic elution (gradient of polarity, ion force, or pH), electrophoresis and isoelectric focussing.
  • Apparatus which is actually used for the preparation of gradients either produce gradients of a single type only, which are determined by the design of the apparatus and do not permit the alteration of the concentration of the discharged mixture according to the requirements of a predetermined program of gradients, the apparatus adopted for general use is complicated and is therefore quite expensive.
  • prior available apparatus of reasonable cost which does not use electronic regulation of the mixing ratio to calculate the shape of the produced gradients from the shape of the different elements of the respective apparatus.
  • An automatic calculator was necessary to arrive at the shape of an apparatus producing a required gradient having a common program.
  • the apparatus comprises a number of horizontally arranged plates with cuts, said plates being mutually slidably piled on a base plate having a vertical partition wall. Such wall divides the internal space of the cuts of these plates to two chambers so that the sum of the thus defined spaces of these chambers, depending on the position of the plate with respect to the partition wall, is constant at every height.
  • Discharge ports are provided in the base plate, said ports being connected with a device for equalizing the levels of the liquids in the chambers and for mixing these liquids.
  • the base plate can be provided with means for adjusting the plates to the required positions and for their pressing against the base plate in order to prevent leakage of liquids from the chambers through gaps between the plates.
  • the device for equalizing the level of the liquids in the chambers and for mixing these liquids can be advantageously a vessel with an agitator, said vessel having a discharge port in the bottom and supply ports in the side wall at the same level.
  • Such supply ports are connected by flexible hoses with the discharge ports of the chambers, whereby the body comprising the system of plates on the base plate with the partition wall and the fixing means is firmly connected to a lifting device, thereby permitting the body with the plates to be raised with respect to a stable equalizing and mixing device.
  • the arrangement according to this invention is practically suitable for general use despite its maximum simplicity and low cost. It permits a linear transformation of the shape ofa required concentration gradients to be made in order to obtain the correct shape of the chambers shifting the plates.
  • FIG. 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of the assembled body of the arrangement, the section being taken through the centers of the face walls of the plates;
  • FIG. 2 is a top view thereof
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of the assembled body of the arrangement in section taken along a plane indicated in FIG. 2 by the line AA, showing simultaneously the operation of the device for equalizing the level and mixing of liquids in the course of emptying the chambers;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of another device for equalizing the level and for mixing the liquids
  • FIGS. 5, 5a 5d are top views of different alternative embodiments of plates
  • FIG. 6 is an example of the program of a predetermined gradient
  • FIG. 7 shows the transformation of the program of this gradient for application for an arrangement according. to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 together with FIG. 3 serve for an explanation of the principle of the operation of the apparatus of the invention.
  • concentration of the solution in the first chamber 0 concentration of the solution in the second chamber c(h) concentration of the solution discharged from the mixing device in dependence on the instantaneous level of the solutions in the chambers.
  • chambers l and 2 are provided for mixing of liquids, said chambers being formed by main longitudinal cuts in horizontal plates 3.
  • Plates 3 are piled one on another and are adjusted on a base plate 4 which is provided at its center with a vertical partition wall 5 fitting closely, but in sliding fashion, to the planar internal walls of the main longitudinal cuts of-the plates 3 so, that the plates 3 can be assembled to a suitable body while preventing leakage of liquids be tween chambers 1 and 2.
  • Discharge ports 6 are provided in the base plate 4 at both sides of the partition wall 5, ports 6 being connected by flexible hoses 7 with a device 8a d for equalizing the level of the liquids in the chambers l and 2 and for mixing these liquids.
  • the mixing and equalizing of the levels of the liquids is performed in a single mixing chamber 8a with two supply ports 8b at the same level, with a discharge ports 80 in the bottom part of the mixing chamber 8a and with an agitator, for instance, a mixing screw 8d driven by a motor (not shown). It is of course also possible to separate in space the mixing device from the device for equalizing the level of liquids and to equalize the level by some other device, for instance, by means of floats and the like.
  • the plates 3 are adjusted by the aid of fastening means 9a c, the function of which is to fix the plates in a certain position and to prevent leakage of liquids from the chamber 1, 2 via gaps between the plates 3.
  • the plates 3 are provided at each side of the main cut with parallel cuts, through which parallel cuts there pass fastening bolts 9a, anchored in the base plate 4.
  • a fastening plate 9b stiffer material but of the same shape as the other plates 3 is piled on top of all plates 3, thus distributing the pressure generated by wing nuts 90 over the whole surface of the plates 3. It is of course possible to use plates of other shape, as for the simultaneous preparation of more gradients of the same shape.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5d illustrate alternative arrangements of the supporting plate 4, of the partition wall 5, of discharge ports 6 and of fastening means 9; these illustrate the possible use of a plurality of equalizing and mixing devices 8.
  • the plates 3 according to FIGS. 5a and 5b are shaped so as to reduce the torsional stress of the partition wall 5.
  • FIGS. 5c and 5d plates are shown for the simultaneous preparation of several concentration gradients of the same type.
  • the fastening means can be also formed by vertical guiding ledges at both sides of the base plate 4 with plates 3.
  • the ledges can be connected above the body of the plates to form yokes with threaded openings provided in the horizontal arms of these yokes for threaded pressure bolts generating on the plates 3 pressure from the top. In that case, no cuts for fastening means are required in the plates 3.
  • the emptying of the liquid from the chambers 1, 2 is achieved by raising the body with the plates, which is for this purpose supported on a pantograph table (not shown). This raising of said body can of course be achieved in any other feasible manner. In FIG. 3 the direction of raising is indicated by an arrow.
  • the table can be of course also raised manually or by means of a small motor acting through a gear transmission.
  • the described apparatus operates as follows:
  • c(h) is the concentration of the mixture discharged from the device 8 at the moment the levels of liquids in the chambers are at the height h
  • P,(h) and P (h) are the cross sections of chambers l or 2 respectively at the height h, and the sum S of the cross sections of chambers l, 2 is constant
  • L 50 mm is the maximum value of l.
  • the measuring cell has the following parameters:
  • the plates 3 were put on the supporting plate 4 with the partition wall 5, and the diagram u(h) in dependence on h (FIG. 7) was placed to the not yet adjusted body of the plates 3 so that the direction of the axis h coincides with the right border of the partition wall 5 whereby the base plate 4 crosses the axis h at the place of the maximum value of h (in the present case h mm).
  • the plates 3 were shifted so that their right faces just touch the curve of the diagram u(h) in dependence on h, that is that this diagram forms the circumferential curve of the body.
  • the plates 3 were thereafter fixed by tightening the fastening wing nuts 9c against the top plate 9b.
  • the assembled body was fixed to a lifting table, which was lowered so that the supply ports 8d were at the level of the starting level of liquids in the chambers l, 2 (in the present case 75 mm above the base plate 4).
  • the hoses 7 connected to the supply ports 8b were connected to the discharge ports 6 of the chambers 1,2 and solutions of saccharose of a concentration c 3% and c 25% were poured into the chambers l and 2 up to the height determined by the height of the supply ports 8b.
  • the motor of the mixing screw 8d was started and the body with the filled chambers l, 2 was raised with respect to the mixing device 8a d.
  • the couple of vessels was thereby emptied into the mixing chamber 80, the solutions having concentrations c and were here perfectly mixed so that a mixture of the required concentration c(h) variable in dependence on the distance I from the bottom of the measuring cell (see FIG. 6) was discharged into the measuring cell situated below the discharge port 80.
  • the arrangement according to this invention can be applied for the preparation of concentration gradients for centrifuging in zonal rotors.
  • the cylindrical rotor is rotating at high speed, so that the liquid fills it from the mantle toward the axis.
  • Apparatus for mixing liquids at an adjustable mixing ratio comprising;
  • the partition wall defining with each plate two separate spaces, the sum of the volumes of both said spaces being constant for each plate without regard to the position of the plate with respect to the partition wall,
  • means for adjustment of the height of the composite body comprising the base plate, the plates and the partition wall with respect to the device for equalizing the level of liquids in both chambers and for mixing these liquids.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the device for equalizing the level of liquid in both chambers is connected to the discharge ports of the chambers by flexible hoses.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the device for equalizing the level of liquids in both chambers and for mixing these liquids comprises:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
US406670A 1972-10-13 1973-10-15 Apparatus for mixing of liquids at an adjustable ratio Expired - Lifetime US3863901A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS6912A CS159513B1 (enExample) 1972-10-13 1972-10-13

Publications (1)

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US3863901A true US3863901A (en) 1975-02-04

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US (1) US3863901A (enExample)
CS (1) CS159513B1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2351175A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2203065A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1409505A (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001090719A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-29 Large Scale Proteomics Corporation Precision fluid gradient formation
US6709871B2 (en) 2000-05-19 2004-03-23 Large Scale Proteomics Corporation Precision fluid gradient formation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123342A (en) * 1964-03-03 Plastic mixing apparatus
US3214144A (en) * 1962-07-19 1965-10-26 Schering Ag Ag Apparatus and method for the application of multiple component resins
US3243163A (en) * 1963-07-01 1966-03-29 Norton American Aviat Inc Viscous and non-viscous material processing system
US3549131A (en) * 1968-04-04 1970-12-22 Susanna Mikhailovna Karpacheva Device for pulsating mixing of liquid and liquid-and-solid reagents
US3753554A (en) * 1970-10-30 1973-08-21 Basf Wyandotte Corp Apparatus for making polyurethanes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123342A (en) * 1964-03-03 Plastic mixing apparatus
US3214144A (en) * 1962-07-19 1965-10-26 Schering Ag Ag Apparatus and method for the application of multiple component resins
US3243163A (en) * 1963-07-01 1966-03-29 Norton American Aviat Inc Viscous and non-viscous material processing system
US3549131A (en) * 1968-04-04 1970-12-22 Susanna Mikhailovna Karpacheva Device for pulsating mixing of liquid and liquid-and-solid reagents
US3753554A (en) * 1970-10-30 1973-08-21 Basf Wyandotte Corp Apparatus for making polyurethanes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001090719A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-29 Large Scale Proteomics Corporation Precision fluid gradient formation
US6709871B2 (en) 2000-05-19 2004-03-23 Large Scale Proteomics Corporation Precision fluid gradient formation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1409505A (en) 1975-10-08
CS159513B1 (enExample) 1975-01-31
DE2351175A1 (de) 1974-04-18
FR2203065A1 (enExample) 1974-05-10

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